Перевод книги Hymon Spotnitz "Современный психоанализ шизофренического пациента"

negative countertransference, 41, 151-155

objective countertransference, 163, 164,166-167,168-170,190

prototype of, 158

subjective countertransference,163-164, 166,174

suppression or repression of, 37, 162, 166, 161, 166-167

use of, in treatment, 9, 167, 163, 165-166,175

See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings

Countertransference resistance, 38, 41,42,166,162,170-175

clues to, 170-171

sources of 164, 172-176

Cure, concept of, 1-2

patient's theory of, 186-187

See also Personality maturation

Decisions, major, during treatment, 89,96

De-egotization of the object, 141, 146-147, 176,186

See also Ego field and object field, Egotization of the object Defense(s), 26, 26, 28, 32-34, 49, 66, 107, 108-109, 111, 114, 116, 127, 134, 169,183

activated by transference, 62

earliest modes of, 22

emotional neutrality as, 164

failure of, 30

in latent cases, 30-31

mechanisms in psychotic conditions, 14, 21-22, 23, 28

mobilization of, 183

narcissistic, 42, 102, 111, 113, 206

See also Resistance primary, 118

schizophrenia as, 28

Defense psychosis, 14

Demands, special, on analyst.

See sub Treatment relationship

Demence precoce, 2

Dementia praecox, 2, 3, 17, 131-132

See also Schizophrenia

Dependency cravings, 86, 98,122

Depression, 16,132,143

Diagnosis.

See sub Schizophrenia

Diagnostic Manual, 3, 4, 4n

Dreams, 66, 101. 107, 117

Dream state (and rudimentary relationship), 78-79

Dream studies (contemporary), 62

Drives, instinctual. See Instinctual drives

Drugs, use of 12, 83

Dynamics of personality development, 46-51

neuropsychological formulation on, 51-60

Early maternal environment, 27

Ego and the Id, The, 19

Ego boundaries, 24, 31, 40, 102, 106,107,108

Ego deficiencies in schizophrenia, 86, 94, 112, 116, 121

Ego feeling, 24 Ego field and object field, 28, 40, 106-109, 141, 147, 160, 206

first object field, 106-107

in narcissistic transference, 108

revival of previous fields, 107

See also Egotization of the object, Objectification of the ego

Ego formation and frustration, 23-27

early stage of, 106-107

See also Ego boundaries, Ego field and object field, Identification

Ego passage, 108n

Ego sacrifice, 26, 28, 31-32, 33, 34, 36

Ego-syntonic object. See sub Transference object

Egotization of the object (introjection), 108-109, 139-140, 176

See also De-egotization of the object, Ego boundaries. Ego field and object field Emotional communication, 41,161

See also sub Interventions

Emotional maturity, 48, 154

See also Personality maturation

Environmental manipulation, 4, 90

See also Resistance, external

Errors, 161, 177

theoretical. See sub Psychoanalysis (method)

Etiology. See sub Schizophrenia "Experience of satisfaction," 29

Extremist attitudes, 205

Failure in treatment, 11, 16, 66, 96, 98, 109,190

Family, contact with. See sub Treatment relationship

Family history, taking of, 74-76

Fantasies, 101-102, 106, 137, 138, 143, 146, 148,190,194

Fees and financial transactions. See sub Treatment relationship

Fields of awareness. See Ego field and object field

First International Psychoanalytic Congress, 16-16

Free association, 78, 98, 113, 114, 116, 183

neural significance of, 69

reformulation of fundamental rule, 183

See also Communications of patient, Verbalization, focus on

Frustration, 24-27, 31, 33

See also Frustration-aggression

Frustration-aggression, 22-26, 28-36, 48-49, 61, 66, 140, 163

facilitating release of, 116

interference with ego and superego functioning, 115 and resistance, 102, 104, 107, 116

See also Aggression, Verbalization, focus on

Functional disorders, spectrum of, 47

Goals of treatment, 8, 96

initial, of patient, 69, 73-74, 81

Group for the Advancement of Psychotherapy, 157

Group psychotherapy, 90

Guilt, 81, 91, 106, 109, 116, 136, 144, 147, 196

Hate countertransference, 41

See also Countertransference, negative

Hate, hatred, 19-23, 26, 30, 33-34, 39, 99-100, 134-136, 137, 138, 147, 163, 168-169, 160-161, 163, 172, 191, 196, 202-204

and erotic tendencies, 19

and indifference, 132

in personality development, 168-169

as therapeutic force, 39

verbalization of self-hatred, 192-193

See also Aggression, Transference, negative

Hostility, 16, 22, 26, 40-41, 108, 137, 142, 163, 160-161

graduated release of, 196

Hypocritical stage (patient at), 199

Homosexual feelings, 20, 132, 148

Hysteria, 6,14,16,17, 168

See also Psychoneurosis

Identification (s) 20, 107, 135, 136, 147, 205

analyst's concordant and complementary, 168

and character problems, 176

and transient improvements, 176

with analyst, 164, 174, 176, 196

See also Egotization of the object

Immature personality, 49

Immunization, 11, 125, 200

See also Toxoid response

Impulses, aggressive.

See Aggression Impulse disorders, 47

Indifference, 132

Indirect method, 43-46

Induced feelings, 9, 41, 86,125,141, 162, 159-160, 161, 163-164, 165,167-170,172,176-177,200, 201, 205

See also Countertransference, objective

Initial interview, 70, 73-76,100

Insight, 8,113-114

Instinctual drives (impulses), 18,

20, 30, 33-34

aggressive, 18-19, 33-35.

See also Aggression aim of, 20

erotic, 33

oedipal and genital strivings, 151

See also Libidinal factors

Insulation against unwanted feeling states, 34, 111

See also Aggression, Libidinal factors

Interpretation (s), 6-8, 22, 37-38, 41-42, 110, 112, 113-114, 123, 124, 126-127, 149, 180, 197

of content, 181

of dreams, 117

maturational, 182, 194-195,199

of oedipal problems, 126

of preverbal resistance, 196

on request, 182

sequence in, 195

of transference resistance, 127, 195

See also Interventions

Interpretation of Dreams, The, 28-29, 95

Interruptions in treatment, 88, 124

Interventions, 8, 60, 61-68, 115, 116, 126,178-207

changing character of, 181

commands (orders), 181, 183-184, 186

directions, 183, 196

emotional communications, 125, 126, 127, 182, 190-194, 204-205

emotional confrontations, 182, 190, 191

explanations, 75, 96, 112, 115, 120, 181, 187-188, 197, 199, 200

general principles for, 179-183

interpretations. See Interpretations

joining. See Joining techniques maturational communications, 62, 64,181-182

maturational interpretations. See Interpretations mirroring, 182.

See also Joining techniques

need for repetition in, 180,182

parsimony in, 60, 179,180

questions. See Questions range of, 64-68, 181

reflective, 112, 148,182

See also Joining techniques sequence in,181,196-204

verbal descriptions, 126

verbal feedings on self-demand schedule, 104, 116, 181, 196

See also Communications of analyst, Contact functioning,

Interventions, illustrations of Interventions, illustrations of accepting distorted impressions

of analyst, 197, 199

analyst's shortcomings, 187

auxiliary ego, 194

commands (orders), 183-184

devaluating the object, 190-191

echoing the ego, 190

ego-maniacal approach, 186, 190

ego-oriented questions, 186-187

explanations, 187

factual questions, 184-185

falling apart, 188-189

grilling for evidence, 184-185

hypocritical stage, 199

influencing one resistance pattern, 201-204

maturational interpretations, 195-196

meeting threats with threats, 189

modeling new behavior, 194

object-oriented questions, 185-186

"outcrazying" the patient, 192

patient's expectations, 186--187

saturating with suggestions, 189

suicide or patienticide, 192-193

toxoid response, 200-201

warm acquiescence, 193

weather, 188

Introjection, 106,108,147, 185

See also Egotization of the object

Joining techniques, 40, 42, 125-127, 147, 151, 182-183, 198-199, 200-201

ego-dystonic, 182-183,188-193

ego-syntonic, 182-183, 193-194

Letter writing, 89

Libidinal factors, 15-21, 24, 28, 30, 136

Libido theory, 15, 17-19 Love, 16, 30, 33, 134

Maladaptations, 25, 48, 50, 60, 61

Masturbation, guilt about, 195

Maturational agent(s), (interchanges and processes), 46-51, 55, 60

analyst in role of, 50, 204

Maturational failure, reactions to in spectrum of functional disorders, 47-48

Maturational needs, 35, 46-47, 48, 49, 50, 165

Medical reports and examinations, 75, 96, 97

Memory (images and processes), 28-29, 48, 55, 106, 108, 113, 116,117-118,148,149,205

See also Reconstruction

Mental illness, 56, 58

Mind-body relationships, 52, 53

Mirroring of patient, 120

See also Joining techniques

Modern indirect psychotherapy, 9

Modern neuropsychological theory, 54-58

Modem psychoanalysis, 9-10

adherence to classical framework, 10

application in schizophrenia, 7-8, 38-42

theory of technique in, 9-10, 39-42

See also Interventions, Psycho-analysis (method). Resistance, management and mastery of

Modified psychoanalysis, 9

Mother-child relationship, 26, 27, 35

Motor output (motility), 30, 39, 62, 64, 67

Narcissism, 7, 17, 23, 32, 136,137

Narcissistic armor, 133

Narcissistic defense. See sub Defense

Narcissistic neuroses, 6, 17, 132, 136

Narcissistic object, 8, 136

Narcissistic transference, 7-8, 33, 41-42, 66, 129, 135-150, 157, 164, 174, 178, 196-199, 202-203

development of concept, 135-139

evolution of, 8, 67, 135, 140-142, 143, 144, 145-146, 147-148, 196-199, 202-203

general characteristics, 141-142

major implications for technique, 142

management of, 41-42, 66-68, 141-142, 144-145, 146-147, 148-150,197

qualities of, 144

related terms, 138-139

resistance function of, 141

See also Transference resistance specific reactions in different stages of. 143-144, 145-146, 147-148, 176,196-199, 202-203

See also Transference

Negative therapeutic reaction, 99

Negativism, 3, 17, 38, 76, 88, 183

Neurodynamics of personality development, 61, 54-58

Neuropsychological theory, modern, 54-68

Neutralization, theory of, 23, 33-34

Nonverbal communication. See sub Communications

Object, ego-syntonic. Sec sub Transference object

Object field. See Ego field and object field

Object, narcissistic, 8, 136

Object protection, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30, 31-32, 34, 102, 109,135

Object relations, 24, 26, 31, 33, 106, 134, 135, 149,153,205

Objectification of the ego, 108, 144-146, 176

See also De-egotization of the object

Obsessional neurosis, 16,17

See also Psychoneurosis Obstacle (s) external, 43-44, 46, 95-96

See also Resistance, external

Oceanic feeling, 107

Office practice. See Ambulatory treatment

Oral needs, 26 Overstaying time, 121

Paradigmatic approach, 194, 200

Parameters, 10

Paranoia, 14, 131,132

Part-objects, 149

Patienticide, 158n, 192-193

Perceptual identity, 29

Personality development, 36, 47

dynamics of, 46-51

interferences with, 48-50

Personality maturation, 84, 94, 96, 109, 149, 184,206,207

Physical contact, 121-122

Positively suggestible patient, 183

Prefeeings (pre-ego, undifferen-tiated), 7, 106, 108-109, 113, 143, 144, 146, 147

Pressure to talk, 82-83

Primary defense, 118

Primary wishful attraction, 118

Procedures, distillation of standard, 112-113

Prognosis. See sub Schizophrenia "Project for a Scientific Psychology," 52-54, 118

Projection, 23, 106, 108, 147, 184-185

See also Objectification of theego

Psychoanalysis .(method), 6-12, 36-42

classical, 6, 7, 9-11,141

definition of, 10

early application in schizophrenia, 1, 2,15,17

early theoretical errors in, 1, 6, 7

goals of, 1-2

See also Cure, analytic, Personality maturation in process of transition, 10

modern. See Modernpsycho-analysis theory of technique in, 6, 8, 9, 36-42,141

See also Interventions

Psychoanalysis with parameters, 10

Psychoanalytic theory, development of, 52

Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy, 9

Psychogenic illness, 58

Psychological tests, use of, 74

Psychoneurosis, 6, 14-15, 36-37, 47

patient with, 6, 34, 37, 65, 82, 112, 113, 133, 137

Psychosomatic (psychobiological)

conditions, 47,109

Psychosis, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 47, 102, 108, 139, 140, 158

and defense, 27, 33

defense mechanisms in, 14, 21-22, 23, 28

precipitation of, 10, 15, 33, 66, 80, 102, 103, 106,138

See also Resistance, personality fragmentation patterns of

Quantitative approach to communication, 43-68

See also Interventions

Questions, 79, 116, 120, 121, 123, 124, 144, 149-150, 152-153, 181, 184-187, 196-204

countering introspective tendencies, 120-121, 145, 185-186

countering questions, 184, 187-188

ego-oriented, 184, 186-187

factual, 184, 188

grilling for evidence, 184-185

illustrations of, 184-187

in initial interview, 73-76

investigating delusionary ideas, 120, 184-185

object-oriented, 116, 120-121, 124, 144,185-186, 197, 202

See also Contact functioning. Interventions

Rage, 29, 106, 134, 149, 151, 153, 169-170, 171, 172, 176, 205

Reconstruction, 109, 113, 148-150, 153, 165-166, 167, 204-206

Recovery, 33, 206-207

See also Cure, Personality maturation

Regression, 13, 17, 18, 23, 26, 32, 66, 67, 102, 103, 106, 124, 133, 134, 140, 143

control of, 112, 115-116, 121, 144

Reorganization of nervous system 68

Repression, 14, 16, 16, 49, 98

Resistance, 6-10, 37-42, 62-67, 93-128

analysis of, 38-42, 111, 113-114, 115, 125-128, 179-181

arousal of, 63,118,126

changing character of, 181, 201-203

classification of, 98-99

communication function of, 8, 94

controlling intensity of, 125-126

counter-resistance, 162

See also Countertransference resistance

and counterforce to communication, 82,112,121, 125

dealing with, 38-42, 110-128, 201-203

and defense, 67, 94, 111, 126

definition, 93-95

early patterns in case, 79-80, 82, 86-87, 89, 92,100-101

of ego, 98-99,101

external resistance, 95-98, 116

and frustration-aggression, 102, 106, 127

general strategy in dealing with, 111-117,122,124

of id, 99

inference from presence of, 62

inner, 96, 97,98-99,99-106

intensification of, 66 interpretation of, 8

See also Interpretation management and mastery of, 97, 110-128

personality-fragmentation patterns of, 102-103, 106, 116, 119-120, 126, 127,136,181

preanalytic, 70, 73-74, 76, 99-100

preoedipal, 126-127, 166

preverbal, 196

priorities; in dealing with, 116-117

in psychoneurotic patient, 37-38

quantitative approach to, 62-68, 112

recodification of permissible responses to, 9

recognition of, 93-109, 125

and regression, 116-116

repetitive verbal communications as. See Communications of patient of

repression, 98

resolution of, 38-42, 111-112, 126-127, 179-181

scope of, 93-94

secondary gain, 98

of silence, 62, 63, 119, 120-121

status quo, 116, 122

of superego,98-99,162

symptoms as, 101

See also Personality fragmentation patterns of

to teamwork, 116,123-124

to analytic progress, 116,123

to termination, 38,116,124-126

treatment-destructive.

See Treatment-destructive resistance transference.

See Transference resistance understanding of, 93-99

verbal descriptions of, 126

working through of, 42, 127

Resistance analysis, 9

Retraining, 12

Right to resist, 70, 111

Rudimentary relationship. See Treatment relationship

Schizoid mechanisms, 22

Schizophrenia (schizophrenic reaction), 1-12, 13-36

analyzability of (views on) 1-2, 6, 8,16, 17,39

conceptualization of (psychody-namic), 13-36

and defense, 23, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34

diagnosis of, 3-4, 4n, 12, 74-76, 106,132,168,166

early views on phenomenology, 14-18,32

etiology of, 2, 3, 4, 27, 36, 46, 48-49

historical background on treatment of, 1-12

need for individualization of treatment of, 13

nuclear problem in (schizophrenic nucleus), 13, 27-36, 102

optimal conditions for development of, 31

as organized situation, 28

primary factors in, 28

process distinguished from reaction, 25

prognosis, 1-4, 8,12

range of therapies in, 3-5

psychoanalytic formulations on, 16-36

psychoanalytic technique in, 36, 38-42

psychological reversibility of, 1, 3, 8, 10, 12, 14, 24, 27

recovery from, essence of, 206-207

symptomatology of 1-4, 12, 16-18, 99-103, 106, 108, 112, 116, 119-120

working hypothesis on, 8, 13-14, 27-30,36

Schizophrenic associations, 116

Self-analysis, 200

Self-control, 39, 90, 93, 119, 198

Self-love, 17, 20

Self-torture, 201

Sensations, 24, 66, 101, 105, 109, 129, 143, 146

Sensory deprivation, 35, 66, 62, 64-65

Sensory stimulation, 55, 56, 67, 61

Sessions, frequency of, 80-84

Sexual impulses and feelings, 16, 32, 37, 101, 138, 143, 162

Silence, 62, 63, 119, 120-121

of analyst, 61, 64, 178,180

Smoking, 31, 89, 142

Strategic dictator, 79

Studies on Hysteria, 61, 130, 149n, 159, 179

Suicidal urges and thoughts, 106, 136, 146, 163, 169-170, 192-193, 203

Student-analyst, problems of, 17ft 176

See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings

Supervision, major concerns in, 172-177

See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings

Symptomatology. See sub Schizophrenia

Talion principle, 163

Talking. See Communications, Interventions, Verbalization

Tardiness, 79, 80, 121

Techniques. See Interventions Telephone calls, 80, 88, 121

Termination, 116, 124-126

Theory of technique. See Modern psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis (method)

Therapeutic alliance, 71-73, 132

See also Treatment relationship

Toxoid response, 126, 200-201

Transference analysis of, 42, 146, 163, 167

See also Reconstruction behavior in neurodynamic terms, 69

capacity for, 6-7, 16, 132, 133, 137, 141

charging of defense with, 62

continuum in schizophrenia, 140, 143-144, 146-146, 147-148, 150-151

convincing patient of, 131-132

delusional, 139

development of concept, 130-135

dissolution of, 163-164

ego (transference), facilitating, 205

hatred, 23, 38-39, 135, 148, 161-162, 163, 168, 169, 203-204

See also Transference, negative love, 37,169

See also Positive management of, 132-133 negative, 38, 39, 40, 103, 114-115, 130-131, 134,161

object (state of), 7-8, 41-42, 67-68, 109, 126,129,136,140,141-142, 150-151, 200, 203-204

oscillating states of, 135-136, 147-148, 198-199, 203

positive, 37, 39, 41, 132-133, 134-135, 161, 154,158,159,199

psychosis, 137, 138-139, 140

special problems in, 152-163

tempo of development of, 40

See also Narcissistic transference, Transference resistance

Transference and Trial Adaptation, 134

Transference cure,58

Transference neuroses, 72, 136, 137, 138

Transference object, 12, 38, 39, 40, 66, 108, 118, 136, 137,145,162, 153,166

ego syntonic, 8, 136, 144-145, 152

Transference psychosis. See sub Transference

Transference resistance, 37-38, 40-42, 99, 103-104, 120, 122, 123, 124, 127, 148-153, 183, 195

narcissistic type of, 66, 104, 105-109, 196-198, 202-205

object type of, 104-105, 200-201, 203-204

See also Resistance, Transference, negative

Treatment contact. See sub Treatment relationship

Treatment -destructive resistance, 112, 115, 116, 119-122, 127

clues to, 120

controlling intensity of, 119, 125-126

disappearance of, 127

nullifying immediate influence of, 115,125-126

Treatment relationship, 69-92, 122, 177

analyst's responsibility for forming therapeutic alliance", 71-73, 77, 92

attitudes of analyst in, 119, 121-122, 177, 178-180

changing goals of patient in, 69, 81

concept of cooperative functioning in, 78, 91-92

contact with patient's family, 90-91, 95, 97

contract, 76-80, 92, 100, 121 alterations in, 85

duration of, 77, 84

early phase of, 78-79

fees and financial transactions in, 80, 84-88

frequency of sessions, 80-84; extra sessions, 80, 83

general attitude toward rules, 80, 82, 89-90, 92

initial interview, 70, 73-76, 100

optimal distance in, 118--119

optimal intensity of, 83, 84

preservation of, 122

See also Treatment-destructive resistance

reality concerns in, 96-98

temporary discontinuance of, 86-87

special demands on analyst in, 12, 14, 36, 41-42, 48, 68, 81, 82, 86, 172-175, 177, 179-180, 204

See also Ambulatory treatment

Undifferentiabed feelings. See prefeelings

Unlearning, 8

Vacations, 88

Verbal feedmgs on self-demand. See sub Interventions, Contact functioning Verbalization, 60, 78, 149

focus on, 113-114

of preoedipal state, 109

Wayward Youth, 136

Wishes, positive and negative, 117-119

Withdrawal, 17-18, 19, 21-22, 23, 25, 120

king alliance, 71, 72, 91

ring hypothesis. See sub Schizophrenia working through.

See sub Resistance

World Health Orga, Uion, 4n

"Writing cure," 89n

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. "Англо-русский словарь" В.К. Мюллер: СПБ, Академический проект, 1997 г.

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5. "Современный психоанализ" Х. Томэ:, Х. Кэхеле в 2-х томах, пер. с англ., общ. ред. А.В. Казанской: издательская группа "Прогресс литера", издательство агенства "Яхтсмен", Москва, 1996 г.

6. "Словарь по психоанализу" Ж. Лапланш, Ж.-Б. Понталис. Пер. с франц. Н.С. Автономовой: Москва, "Высшая школа", 1996 г.

7. "Критический словарь психоанализа" Ч. Райкрофт. Пер. с англ. Л.В. Топорова и др.: ВЕИП, СПБ, 1995 г.

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