Analytical Reading

Tasks of the course of Analytical Reading. Development of reading skills from skimming, comprehension to elements of in-depth character, theme, style, point of view analysis. The texts are from classical and contemporary short stories to anecdotes.

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Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå

Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.

a. a minor film actressb. an actress in theatre

c. a photo model for publicity stills

3. Carol's ambition was to become

a. a great film actressb. a great actress in theatre c. rich and famous

4. Carol failed the screen test because

a. her appearance was rather plain

b. her appearance was a bit unusual

c. she lacked artistic skill

5. The old man who arranged the screen test seemed

a. cynical and indifferentb. rather benevolent and a bit ironic

c. ill-disposed and willing to hurt

6. The outcome of the test was that

a. the old man agreed to sign Carol to a contract with certain reservations

b. no contract was signed

c. the old man shortlisted Carol and promised to call her later

7. While speaking with the old man Carol appeared

a. impatient and ill-manneredb. rather naïve for her age and position

c. rather sophisticated for her age and position

Vocabulary Training

I. Understanding Word Meaning from Context.

Choose a word or a word group that has the same meaning as the word in bold.

1. Piano players usually have slender fingers.

a. longb. shortc. slimd. quick

2. There's no point worrying over such trifles.

a. minor diseasesb. small, unimportant things

c. stupid peopled. things that are not likely to happen

3. A massage will relax those tense muscles.

a. tired b. achingc. weakenedd. not relaxed

4. There are substantial fines for exceeding permitted levels of noise pollution.

a. regularb. legalc. allowedd. recommended

5. He never deviated from his original plan.

a. profitedb. acted differently

c. gave attention to every detaild. drew conclusions

6. I'm sure she'll be an asset to the team.

a. downsideb. surprise c. weak link d. valuable thing

7. Human nature is frail.

a. mysteriousb. weakc. strongd. unexplainable

8. He's highly susceptible to flattery.

a. sensitive b. opposed to c. able to discern d. likely to be influenced

II. Find in the text

a) two adjectives with the suffix - less;

b) an adjective with the suffix - ish. What do these suffixes mean?

c) a noun which has the same meaning as “advertisement”.

III. Note that the words “feature”, “touch”, “force” and “lead" can be both nouns and verbs. In what meanings are they used in the text? (The word “touch” is used twice).

Which meaning of the word “feature” is related to the topic “cinema”?

Mind that the word “lead" had a homograph which is pronounced [led] (a type of metal).

IV. What does the verb “to flatter" mean? Illustrate it with your own example.

In the text it is used as a part of the idiom “to be flattered”. How does its meaning change in this case?

V. Explain the following words in English. Use an explanatory dictionary if necessary. If a word has several meanings, point out the meaning in which it is used in the text.

1) to discourage2) ambitious3) stubborn

4) to shrug 5) starlet 6) to confess

VI. Grammar Point.

Do not confuse the patterns “used to” and “to be/get used to smth”.

We use “used to” to talk about something that happened regularly in the past, but is no longer true. E. g. I used to smoke, but I gave up a couple of years ago. Note that “used" is followed by an Infinitive. “Used" is a verb in Past Simple here; “to" is a particle before the Infinitive.

We use “to be used to smth/doing smth” to talk about something that is habitual for somebody at present. E. g. We're used to the noise of the traffic now. “Used" is an adjective here; “to" is a preposition.

We can also use the expression “get used to” to talk about a change in somebody's habits, about becoming habituated to something. Note that “to be/get used to smth” is followed either by a noun or a Gerund.

Which pattern is used in the story twice and in what context?

Give your own examples with these patterns. Try to relate them to your experience.

Recounting and Interpreting Details

1. Who was Carol Hunt and what was her ambition?

2. Describe the appearance of Carol Hunt.

3. How did her screen test go? Who arranged it?

4. Why did the man who arranged the test refuse to sign Carol to a contract? How do you understand the following phrase describing the old man's reasons for refusal: “ [he was] honeying the harsh, official, impersonal truth with his own sweet-tempered, but personal and therefore finally valueless truth”?

5. What solution to the problem did the man propose?

6. Was Carol ready to do everything to get a chance of featuring in movies? Why did she refuse to change her appearance? (find at least two reasons) How do you understand the old man's phrase that for the stage Carol's nose was “better than faultless”?

7. In what part of the episode is Carol being naïve and in what part is she being sophisticated?

8. In what part is the old man being sincere and well-disposed and in what part is he being ironic?

9. What was the old man's attitude towards Carol and Carol's attitude towards the old man? What impression do these characters produce on you? How do you understand the following phrase describing the old man's reaction to Carol's confession: “The old man stared at her, rewarding her candour with surprise”? Why is the verb “to reward” used?

10. What was the outcome of the meeting? Do you think Carol made the right choice?

Creative Follow-up Work

Do you think Carol succeeded as an actress? How did her career develop, to your mind? Finish the story in any way you like.

To find out what actually happened read the whole story “Wistful, Delicately Gay" by Irwin Shaw.

Text 19. The enormous radio (Part I)

by John Cheever

Before you read:

1) What is the largest radio set that you have seen? What are radios like nowadays?

2) What role does the radio play in your life? Does it influence your life in any way?

Jim and Irene Wescott were the kind of people who seem to strike that satisfactory average of income, endeavor, and respectability that is reached by the statistical reports in college alumni bulletins. They were the parents of two young children, they had been married for nine years, they lived on the twelfth floor of an apartment house near Sutton Place, they went to the theater on an average of 10.3 times a year, and they hoped someday to live in Westchester. Irene Wescott was a pleasant, rather plain girl with soft brown hair, and a wide, fine forehead upon which nothing at all had been written, and in the cold weather she wore a coat of fitch skins dyed to resemble mink. You could not say that Jim Westcott looked younger than he was, but you could at least say of him that he seemed to feel younger. He wore his graying hair cut very short, he dressed in the kind of clothes his class had worn at Andover, and his manner was earnest, vehement, and intentionally naïve. The Wescotts differed from their friends, their classmates, and their neighbors, only in an interest they shared in serious music. They went to a great many concerts - although they seldom mentioned this to anyone - and they spent a good deal of time listening to music on the radio.

Their radio was an old instrument, sensitive, unpredictable, and beyond repair. Neither of them understood the mechanics of radio. When the instrument faltered, Jim would strike the side of the cabinet with his hand. This sometimes helped. One Sunday afternoon, in the middle of a Schubert quartet, the music faded away altogether. Jim struck the cabinet repeatedly, but there was no response. The Schubert was lost to them forever. He promised to buy Irene a new radio, and on Monday when he came home from work he told her that he had got one. He refused to describe it, and said it would be a surprise for her when it came.

The radio was delivered at the kitchen door the following afternoon, and with the assistance of her maid and the handyman Irene uncrated it and brought it into the living room. She was struck at once with the physical ugliness of the large gumwood cabinet. Irene was proud of her living room, she had chosen its furnishings and colors as carefully as she chose her clothes, and now it seemed to her that her new radio stood among her intimate possessions like an aggressive intruder. She was confounded by the number of dials and switches on the instrument panel, and she studied them thoroughly before she put the plug into a wall socket and turned the radio on. The dials flooded with a malevolent green light, and in the distance she heard the music of a piano quartet. The quartet was in the distance for only an instant; it bore down upon her with a speed greater than light and filled the apartment with the noise of music amplified so mightily that it knocked a china ornament from a table to the floor. She rushed to the instrument and reduced the volume. The violent forces that were snared in the ugly gumwood cabinet made her uneasy. Her children came home from school then, and she took them to the Park. It was not until later in the afternoon that she was able to return to the radio.

The maid had given the children their suppers and was supervising their baths when Irene turned on the radio, reduced the volume, and sat down to listen to a Mozart quintet that she knew and enjoyed. The music came through clearly. The new instrument had a much purer tone, she thought, than the old one. She decided that tone was most important and that she could conceal the cabinet behind the sofa. But as soon as she had made her peace with the radio, the interference began. A crackling sound like the noise of a burning power fuse began to accompany the singing of the strings. Beyond the music, there was a rustling that reminded Irene unpleasantly of the sea, and as the quintet progressed, these noises were joined by many others. She tried all the dials and switches but nothing dimmed the interference, and she sat down, disappointed and bewildered, and tried to trace the flight of the melody. The elevator shaft in her building ran beside the living-room wall, and it was the noise of the elevator that gave her a clue to the character of the static. The rattling of the elevator cables and the opening and closing of the elevator doors were reproduced in her loudspeaker, and, realizing that the radio was sensitive to electrical currents of all sorts, she began to discern through the Mozart the ringing of telephone bells, the dialing of phones, and the lamentation of a vacuum cleaner. By listening more carefully, she was able to distinguish doorbells, elevator bells, electric razors, and Waring mixers, whose sounds had been picked up from the apartments that surrounded hers and transmitted through her loudspeaker. The powerful and ugly instrument, with its mistaken sensibility to discord, was more than she could hope to master, so she turned the thing off and went into the nursery to see her children.

When Jim Wescott came home that night, he went to the radio confidently and worked the controls. He had the same sort of experience Irene had had. A man was speaking on the station Jim had chosen, and his voice swung instantly from the distance into a force so powerful that it shook the apartment. Jim turned the volume control and reduced the voice. Then, a minute or two later, the interference began. The ringing of telephones and doorbells set in, joined by the rasp of the elevator doors and the whir of cooking appliances. The character of the noise had changed since Irene had tried the radio earlier; the last of the electric razors was being unplugged, the vacuum cleaners had all been returned to their closets, and the static reflected that change in pace that overtakes the city after the sun goes down. He fiddled with the knobs but couldn't get rid of the noises, so he turned the radio off and told Irene that in the morning he'd call the people who had sold it to him and give them hell.

The following afternoon, when Irene returned to the apartment from a luncheon date, the maid told her that a man had come and fixed the radio. Irene went into the living room before she took off her hat or her furs and tried the instrument. From the loudspeaker came a recording of the “Missouri Waltz." It reminded her of the thin, scratchy music from an old-fashioned phonograph that she sometimes heard across the lake where she spent her summers. She waited until the waltz had finished, expecting an explanation of the recording, but there was none. The music was followed by silence, and then the plaintive and scratchy record was repeated. She turned the dial and got a satisfactory burst of Caucasian music - thump of bare feet in the dust and the rattle of coin jewelry - but in the background she could hear the ringing of bells and a confusion of voices. Her children came home from school then, and she turned off the radio and went to the nursery.

When Jim came home that night, he was tired, and he took a bath and changed his clothes. Then he joined Irene in the living room. He had just turned on the radio when the maid announced dinner, so he left it on, and Irene went to the table.

Jim was too tired to make even pretense of sociability, and there was nothing about the dinner to hold Irene's interest, so her attention wandered from the food to the deposits of silver polish on the candlesticks and from there to the music in the other room. She listened for a few minutes to a Chopin prelude and then was surprised to hear a man's voice break in “For Christ's sake, Kathy,” he said, “do you always have to play the piano when I get home? ” The music stopped abruptly. “It's the only chance I have," the woman said. “I'm at the office all day." “So am I,” the man said. He added something obscene about an upright piano, and slammed a door. The passionate and melancholy music began again.

“Did you hear that? ” Irene asked.

“What? ” Jim was eating his dessert.

“The radio. A man said something while the music was still going on - something dirty. ”

“It's probably a play. ”

“I don't think it is a play," Irene said.

They left the table and took their coffee into the living room. Irene asked Jim to try another station. He turned the knob. “Have you seen my garters? ” A man asked. “Button me up," a woman said. “Have you seen my garters? ” the man said again. “Just button me up and I'll find your garters,” the woman said. Jim shifted to another station. “I wish you wouldn't leave apple cores in the ashtrays," a man said. “I hate the smell. ”

“This is strange,” Jim said.

“Isn't it? ” Irene said.

Jim turned the knob again. “`On the coast of Coromandel where the early pumpkins blow,'” a woman with a pronounced English accent said, “`in the middle of the woods lived the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bò. Two old chairs, and half a candle, one old jug without a handle. '”

“My God! ” Irene cried. “That's the Sweeneys' nurse. ”

“`These were all his worldly goods,'” the British voice continued.

“Turn that thing off,” Irene said." Maybe they can hear us. ” Jim switched the radio off. “That was Miss Armstrong, the Sweeneys' nurse,” Irene said. “She must be reading to the little girl. They live in 17-B. I've talked with Miss Armstrong in the Park. I know her voice very well. We must be getting other people's apartments. ”

“That's impossible," Jim said.

“Well, that was the Sweeneys' nurse,” Irene said hotly. “I know her voice. I know it very well. I'm wondering if they can hear us. ”

Jim turned the switch. First from a distance and then nearer, nearer, as if borne on the wind, came the pure accents of the Sweeneys' nurse again: “`Lady Jingly! Lady Jingly! '” she said, “`sitting where the pumpkins blow, will you come and be my wife? said the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bò. '”

Jim went over to the radio and said, “Hello” loudly into the speaker.

“`I am tired of living singly,'” the nurse went on, “`on this coast so wild and shingly, I'm a-weary of my life; if you'll come and be my wife, quite serene would be my life. '”

“I guess she can't hear us," Irene said. “Try something else.

Jim turned to another station, and the living room was filled with the uproar of a cocktail party that had overshot its mark. Someone was playing the piano and singing the “Whiffenpoof Song Yale University drinking song. ," and the voices that surrounded the piano were vehement and happy. “Eat some more sandwiches," a woman shrieked. There were screams of laughter and a dish of some sort crashed to the floor.

“Those must be the Fullers, in 11-E," Irene said. “I knew they were giving a party this afternoon. I saw her in the liquor store. Isn't this too divine? Try something else. See if you can get those people in 18-C. ”

The Westcotts overheard that evening a monologue on salmon fishing in Canada, a bridge game, running comments on home movies of what had apparently been a fortnight at Sea Island, and a bitter family quarrel about an overdraft at the bank. They turned off their radio at midnight and went to bed, weak with laughter…

Comprehension

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The Wescotts were an extraordinary family in many ways.

2. Jim Wescott bought a new radio because the quality of the sound in the old one was very low.

3. When Irene saw the new radio she immediately liked it more than the old one.

4. With the new radio Jim and Irene enjoyed listening to classical music.

5. Irene heard strange sounds coming out of the loudspeaker along with the music which turned out to be snatches of their neighbours' conversations.

6. At first Irene wanted to turn the radio off because she though it was indecent to eavesdrop on their neighbours.

7. The Wescotts decided to exchange the radio because of the defect.

8. The Wescotts found some of the conversations they overheard highly amusing.

Vocabulary Training

I. Understanding Word Meaning from Context.

Choose a word or a word group that has the same meaning as the word in bold.

1. The sudden rise in share prices confounded the economists.

a. disappointedb. inspired c. confused d. upset

2. He was beginning to feel distinctly uneasy about their visit.

a. uncomfortableb. excitedc. difficultd. emotional

3. He could barely conceal his disappointment.

a. suffer b. expressc. controld. hide

4. She was totally bewildered by his sudden change of mood.

a. disappointedb. confusedc. upsetd. charmed

5. The interview ended abruptly.

a. finallyb. positivelyc. negativelyd. suddenly

II. a) What household appliances are mentioned in the text? What other appliances do you know? What is another word for “vacuum cleaner”?

b) In what situation can you hear running comments?

III. Note that the words “strike”, “progress”, “dial" and “trace” can be both nouns and verbs. Explain their meaning in each case and give your examples. (Note that the word “progress" changes its stress depending on whether it is a noun or a verb).

IV. Note that the verb “to work” can be used transitively, i. e. to take a direct object:

to work oneself (=to work hard); to work the land (=to grow crops); to work a crowd (=to manage, to excite); to work a large area (e. g. selling goods there); to work a coffee machine (=to operate); to work clay/dough/iron/gold (=to use a material).

Find a sentence where this verb is used transitively in the text.

Now illustrate one of the above expressions with an example of your own.

V. Explain the following words in English. Use an explanatory dictionary if necessary. If a word has several meanings, point out the meaning in which it is used in the text.

1) clue2) alumnus3) obscene4) fortnight

VI. Note how each of the following idioms is used in the text:

1) a good deal of;

2) to fiddle with;

3) to get rid of;

4) in the background;

5) to slam the door.

Now use each of these idioms in an example of your own. Try to relate them to your own experience.

Creative Follow-up Work

Find as many words and expressions related to the topic “household electric appliances” in the text as you can. Use them to make up a short story of about 150 words.

Text 20. The enormous radio (Part II)

…Sometime in the night their son began to call for a glass of water and Irene got one and took it to his room. It was very early. All the lights in the neighborhood were extinguished, and from the boy's window she could see the empty street. She went into the living room and tried the radio. There was some faint coughing, a moan, and then a man spoke. “Are you all right, darling? ” he asked. “Yes," a woman said wearily. “Yes, I'm all right, I guess,” and then she added with great feeling, “But, you know, Charlie, I don't feel like myself any more. Sometimes there are about fifteen or twenty minutes in the week when I feel like myself. I don't like to go to another doctor, because the doctor's bills are so awful already, but I just don't feel like myself, Charlie. I just never feel like myself. ” They were not young, Irene thought. She guessed from the timbre of their voices that they were middle-aged. The restrained melancholy of the dialogue and the draft from the bedroom window made her shiver, and she went back to bed.

The following morning, Irene cooked breakfast for the family - the maid didn't come up from her room in the basement until ten - braided her daughter's hair, and waited at the door until her children and her husband had been carried away in the elevator. Then she went into the living room and tried the radio. “I don't want to go to school," a child screamed. “I hate school. I won't go to school. I hate school. ” “You will go to school," an enraged woman said. “We paid eight hundred dollars to get you into that school and you'll go if it kills you. ” The next number on the dial produced the worn record of the “Missouri Waltz." Irene shifted the control and invaded the privacy of several breakfast tables. She overheard demonstrations of indigestion, carnal love, abysmal vanity, faith, and despair. Irene's life was nearly as simple and sheltered as it appeared to be, and the forthright and sometimes brutal language that came from the loudspeaker that morning astonished and troubled her. She continued to listen until her maid came in. Then she turned off the radio quickly, since this insight, she realized, was a furtive one.

Irene had a luncheon date with a friend that day, and she left her apartment a little after twelve. There were a number of women in the elevator when it stopped at her floor. She stared at their handsome and impassive faces, their furs, and the cloth flowers in their hats. Which one of them had been at Sea Island? she wondered. Which one had overdrawn her bank account? The elevator stopped at the tenth floor and a woman with a pair of Skye terriers joined them. Her hair was rigged high on her head and she wore a mink cape. She was humming the “Missouri Waltz. ”

Irene had two Martinis at lunch, and she looked searchingly at her friend and wondered what her secrets were. They had intended to go shopping after lunch, but Irene excused herself and went home. She told the maid that she was not to be disturbed; then she went into the living room, closed the doors, and switched on the radio. She heard, in the course of the afternoon, the halting conversation of a woman entertaining her aunt, the hysterical conclusion of a luncheon party, and hostess briefing her maid about some cocktail guests. “Don't give the best Scotch to anyone who hasn't white hair," the hostess said. “See if you can get rid of the liver paste before you pass those hot things, and could you lend me five dollars? I want to tip the elevator man. ”

As the afternoon waned, the conversations increased in intensity. Irene could hear the arrival of cocktail guests and the return of children and businessmen from their schools and offices. “I found a good-sized diamond on the bathroom floor this morning,” a woman said. “It must have fallen out of the bracelet Mrs. Dunston was wearing last night." “We'll sell it," a man said. “Take it down to the jeweler on Madison Avenue and sell it. Mrs. Dunston won't know the difference, and we could use a couple of hundred bucks. ”

The Wescotts were going out for dinner that night, and when Jim came home, Irene was dressing. She seemed sad and vague, and he brought her a drink. They were dining with their friends in the neighborhood, and they walked to where they were going. The sky was broad and filled with light. It was of those splendid spring evenings that excite memory and desire, and the air that touched their hands and faces felt very soft. A Salvation Army band was on the corner playing “Jesus Is Sweeter”. Irene drew her husband's arm and held him there for a minute, to hear the music." They are really such nice people, aren't they? ” she said. They have such nice faces. Actually, they are so much nicer than a lot of the people we know." She took a bill from her purse and walked over and dropped it into the tambourine. There was in her face, when she returned to he husband, a look of radiant melancholy that he was not familiar with. And her conduct at the dinner party that night seemed strange to him, too. She interrupted her hostess rudely and stared at the people across the table from her with an intensity for which she would have punished her children.

It was still mild when they walked home from the party, and Irene looked up at the spring stars. She waited that night until Jim had fallen asleep, and then went out into the living room and turned on the radio.

Jim came home at about six the next night. Emma, the maid, let him in, and he had taken off his hat and was taking off his coat when Irene ran into the hall. Her face was shining with tears and her hair was disordered. “Go up to 16-C, Jim!" she screamed. “Don't take off your coat. Go up to 16-C. Mr. Osborn's beating his wife. They've been quarreling since four o'clock, and now he is hitting her. Go up there and stop him. ”

From the radio in the living room, Jim heard screams, obscenities, and thuds. “You know you don't have to listen to this sort of thing,” he said. He strode into the living room and turned the switch. “It's indecent," he said. “It's like looking into windows. You know you don't have to listen to this sort of thing. You can turn it off. ”

“Oh, it's so terrible, it's so dreadful," Irene was sobbing. I've been listening all day, and it's so depressing. ”

“Well, if it's so depressing, why do you listen to it? I brought this damned radio to give you some pleasure," he said. “I paid a great deal of money for it. I thought it might make you happy. I wanted to make you happy. ”

“Don't, don't, don't, don't quarrel with me," she moaned, and laid her head on his shoulder. “All the others have been quarreling all day. Everybody's been quarreling. They're all worried about money. Mrs. Hutchinson's mother is dying of cancer in Florida and they don't have enough money to send her to the Mayo Clinic. At least, Mr. Hutchinson says they don't have enough money. And some woman in this building is having an affair with the handyman - with that hideous handyman. It's too disgusting. And Mrs. Melville has heart trouble, and Mr. Hendricks is going to lose his job in April and Mrs. Hendricks is horrid about the whole thing and that girl that plays the “Missouri Waltz" is a whore, a common whore, and the elevator man has tuberculosis and Mr. Osborn has been beating his wife." She wailed, she trembled with grief and checked the stream of tears down her face with the heel of her palm.

“Well why do you have to listen? ” Jim asked again. “Why do you have to listen to this stuff if it makes you miserable? ”

“Oh, don't, don't, don't,” she cried. “Life is too terrible, too sordid and awful. But we've never been like that, have we, darling? Have we? I mean, we've always been good and decent and loving to one another, haven't we? And we have two children, two beautiful children. Our lives aren't sordid, are they, darling? Are they? ” She flung her arms around his neck and drew his face down to hers. “We're happy, aren't we, darling? We are happy, aren't we? ”

“Of course we're happy,” he said tiredly. He began to surrender his resentment. “Of course we are happy. I'll have that damned radio fixed or taken away tomorrow. ” He stroked her soft hair. “My poor girl," he said.

“You love me, don't you? ” she asked. “And we're not hypocritical or worried about money or dishonesty, are we? ”

A man came in the morning and fixed the radio. Irene turned it on cautiously and was happy to hear a California-wine commercial and a recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, including Schiller's “Ode to Joy”. She kept the radio on all day and nothing untoward came toward the speaker.

A Spanish suite was being played when Jim came home. “Is everything all right? ” he asked. His face was pale, she thought. They had some cocktails and went to dinner to the “Anvil Chorus” from “Il Trovatore”. This was followed by Debussy's “La Mer”.

“I paid the bill for the radio today,” Jim said. “It cost four hundred dollars. I hope you'll get some enjoyment out of it. ”

“Oh, I'm sure I will," Irene said.

“Four hundred dollars is a good deal more than I can afford," he went on. “I wanted to get something that you'd enjoy. It's the last extravagance we'll indulge in this year. I see that you haven't paid your clothing bills yet. I saw them on your dressing table." He looked directly at her. “Why did you tell me you paid them? Why did you lie to me? “

“I just didn't want you to worry, Jim,” she said. She drank some water. “I'll be able to pay my bills out of this month's allowance. There were the slipcovers last month, and that party. ”

“You've got to learn to handle the money I give you a little more intelligently, Irene,” he said. “You've got to understand that we don't have as much money this year as we had last. I had a very sobering talk with Mitchell today. No one is buying anything. We're spending all of our time promoting new issues, and you know how long that takes. I'm not getting any younger you know. I'm thirty-seven. My hair will be gray next year. I haven't done as well as I hoped to do. And I don't suppose things will get any better. ”

“Yes dear," she said.

“We've got to start cutting down," Jim said. “We've got to think of the children. To be perfectly frank with you, I worry about money a great deal. I'm not at all sure of the future. No one is. If anything should happen to me, there's the insurance, but that won't go very far today. I've worked awfully hard to give you and the children a comfortable life," he said bitterly. “I don't like to see all my energies, all my youth, wasted in fur coats and radios and slipcovers and…”

”Please, Jim,” she said. “Please. They'll hear us. ”

“Who'll hear us? Emma can't hear us. ”

“The Radio. ”

“Oh, I'm sick! He shouted. “I'm sick to death of your apprehensiveness. The radio can't hear us. Nobody can hear us. And what if they can hear us? Who cares? ”

Irene got up from the table and went into the living room. Jim went to the door and shouted from there. “Why are you so Christly all of a sudden? What's turned you overnight into a convent girl? You stole your mother's jewelry before they probated her will. You never gave your sister a cent of that money that was intended for her - not even when she needed it. You made Grace Howland's life miserable, and where was all your piety and your virtue when you went to that abortionist? I'll never forget how cold you were. You packed your bag and went off to have that child murdered as if you were going to Nassau. If you'd had any reasons, if you'd had any good reasons…”

Irene stood for a minute before the hideous cabinet, disgraced and sickened, but she held her hand on the switch before she extinguished the music and the voices, hoping the instrument might speak to her kindly, that she might hear the Sweeney's nurse. Jim continued to shout at her from the door. The voice on the radio was suave and noncommittal. “An early-morning railroad disaster in Tokyo,” the loudspeaker said, “killed twenty-nine people. A fire in a Catholic hospital near Buffalo for the care of blind children was extinguished early this morning by nuns. The temperature is forty-seven. The humidity is eighty-nine. ”

Vocabulary Training

I. Understanding Word Meaning from Context.

Choose a word or a word group that has the same meaning as the word in bold.

1. Students soon grow weary of listening to a parade of historical facts.

a. intelligent b. tired c. interested d. sarcastic

2. He spoke in a forthright manner but without anger.

a. energetic b. sad c. disappointedd. direct

3. She cast a furtive glance over her shoulder.

a. angry b. tiredc. secret d. sad

4. She could not conceal the deep resentment she felt at the way they had been treated.

a. feeling b. joyc. offenced. surprise

5. She flung (Inf. fling) the letter down on the table.

a. laid carefullyb. threwc. hidd. put back

6. It was a shock to discover the truth about his sordid past.

a. tragicb. criminalc. miserabled. dirty

II. a) What is the opposites of the words “decent" and “honesty”?

b) What two words are there in the text that mean “to shake slightly because of cold, fear or excitement”? Which one is more intense?

III. Word-building.

a) From what nouns are the adjectives “enraged” and “sheltered” derived? What do these nouns mean?

b) From what adjectives are the nouns “privacy”, “obscenity” and “apprehensiveness" derived? What do they mean?

c) From what adjective is the noun “extravagance" derived? Note that this is a translator's “false friend”. In English it has negative connotations and quite a different meaning. What is it?

IV. a) Note that the words “trouble” and “tip” can be both nouns and verbs. Illustrate their various uses with examples of your own.

b) The word “commercial" can be both an adjective and a noun. What does it mean as a noun?

V. The verb “to check" has several meanings which are quite different. In what meaning and in what context is it used in the text?

VI. Explain the following words in English. Use an explanatory dictionary if necessary. If a word has several meanings, point out the meaning in which it is used in the text.

1) sobering 2) insurance3) apprehensiveness4) allowance

Recounting and Interpreting Details

For the interpretation of the story “Enormous Radio" review Part I. Use details from both parts while considering the following questions.

1. What image of the Wescotts is given at the beginning of the text? Why does the author use statistics?

2. What was the main difference of the Wescotts from most other people, according to Part I?

3. What was Irene's reaction when her husband bought a new radio? What was the radio like?

4. What was unusual about the radio?

5. How did Irene's attitude towards the radio evolve? How many stages can you distinguish throughout the story? Characterize each of them briefly and give your reasoning.

6. Did the Wescotts find the overheard conversations amusing?

7. When did the radio begin to bother Irene?

8. Why did Irene persist in listening to the radio?

9. There is a pun in the following sentence: “She kept the radio on all day and nothing untoward came toward the speaker”. What does this mean?

10. In Part I Jim said the new radio “would be a surprise for Irene when it came”. This is an instance of dramatic irony. Try to explain its essence. What was Jim's intention when he bought the radio and what did it lead to?

11. What made Irene's behaviour strange and why was Jim surprised at it?

12. What caused Jim and Irene's first minor quarrel and what was its outcome?

13. What worried Irene? Did she want to be like others or rather stand apart from them? In what way?

14. What irritated Jim at the end of the story? What was his reaction to Irene's sudden change? Did he love his wife, to your mind?

15. What image of Irene do we get at the end? Why hadn't it been hinted at earlier in the story?

16.comment on the last paragraph and the title.

Texts for skimming

Text 1. Man Injured at Fast Food Place

Scan the story and say: Where did the incident take place? Who was involved? What happened? What was the outcome? What was the reaction of those involved?

A 79-year-old man was slightly injured on Saturday while waiting in his brand new convertible in a drive-through lane at Burger Prince restaurant. Herman Sherman of Northville suffered a mild burn at about 9: 00 p. m. when a young female employee accidentally spilled a cup of coffee into his lap. Sherman said the coffee was hot but not scalding.

He refused medical aid, saying the only problem was the stain on his slacks, but it would wash out. He was given a fresh refill. Before Sherman drove off, the restaurant manager, John Johnson, gave him two free gift certificates - one for an extra-large coffee and one for the restaurant's newest sandwich, the McRap.

The employee, who was a new hire, was dismissed later that evening. She was quite upset. She said she would probably sue Burger Prince for letting her go. She said it was the man's fault for ordering something that she might be able to spill.

Text 2. Food Fight Erupted in Prison

Scan the story and say: Where did the incident take place? Who was involved? What happened? What was the outcome?

Inmates released two correctional officers they had held for a week in the tower at the state prison complex. The inmates captured the officers a week ago after the two officers tried to quell a food fight in the main dining room. The food fight erupted when the prisoners discovered that their candy ration had been cut in half. The candy is a popular bartering item. Inmates trade it for cigarettes, cigars, magazines, stationery, legal dictionaries, and other items. Prison officials said it was necessary to cut back on this luxury item in order to provide basic items, like soap and razors and toilet paper.

The prisoners went berserk over the reduction. They threw food, plates, and silverware at the doors, windows, and guards. Then they grabbed two guards and hauled them up to the tower. Once they had the tower door secured, they sent messages to prison officials demanding big bags of candy in exchange for sparing the guards' lives. The warden complied with their demands. After a week of negotiations, the prisoners approved a deal which restored their candy ration, but in return the administration said they would have to reduce daily soap allotments by 75 percent.

Text 3. Nutrition “Facts”

Scan the story and say: What is the problem that is being discussed? Who is being blamed and who is the victim?

Americans get confused when they try to understand the food labels (“Nutrition Facts”) on their packaged food. This is partly because the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Agriculture often seem more interested in the welfare of the food industry than in the health of consumers.

For example, even though health practitioners and the federal government itself tell consumers to watch their salt intake, processors continue to add salt to packaged food. Salt occurs naturally in many foods, so why do processors add more? Perhaps processors think that extra salty food will make the consumers thirsty enough to buy more soda and other beverages that the processors also make.

“Serving Size” is supposed to be the amount an average adult would eat at one sitting as part of a regular meal. However, a 6-ounce container may have anywhere from 1 to 3 servings, depending on the food inside the container. A 6-ounce can of Crabmeat contains one serving, while a 6-ounce can of Pink Salmon Chunks contains 3 servings.

With the federal government's approval, processors use labeling that helps to sell the product, regardless of how confusing or deceptive the label is to the consumer. If a consumer sees “200 calories” on a can of tuna fish, he might not buy it because 200 is a lot of calories. But if the consumer sees “20 calories” (because the can of tuna fish has 10 servings!), he doesn't worry that the can contains too many calories. All he sees is the number 20. That makes him happy, and it makes the processor happy.

Text 4. One Man's Meat is Another Man's Poison

Scan the story and say: What is the problem that is being discussed? What is the most controversial food, according to the story? What is the writer's opinion of it? Did his attitude change after the incident?

People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.

No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people, who ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.

My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert.

Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living-room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails, would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room.

To our dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall! I have never been able to look at a snail since then.

Text 5. Hotel Says Goodbye to Clean Couple

Scan the story and say: Where did the incident take place? Who was involved? What caused the conflict? How was the problem solved? Were the parties satisfied?

Theodore, the manager of the Paradise Hotel, told a middle-aged couple that they would have to leave the hotel after just one night. The couple, visiting from Texas, had booked a room for eight nights.

“They wanted a sterile environment,” Theodore said. “They should have rented a room in a hospital, maybe an operating room. This hotel is clean, but it isn't that clean. ”

Theodore said that, on the very first day, the couple brought all the sheets, pillowcases, and bedspreads down to the main lobby and just dropped them next to the front desk. They stood there next to this pile of bedding while other guests looked, pointed, and murmured. The hotel got three cancellations within the hour from people who witnessed this strange event.

When Theodore asked the couple what the problem was, they said that their bedding was filthy and they wanted it replaced. The couple could not identify any specific “filth” on the bedding. The wife just said, “We're paying good money to stay here. How dare you doubt us? We know the filth is there. That's all the proof you need." Theodore called room service, and the bedding was replaced immediately.


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Ðåêîìåíäóåì ñêà÷àòü ðàáîòó.