Biography of Jan Niecislaw Baudouin de Courtenay, who was a Polish linguist and Slavist. Theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations. Contribution to phonology. Basic classes of alternations. The origin and development of quantitative linguistics.

Forms of behavioral deviations that were common among the population of the Ukrainian rear provinces during the First World War. Manifestations of anti-Semitism, germanophobia, espionage, the impact of the "dry law" on the inhabitants of Poltava province.

The main of widespread behavioural deviations of the population of Ukraine's rear provinces during the First World War are characterized in the article. Particular attention is paid to manifestations of anti-Semitism, Germanophobia and espionage-mania.

Five Magdalene camps from the territory of the present Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Magdalene settlement in eastern Poland. Analysis of contacts along the west-east axis. low level of recognition of the Polish-Ukrainian border area from the Ukrainian side.

The leading pedagogical ideas of the scientific and journalistic heritage of B. Hrinchenko. His collaboration with Doroshenko in developing the Ukrainian people's national consciousness and identity. The concepts related to the upbringing of youth.

Exploring symbols and signs in the Topeng Malangan mask show, a traditional legacy of Javanese society. Costumed show of masked characters. An analysis of symbols rooted in ancient history, which has come down to us in the form of a fabric painting.

The study of the phenomenon of Jacques Chirac as a politician, his activities as president of France. The stages of its movement up the career ladder. Analysis of the main achievements in domestic and foreign policy. Reforming education and health.

Analysis of cases of blasphemy during the revolution. Relating the debate on blasphemy during the revolutionary period to the political system of the Romanov Empire. Folk interpretation of the destruction of churches and the opening of relics in folklore.

Boris Godunov (about 1552 – 1605) was the Russian tsar since 1598; came to power in the time of “oprichnina”; was the tsar Fedor Ivanovich’s wife’s brother and actually ruled the state instead of him. Internal and Foreign Policy of Godunov’s Government.

Formation of the Ukrainian nation, nationally of the land of the country on the ear of the twentieth century. The development of the main strains of the spirits of B. Hrinchenko and D. Doroshenka in the cultural, political and journalistic spheres.

Activities of branches and circles of the society "Native school" in Pokut in 1900-1939. Analysis of the work of the society's branches, quantitative composition of circles in the cities. Characteristics of educational, cultural and social activities.

Description of the status and collections of the Bristol Museum and Art Gallery, which include: geology, oriental art and the history of Bristol, including English software, sections on natural science, as well as national and international archeology.

Familiarity with the history of the British monarchy. The Royal Prerogatives as action of the Government that gets its legitimacy from the crown. Consideration of peculiarities constitutional role of the Queen, general characteristics of its tasks.

The analysis of the completion of the brothers Ivan, Mikola and Petro Sokolsky will fit in on the sidelines of the Odessa ministry. The essence of the colossal collective offspring of the motherland in the enormous and cultural development of the city.

The article analyzes the provisions of the Budapest Memorandum, with which Ukraine was supposed to ensure and secure its sovereignty from aggression as a result of giving up nuclear weapons. Analysis of historical and legal conditions of signing.

Presents the construction works in Algeria as crucial sites for spreading Soviet influence in North Africa. Analysis of role of youth from Algeria and the Soviet Bloc in the establishment of country-wide projects and the formation of Algerian nationhood.

In the article, the author substantiates the dating of the rings, argues that they belong to Byzantine jewelry, interprets the meaning of the inscription, and determines the place of the local population in the costume. Dating of the Crimean finds.

Review of dissertations on Byzantine studies defended in Ukraine during 2012-2023 in non-historical specializations (aesthetics, musicology, history of culture, art, religious studies). Identification of development vectors of Ukrainian Byzantine studies.

Методологічні особливості радянської історіографії вивчення життя та наукового доробку С. Подолинського. Поширення ідей марксизму серед вітчизняних громадських діячів. Відповідність робіт марксистській ідеології та критика енергетичної концепції автора.

The need of the bureaucratic state for universities. Analysis of the formation of the system of educational institutions that trained civil servants. Reforms carried out at the highest levels of government, the transition to a ministerial system.

Создание монахом ордена камальдулов Фра-Мауро по заданию сената Венеции своей знаменитой карты мира в 1459 году. Изучение локализации Calmuzi Sara. Расположение значительного количества золотоордынских населенных пунктов. Суть золотоордынской культуры.

Fall of Angkor in the XV century - a turning point in the history of Cambodia, a factor in the decline of the Khmer civilization. Perception of events by China. Transformation of the description of Cambodia in Chinese sources of the Yuan, Ming epochs.

The description of the history of Cambridge University. Author focuses on the older colleges, which are more likely to be of interest to the tourist or casual visitor to Cambridge. Cambridge University today boasts 31 colleges and over 13,000 students.

Analyzes the concepts of autocephalous formation of national churches and the experience of their formation. Reveals the significance of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and democratic revolutions in Europe on the formation of newly independent states.

Description of the life story of Captain Jacques Margeret as an active observer-participant in the Time of Troubles, who contributed to the military modernization. "The Russian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Moscow: A 17th-century French Narrative".

The pottery assemblage of the archaic period from the ancient rural settlement discovered along the southern shore of Cara Burun Bay at the place known as Agik Suhat. It is investigated by a French-Romanian team jointly conducted by Baralis and Lungu.

A history of diplomatic relations between Safavi Shah Abbas I and the Carmelites, a medieval European missionary organization. Motivation for the development of trade relations with European countries, the goal of Shah Abbas’s general political strategy.

Early history of Kremlin Dormition Cathedral. The design and present structure of the church. Analysis of the peculiar features of the architecture of the Kremlin Cathedrals. The Cathedral of the Assumption, its history and architectural peculiarities.

The city of Vladimir is one of the oldest and most famous Russian cities of the central Russian region. Vladimir is famous for its unique cathedrals dating back to the XII century. The Cathedral of St. Demetrius. The Ensemble of the Nativity Monastery.

The purpose the study is to compare the facts, estimates, gleaned from Ukrainian and Russian periodicals, materials of online publications regarding the causes of the beginning of the Russian-Moldovan conflict in 1992. The causes of the conflict itself.