Agricultural schools as a form of profile training school

The school set up a training and production facilities. It has the necessary amount of plowing. Wow, there are two (training and experimental site) and workshop, the total area - 1.4 hectares potato field - 2 ha, heated greenhouse - 176 sq.m. On school fields, farms, shops are various employment training students under the guidance of teachers. Around March 10, involved in growing cucumber seedlings - for greenhouses in late April - seedlings of tomato, cabbage and flowers. Supply the villagers sprouts, cucumbers from the school greenhouses in late May - early June. Organized production sites: in horticulture (growing potatoes and vegetables), the rearing of poultry, pigs, sheep, farm buildings. At the facility (2004), the roots of cabbage planted in 1300 (600 sq.m.), 550 roots of tomato (340 sq.m.), 350 roots of sweet pepper (160 sq.m.), carrots - 120 square meters. m - 29 beds, 120 sqm zucchini, beets, watermelon, etc. There are shrubs: currant - 300 sq.m. - 50 bushes, cherry - 200 sq.m. - 16 bushes, apple - 120 sq.m. - 5 bushes, rennet. Total: 21 species of useful plants and fruit grown on site. Potato field is divided into two parts: in one field student team members work on another field, all works are carried out students boarding schools, their parents. Educational-experimental plot is the experience of "the study of wheat varieties" under orders ZabNiTiOMSa. Experts have given us different wheat varieties were instructed to conduct the experiment. The material base of the school grounds and production area are replenished annually.

Traditionally, in the district competition, "Harvest" won prizes. Received vegetables, berries use to reduce the cost of supply of students. Pupil pays for a hot breakfast, including meat, 2 rubles. at a cost of 3 rubles. 50 kopecks. - 4 rubles. Dining in high school all year:

In Krasnoimalkinskoy School created a diversified subsistence farming:

a) Livestock

Cattle Sheep Pig

b) Poultry

a) crop

In spring 2009, there were six adult pigs, 19 pigs, a cow and a bull, 34 sheep, 50 chickens and five turkeys. At the moment, there are 6 pigs, cow, bull and a yearling calf. The main purpose of part-time farm - to carry out school meals. It is a source of off-budget funds. In 2008, 195 thousand received extrabudgetary funds. Second buy equipment for offices, schools and household goods.

Training costs: students on a trip to the competition, the competition. There is a prize fund: for prizes on school holidays. Revenue from ancillary services is growing every year. With cattle get milk for hot breakfasts, eggs used for baking, sheep give offspring, wool, meat - for babies.

Given the conditions of the lives of students, where people from an early age are in harmony with nature, the goal - to generate the worker, the owner of the intellectual ground.

Many may say that if the school - agricultural schools, so students should be overwhelmed by labor affairs. But it is not. Graduates of our school at the time of its completion have specialty: a tractor driver (FAA), but not the only consequence of tracked graduates. The first part of the graduates entered the agricultural universities and technical schools, and the other part comes in various educational institutions.

In labor unions, students interested because they are paid a salary that is given to everyone who wants to work in these teams. Material interest not only in this but in Outlet dinners in bonuses for good study and work in rewards.

A good method is to develop incentive provisions:

- Best student of the year

- School Teacher of the Year

- "Coolest class"

- "The most cool"

At school, there is a certain climate, their distinctive traditions, which occurs in the formation of key competencies of students in the intellectual, informational, cultural, recreational and other areas, which should ultimately lead to the development of skills, the social adaptation and mobility, as it happens in social - organized environment for learning and education of pupils in the way of school life.

In the educational field "technology" were introduced innovations such as the introduction of project-based and self-selection of students performing facilities work. So much attention has been allocated finishing products. Since in the present conditions in the success of products in the market is determined by the beautiful appearance, perfect shape, easy to operate. Introduced school of vocational guidance work.

Its content is enriched and concretized by the class. The volume and complexity of information increasing year by year. In a study of theoretical material, implementation of practical work in the classroom technology students about the contents and conditions of work for a number of professions. In students widely used role plays, discussions, group work and activities such as competitions, quizzes, competitions, lectures.

Education technology offers great opportunities for education in students of important personal qualities as attentiveness, intelligence, perseverance, diligence, independence, ability to show creativity, economic thought, etc.

2.2 Design of school education in rural schools

Elective course on vegetable production, for grade 9

Explanatory note

New economic relations require a different approach to labor education of pupils with a view to adapt quickly after graduation.

Our school has developed agricultural sector, which is dominated by a large volume of production. Therefore, we should strengthen the training of its graduates in the development of agricultural specialties.

Vegetable growing - the most accessible and acceptable subject on which you can conduct classes in agricultural work, organize after-school activities. On the example of the study of vegetable shaped the skills used in other areas of crop production. Knowledge of the biology and technology of growing vegetable plants increased educational level of students and contribute to their preparation in secondary and higher education institutions.

This alternative program has a feature that allows the teacher, especially in small-size and urban schools, to use the work of students in the area and the rate of time allotted for work training.

Using the principles of consistency and potential and given the feature of school age, the author recommends the approach to the study of the subject: in the 5th grade - general introduction to vegetable growing, shaping and skills training of seed and planting legumes, leafy greens, onion and pumpkin crops. In 6th grade - is a development of a protected ground. In these two classes A close interdisciplinary communication with natural history and botany, in particular, with the development of topics: soil, seeds, fruits, the main factors of plant life. In 7th grade, based on acquired knowledge, students learn Growing vegetables in the open field with their biology by family, which also corresponds to the basic training in botany: the classification of plants, vegetative propagation, agricultural plants.

The program is detailed topics of practical training in the fall and spring by class. This schedule will allow the teacher to make an additional calendar and thematic plan of community service on school grounds without violating the educational goals and objectives of the lessons. Clear method of organization of agricultural employment discipline students, activates growth of interest in the work and does not violate the general requirements to the educational process. Requirements for knowledge and skills of students:

need to know:

- The value of vegetable, its problems and prospects of development, the role of vegetable plants in human life:

- Vegetable growing greenhouse: structure, types of heating, methods of use;

- Methods of reproduction of vegetable plants: seed and vegetative, especially the preparation of seeds of different crops for planting, sowing, care for them;

- Biological characteristics of vegetables: botanical, morphological characteristics, the centers of origin of the variety;

- Basics Growing vegetables in accordance with their biological and soil-climatic conditions terrain: the method of seedlings, of the cultivation, crop rotation, harvesting;

- The main pests and diseases of vegetable plants, methods of protection and control system of agronomic characteristics of biological measures against pests and diseases;

be able to:

- To prepare a site for sowing seeds and planting seedlings: digging, harrowing, leveling, making ridges, crests, nutrient blocks, Soil mixtures;

- To prepare seeds for planting and sowing them correctly, depending on the culture;

- Prick out into the open and protected ground;

- To carry out care for sowing and planting: inter-row hoeing, weeding, hilling, watering, fertilizing, the formation of tomato and cucumber plants in the greenhouse and the greenhouse;

- To carry out the harvest to preparation for storage.

The program is in 18 hours. Practical training is planned for the spring and autumn.

Goal: to teach students the basics of vegetable to form their in-depth knowledge of biology of crops and farming skills.

Objectives:

education: students broaden their horizons on a variety of vegetables, growing plants to teach according to their biological and climatic terrain, build skills: mastery of inventory, preparation of solutions for top dressing fertilizer and plant extracts for the treatment of pests and diseases, harvest and Bookmark it for storage.

educational: the formation of grower interest in the profession, industry, activity, discipline, responsibility for their work.

Developing: build skills of perception, thinking, attention, efficiency, observation, ability to generalize and draw conclusions and suggestions.

Guidelines of "Organization and socially useful agricultural labor"

Public benefit agricultural labor schoolchildren - is a form of after-school labor education aimed at developing their knowledge. skills, developing a conscious belief in the need to run modern agricultural technologies to produce high yields and high quality products.

Objectives of community service.

Training:

deepen students' knowledge in the areas of crop and livestock production (in the cultivation of crops in their care and in the harvest, the content, the breeding and feeding of animals);

train and of the basic rules for the protection, safety and hygiene;

Polytechnic horizons expand on the basics of intensification of agricultural production;

familiarize with agricultural machinery, with the value of comprehensive mechanization;

generate employment and skills needed to perform basic farming operations with the use of tools of manual labor and little mechanization.

Educational:

foster respect for the work of rural workers to the labor of his comrades and his own, hard work, discipline, honesty, demanding of himself and his companions in labor, work culture.

Developmental:

develop observation, memory, perception and thinking skills on environmental performance and human conviction need for organic agricultural products;

develop the habit of economic thinking on the basis of educational, scientific, technological, economic knowledge (the organization and regulation of labor, means of labor), efficiency, resourcefulness, creative approach.

Public benefit agricultural labor is considered to be a massive event to provide employment assistance to farms to harvest potatoes, fruits and vegetables, or to weed roots. These events were, and are considered very important and necessary. In today's market conditions have changed and the attitude to socially useful work.

To save the value of this kind of work students need to change the ways and methods of implementation. First, community service, as well as other types of work students should have specific training and educational purposes, corresponding psychological.

Contents:

Purpose of public benefit agricultural labor.

1. Public benefit agricultural labor in agro schoolchildren.

1.1. The structure of community service.

1.2. Organization and holding of labor activity in agro.

1.3. The content of socially useful agricultural labor.

2. Community service work in the agricultural student production brigades.

3. Community service work in the agricultural group work.

4. Community service for lessons on agricultural technology.

5. Public benefit agricultural labor in the family.

Using the results of work in the school pedagogical practices, environmental protection.

The work of students in the school on agricultural subjects, based on life history items.

The goal - to deepen the basic knowledge, broaden my horizons on local history, to form the conviction that growing organic agricultural products, thinking skills of the human role in Venue:, School playgrounds area, study biology in school.

1. Vegetable growing as a crop. Lk. Prepare the paper: "The history of development of vegetable production in Russia" 20.02

2. Biological characteristics of vegetable plants. Lk. Prepare the paper: "The importance of vegetable plants in human life, prospects vegetable" 3.1

3. Vegetable growing greenhouse. Lk. Prepare the paper: "The importance of the protected ground in the round-dichnom supplying the population with fresh vegetables." 3.20

4. Grouping by botanical and economic-biological features. Lab. Make classification tables. 10-20.02

5. Vegetable seed plants. Lab. Make a collection of vegetable seeds. 1.4

6. Vegetable growing greenhouse. Lab. Bear of the cultivation of spring film greenhouses and heated soil. 4.10

7. Vegetable gardening outdoor:

7.1. Solanaceous Lab. Prepare a report on "Vegetable physalis. Biological characteristics and cultivation. " 10.04-10.05

7.2. Family Cucurbitaceae Lab. "Melons, particularly growing."

7.3. Cabbage family Lab. "Cauliflower, broccoli, bryussnlskaya, kohlrabi. Nutritional value. Growth method "

8. Green Culture Lab. Prepare a paper on the topic: "Pryanovkusovye vegetable plants, their importance in human life. Ways to grow. " 15-20.05

9. Storage and processing of vegetables. Sem. 1. Prepare and submit to the occupation of canned food processing vegetable crops.

2. Prepare abstract "way of storing and processing vegetables" 15-20.10

10. Biological protection vegetables. Sem. Prepare abstracts:

"Biological protection of vegetable plants in the open field"

"Biological protection in greenhouses" 25-30.05

11. Breeding and seed production of vegetable crops. Sem. Make varietal characteristics recognized varieties:

1. white cabbage and color;

2. tomato, pepper;

3. cucumber. 10-20.05

12. Greenhouse vegetable growing: Project tab school site greenhouse. Pr. Prepare the paper: "Growing mushrooms: mushrooms veshanok, truffles in greenhouse" 20-25.12

13. Vegetable gardening outdoor: comprehensive mechanization in vegetable open and protected ground. Pr. Prepare the paper: "A comprehensive mechanization in horticulture: machinery and implements for soil treatment and care for a vegetable" 25-30.05

Example topics of vegetable:

Topic 1. History vegetable greenhouse and the prospect of its development.

Purpose:

- Become acquainted with the vegetable greenhouse in his native land;

- To improve knowledge on the biology, physiology of plants due to their growing in the off-season;

- To expand the scope for cultivation of vegetable plants in the built environment;

- Develop skills of scientific and specialist literature.

Job.

Prepare essay on the topic:

1. "The history of development of vegetable greenhouse in Russia"

Content: The historical background of the development of vegetable production in Russia in general and development stages of a protected ground, the scientists who contributed to the development of the greenhouse vegetable production, factors that influenced the development of vegetable greenhouse, construction, types of heating methods for controlling the vital factors of plants in greenhouse, culture grown in different types of greenhouses and insulated ground; advancements vegetable greenhouse.

2. "Vegetable greenhouse in the Oryol region."

Content: The agro-climatic conditions of the Oryol region; range of vegetable crops in open field; range of vegetable crops of open ground, used in fresh form in winter, lack of fresh vegetables and how to eliminate it, and the modern state protected ground in the area and the prospect of its development.

3. "Features of vegetable greenhouse in the backyard and garden farms."

Content: The conditions that cause the need to grow vegetables in greenhouses, the most appropriate structure for greenhouse vegetable backyard and country, but a sample of the cultivation for greenhouses, insulated ground and spring film greenhouses, research-based requirements for the use of chemical and biological protection measures for ecologically friendly products. Culture and varieties released in the area, as well as recommended for suburban vegetable greenhouse.

4. "Features of vegetable greenhouse on the school grounds."

Contents: Eligible installations covered ground, their design, purpose and terms of use, vegetable crops and varieties that are recommended for the area, ways to grow seedlings for open and protected ground, especially the use of facilities covered ground for the cultivation of other crops.

5. "Features a cucumber growing conditions in the winter and spring back in the greenhouse due to its place of origin."

Contents: the place of origin of the cucumber, and its biological characteristics, optimal conditions for the growth and development of cucumber plants, varieties and hybrids that are recommended for winter-spring turnover in the greenhouse, variants of the cultivation, Growing, methods of formation of cucumber plants.

6. "Features a cucumber growing conditions in the fall turnover greenhouses in connection with its place of origin" (Content: in step 5.).

7. "Features of consciousness conditions of tomato cultivation in the winter-spring back. in connection with its place of origin "(Contents of claim 5.).

8. "Features of the creation of conditions of tomato cultivation in the fall back in relation to its place of origin" (Contents of claim 5.).

9. "Relationship of origin of the nightshade family of vegetables with the peculiarities of their growth in the spring film greenhouses and insulated ground."

10. "Relationship origin cucumber with the characteristics of their growing in the spring film greenhouses and insulated ground."

Content of claim 9. and 10: the place of origin of this culture and its agro-climatic conditions, biological characteristics of the culture, agro-climatic conditions of our country, class, zoning for open and protected ground, growing conditions in these greenhouse plants, methods of regulating vital factors plants.

11. "Green culture and characteristics of their growing population for year-round supply of fresh"

Contents: types of greens, their place of origin, time to grow them outdoors, types of plants that are suitable for growing green crops, sowing and harvesting them with the biological characteristics of plants, the conditions necessary for the plants in the fall, winter and early spring .

12. "Features of growing greens on the school grounds protected ground."

Contents: types of greens are recommended for growing in greenhouses, and their biological characteristics, the conditions for plant growth and development, in terms of crop production film greenhouses, insulated ground.

13. "Features of growing sprouts in the winter greenhouse."

Content: The main ways of growing seedlings, crops grown seedling method, timing growing seedlings of cucumber and tomato, depending on the time of their landing, the conditions for the growth of seedlings of winter, spring, summer and fall turnover.

14. "Varieties and hybrids of cucumber for greenhouses in the winter and spring revolutions."

15. "Varieties and hybrids for greenhouse cucumber in the fall back."

16. "Varieties and hybrids for greenhouse cucumber and heated soil."

17. "Varieties and hybrids of tomato for greenhouses in the winter and spring-summer momentum."

18. "Varieties and hybrids of tomato greenhouses in the fall to the back."

19. "Varieties and hybrids of tomato to the greenhouse and heated soil."

The content of paragraph 14 and 19: the main features required of varieties and hybrids for cultivation in greenhouses, the main research centers on the selection of vegetables for the protected ground, the main economic and biological markers released varieties and hybrids.

20. "The main task of selection of vegetables for the protected ground."

Contents: leading scientists breeders growers and direction of their research, the main problem of greenhouse vegetable selection, value and area of distribution of varieties and hybrids of Moscow CXA them. KA Timiryazev. Basic biological and economic characteristics of varieties and hybrids of tomato and cucumber in our zoned areas.

Note: The table attached to the abstract, drawings made on sheets of drawing paper, and A4 photocopies.

Theme 2. Features year-round growing sprouts cucumber and tomatoes in the winter greenhouse.

Purpose: To study the characteristics of preparation for greenhouse vegetable production, creation and management of environmental conditions in different periods of growth and development of plants, depending on the timing of their cultivation.

Job.

1. Review literature on vegetable greenhouse and explore topics related to the preparation of the soil in winter greenhouses and conditions necessary for growing sprouts and cucumber and tomatoes in the winter greenhouse.

2. Make a synopsis for seminars on the plan:

- Greenhouse soils: the requirements for greenhouse soils, their classification, properties, conditions continued use of greenhouse soil, organic fertilizers, soil for seedlings.

- The conditions of growing seedlings: methods of cultivation; seedlings: duration seedlings of cucumber and tomato seedlings goal alignment, temperature of soil and air at various stages of plant growth. day and night period, soil moisture;

- Mode of temperature and humidity in growing cucumber and tomato, depending on the period of cultivation.

Note: The basic parameters of temperature and humidity of air and soil in the form of tables on the A4 format.

Theme 3. Technology cucumber and tomatoes in the winter greenhouse.

Purpose: To study the technology of cultivation of varieties and hybrids of cucumber and tomato in winter-spring and fall turnover, establish knowledge-forming plants.

Task 1.

Make a summary of technology growing cucumbers in the winter and spring on the back of the plan:

- Varieties and hybrids type;

- Features training seedlings;

- Planting of seedlings;

- Taking care of plants;

- The formation of cucumber plants (submit schematic drawing);

- Mode microclimate;

- Harvesting and yield.

Task 2.

Make a summary of technology growing varieties and hybrids cucumber under the plan:

- Varieties and hybrids cucumber;

- The date of planting;

- Mode microclimate;

- Especially caring for plants;

- The formation of plants;

- Harvesting.

Task 3.

Make a summary of technology for growing cucumbers in the autumn culture (according to plan tasks 1 and 2).

Task 4.

Make a summary of technology for growing tomatoes in the winter-spring culture (according to plan tasks 1 and 2).

Task 5.

Make a summary of technology for growing tomatoes in autumn culture (according to plan tasks 1 and 2).

Theme 4. Technology for growing greens in the winter greenhouse.

Purpose: To study the characteristics of growing greens in greenhouses year-round use.

Assignment:

Bear essay on the topic:

1. "Growing lettuce in the winter-spring and fall turnover."

2. "Growing Peking cabbage."

3. "Forcing green onions in the winter greenhouse."

4. "Growing radish, parsley and dill in a winter greenhouse."

Rough Sketch essay:

- The importance of culture in human nutrition;

- Mode microclimate for growing seedlings (swing lettuce, Chinese cabbage);

- Preparing the soil for sowing and planting, sowing and planting;

- Preparation of mineral nutrition and how to apply mineral fertilizing;

- Mode microclimate for growing green crops;

- Harvesting, yield.

To the abstract attached table, which indicate climate regimes depending on the stage of plant development and the growing period.

Theme 5. Pests and diseases of vegetable crops and their control in greenhouse.

Purpose: To get to know the peculiarities of the system of protection of vegetable plants in greenhouses and deepen knowledge on biological methods of conservation, to grow clean vegetables.

Job.

1. Acquainted with the literature on diseases and pests of vegetable plants and their control, to make the card catalog.

2. Make a summary of the report message to the seminars:

- Diseases of vegetable plants, common in greenhouses;

- Pests of vegetable plants in greenhouses;

- A system of preventive measures in greenhouses;

- Quarantine and organizational and economic measures to combat pests and diseases in greenhouse;

- Agronomic measures to combat pests and diseases in greenhouses;

- Chemical measures against pests and diseases of vegetable plants in greenhouses;

- Biological protection against pests and diseases in greenhouse.

The traditional Russian school career education was directed to the development of diligence respect to labor, the development of practical skills, expanding horizons Polytechnic, an introduction to the world of trade. On the accumulation of experience in this field, the existing training material resources and trained teaching staff became the basis of the educational field "Technology", developing a new level of technical education students with the national traditions of labor training.

Educational areas "Technology" is a necessary component of general education students. The educational area "Technology" synthesizes scientific, technical, technological and economic knowledge. Discloses methods for their use in various fields of human activity.

The modular structure of the content of the educational field "Technology" optimizes thematic elements and their volume in the training courses. In addition, block-modular approach ensures the continuity of the transition of students from general manufacturing to specialized education in high school to professional education, employment.

Special technological or professional training of students is carried out on the basis of school training and production workshops, inter-school training centers, academic departments (sections), vocational schools, organizations and agencies with appropriate material and technical base.

As a rural school traditionally taught as technology industrial and agricultural production, for the students of these schools, according to the seasonal work in agriculture are combined programs, which include sections on agricultural technology, as well as basic and sections on technology technical labor or service work. Comprehensive curriculum in a particular school is in this case given the seasonality of agricultural work in the region.



CONCLUSION

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 29 December 2001. № 1756 - p approval of the Concept of modernization of Russian education until 2010., In upper secondary school provides specialized education, the aim is to create "a system of specialized training (Special Education) in the upper secondary school focusing on individualized learning and socialization of students, including taking into account the real needs of the labor market, the completion of flexible profiles and senior high school cooperation with institutions of primary, secondary and higher education. "

As a result of this work can be concluded that the main idea of renovation upper secondary general education is that education is to become more personalized, functional and efficient. Many years of experience has shown that the education system should be created for implementation of the training of their interests, abilities and future (post-secondary) of plans. Case studies show that the majority of students (70%) prefer to "to know the basics of the main subjects, and in-depth study only those who are chosen to specialize in them." In other words, profiling study in high school, the structure of the education of attitudes most students.

The most important issue is the organization of vocational training structure determination and direction of profiling, as well as models of the organization of school education. It should be taken into account on the one hand, the desire to more fully take into account individual interests, abilities, aptitudes students (this leads to the creation of a large number of different profiles), the other - a number of factors which constrain a largely spontaneous differentiation of education: the introduction of the Unified State Examination , approval standard of general education, the need to stabilize the federal list of textbooks, provision of school education according to teachers and other staff

According to the order of the Russian Ministry of June 16, 2004. № - 2757. "On approval of the plan - the schedule for the preparation and introduction of preventive education in upper secondary general education, and the schedule of training of educators in terms of administration of school education" with the 2003/04 academic year. , The first stage of the experiment. At this stage, being tested approaches to organizing preprofile prepare students 9th grade.

The experiment tested different ways out of the Russian school to a new level of quality of education, providing "training multiple personality citizens, orienting in the traditions of Russian and world culture in the modern system of values and the needs of modern life, capable of active social adaptation in society and independent life choice to enter the workforce and continuing professional education, self-education, improvement.

The traditional Russian school career education was directed to the development of diligence respect to labor, the development of practical skills, expanding horizons Polytechnic, an introduction to the world of trade. On the accumulation of experience in this field, the existing training material resources and trained teaching staff became the basis of the educational field "Technology", developing a new level of technical education students with the national traditions of labor training.

Educational areas "Technology" is a necessary component of general education students. The educational area "Technology" synthesizes scientific, technical, technological and economic knowledge. Discloses methods for their use in various fields of human activity.

The modular structure of the content of the educational field "Technology" optimizes thematic elements and their volume in the training courses. In addition, block-modular approach ensures the continuity of the transition of students from general manufacturing to specialized education in high school to professional education, employment.

Special technological or professional training of students is carried out on the basis of school training and production workshops, inter-school training centers, academic departments (sections), vocational schools, organizations and agencies with appropriate material and technical base.

As a rural school traditionally taught as technology industrial and agricultural production, for the students of these schools, according to the seasonal work in agriculture are combined programs, which include sections on agricultural technology, as well as basic and sections on technology technical labor or service work. Comprehensive curriculum in a particular school is in this case given the seasonality of agricultural work in the region.



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4. Marchenko AV Handbook of technology teachers. - Moscow: AST, 2008 - 431 p.

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