Meat productivity of turkeys of hybrid converter cross when introducing the probiotic complex "Likvafid" to the diet
The effect of water-soluble probiotic complex Liquafid on the meat performance of Hybrid Converter cross turkeys. Experimental substantiation of increasing the mass and yield of turkeys, reducing their mortality and improving the quality of products.
| Рубрика | Сельское, лесное хозяйство и землепользование |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 03.07.2023 |
| Размер файла | 21,6 K |
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Meat productivity of turkeys of hybrid converter cross when introducing the probiotic complex «Likvafid» to the diet
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Kotarev
Lyudmila Viktorovna Lyadova
Daniil Andreevich Belousov
Abstract
probiotic meat productivity turkey
The article presents the results of studies of the effect of the water-soluble probiotic complex Likvafid on the meat productivity of turkeys of Hybrid Converter cross. The production experiment was carried out in the conditions of Krivets-Ptitsa LLC, Dobrovskiy rayon, Lipetsk region. Feeding with the water-soluble probiotic additive Likvafid was carried out for 1 to 60 days of life of turkeys, based on a concentration of 50 g per 1 ton of water. The poultry were weighed weekly and their livability was recorded. Control slaughter was carried out on day 98. As a result of the use of the water-soluble probiotic additive Likvafid, the mass of turkeys increased. Output increased. Poultry mortality decreased. Product quality improved.
Keywords: poultry farming, turkeys, probiotics, live weight, productivity.
Main part
Acknowledgments: the study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No. 20-316-90010
Industrial poultry farming in Russia occupies one of the leading positions in the agricultural sector. Providing the population of the country with safe products of the highest quality is a priority. The production of poultry meat products fully supplies the citizens of our country with high-class animal protein, which is essential for maintaining human health.
One of the priority areas is turkey farming. The dietary properties and taste of turkey meat are superior to those of other poultry, it is richer in protein, has a balanced amino acid composition and contains more vitamins.
To enhance the ability of the turkey industry to compete in various markets, it is necessary to produce high quality products, paying special attention to environmental safety and economic efficacy: low feed costs per unit of growth, meat maturing rate, high meat quality and industry mobility [10]
Intensive production can lead to stressful states of the poultry, which affects health, leads to an imbalance in the digestive system of turkeys, a decrease in the body's resistance, and consequently, the productivity of poultry, and a deterioration in meat quality [1-5, 12].
Disruption of the digestive system is one of the main problems observed in growing turkeys. In order to prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases, to combat pathogenic microorganisms, feed antibiotics, acidifiers and other chemicals are used [13, 14, 16].
Antibiotics harm both pathogenic and normoflora, increase the cost of post-cycle therapy to restore the normal functioning of the body. They also tend to linger in the resulting livestock products, which reduces its consumer safety. An alternative to antibiotic therapy is the use of probiotics, which stimulate the development of beneficial microflora of the digestive tract, and are used in the treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, help to improve digestive processes, help the poultry body to adapt to non-protein nitrogenous substances and diets with a high energy content, as a result of which the absorption efficacy of feed nutrients increases, resistance and the productivity of poultry also increase [6-9, 11, 15].
The objective of our research was to study the effect of the water-soluble probiotic complex Likvafid on the meat productivity of turkeys of Hybrid Converter cross.
Material and methods
A production experiment to determine the effect of the water-soluble feed additive Likvafid on the productivity of turkeys of Hybrid Converter cross was carried out in the conditions of Krivets-Ptitsa LLC, Dobrovs - kiy rayon, Lipetsk region. Two groups of 12 000 birds were formed: experimental and control. Studies were conducted on turkeys in the period from 1 to 98 days. Both groups received balanced feed of the same composition corresponding to age requirements. Drinking of the water-soluble probiotic complex Likvafid lasted for 1 to 60 days based on the concentration of 50 g per 1 ton of water.
Birds were weighed weekly and the records of livability were carried out. Control slaughter was performed on day 98. Ten animals were selected from each group. Anatomical and morphological analysis of carcasses was carried out in the laboratory of the Research Center of FSBSI «ARVRIPP&T».
The obtained data were processed in the Statisti - ca v6 program.
Study results
When assessing the meat productivity of poultry, such parameters as live weight, absolute, average daily weight gain are taken into account.
The use of the probiotic water-soluble feed additive Likvafid had a positive effect on the productivity of turkeys (Table 1).
Table 1. Zootechnical indicators
|
Age |
Group |
||
|
control |
experimental «Likvafid» |
||
|
Absolute weight gain, g, for 98 days |
12 640 ± 97.7 |
13 440 ± 73.83*** |
|
|
Absolute average daily weight gain, g |
128.97 |
137.14 |
|
|
Average feed consumption per 1 bird in total, kg |
31.05 |
29.76 |
|
|
Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain, kg |
2.45 |
2.21 |
* р< 0.05
** р< 0.01
*** р< 0.001
Live weight is the main feature by which the amount of meat in poultry of any age is determined. The weight gain in the turkeys of the experimental group was higher than in the poultry of the control group by 6.3%.
Feed consumption per unit of production reduced. In the Likvafid group, per 1 kg of live weight gain, feed costs were by 9.8% lower than in the control group. Feed consumption per bird was on average by 4.2% lower.
The use of probiotics affected the livability of poultry. Thus, in the experimental group, the mortality of poultry was lower than in the control group by 6.7% (Table 2).
Table 2. Livability of turkeys
|
Indicators |
Group |
||
|
control |
experimental «Likvafid» |
||
|
Number of poultry at the experiment onset |
12 000 |
12 000 |
|
|
Number of poultry at the end of the experiment |
10 575 |
11 372 |
|
|
Livability, % |
88.1 |
94.8 |
|
|
Meat productivity index, kg |
4.7 |
5.9 |
To display the meat productivity of poultry in a single indicator, the meat productivity index is used, which takes into account the ratio of optimal feed costs per kilogram of weight gain to actual costs, live weight before slaughter and livability. The meat productivity index of turkeys in the experimental group was higher than in the control group by 25.5%.
Important indicators of productivity are the weight of the uneviscerated carcass (slaughter weight), the weight of the semieviscerated carcass (the weight of the carcass without blood, feather, the intestines with the cloaca and the goiter have been removed from it), the weight of the eviscerated carcass (the weight of the carcass without blood, feather, head, legs, wings to the elbow joint, in which all internal organs were removed, except for the lungs and kidneys).
The use of the water-soluble probiotic complex Likvafid in the diet of turkeys of Hybrid Converter contributed to an increase in the pre-slaughter weight by 6.3%, the weight of the uneviscerated carcass increased by 12.3%, the slaughter yield - by 5.2%, the weight of the eviscerated carcass - by 8.6%, the slaughter yield to the eviscerated carcass was higher by 2.1%, compared to the control samples (Table 3).
Table 3. Weight and yield of carcasses during cutting
|
Indicators |
Group |
|||
|
control |
experimental «Likvafid» |
|||
|
Preslaughter weight, g |
12 690 ± 135 |
13 490 ± 98*** |
||
|
Weight of uneviscerated carcass, g |
11 670 ± 97.30 |
13 105 ± 98.75*** |
||
|
Slaughter yield of uneviscerated carcass, % |
91.96 |
97.15 |
||
|
Weight of eviscerated carcass, g |
9010 ± 67.80 |
9861 ± 64.50*** |
||
|
Slaughter yield of eviscerated carcass, % |
71.00 |
73.10 |
||
|
Yield of carcasses, birds |
1st category |
6 |
10 |
|
|
2nd category |
4 |
0 |
*** р< 0.001
To characterize the quality of products, the inspection and assessment of eviscerated carcasses was carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31 473-2012.
According to the results of the inspection, 6 carcasses of the 1st category and 4 carcasses of the 2nd category were found in the control group. In the experimental group, all samples of carcasses were assigned to the 1st quality grade. The anatomical cutting of carcasses, in which the pectoral and leg muscles, and internal organs were separated, showed a positive effect of the probiotic on building muscle mass in turkeys and organ masses (Table 4).
In the experimental group, the weight of the legs exceeded the control values by 15.7% (p< 0.001).
The use of the probiotic complex Likvafid contributed to an increase in the weight of the pectoral muscles of poultry by 18.9% (p< 0.001), relative to the control samples.
The mass of the internal organs of the turkeys of the experimental group was higher than the control samples.
Thus, the results of the analysis showed that the weight of the liver of turkeys of the Likvafid group was higher than that of the control poultry by 15.7% (p< 0.05).
The mass of the heart increased by 19.4%, gizzard stomach - by 3.4% (p < 0.05). The ratio of turkey size and organ mass was within acceptable limits. The increase in organs was not a pathology, but was explained by a proportional increase in relation to the size of the experimental poultry.
The composition of the water-soluble probiotic additive Likvafid contains bacteria of the genus Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, producing digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease, pectinase and cellulase) necessary for the body to digest and fully assimilate feed.
Bacteria of the genus Bacillus subtilis have a high level of phytase production, which contributes to maintaining the calcium-phosphorus ratio at an optimal level.
Thus, the use of the probiotic additive Likvafid improved the digestibility of feed nutrients due to the action of the bacteria included in its composition, which was reflected in the productivity of the poultry.
Table 4. Anatomical cutting of carcasses
|
Indicator |
Groups |
Turkey leg |
Breast |
Heart |
Liver |
Gizzard stomach |
|
|
Weight, g |
Control |
2670 ± 47.32 |
3050 ± 68.70 |
41.3 ± 4.8 |
148.6 ± 8.2 |
171.3 ± 1.3 |
|
|
Experimental group «Likvafid» |
3089 ± 51.24*** |
3628 ± 54.15*** |
49.3 ± 1.0 |
171.9 ± 4.8 |
177.2 ± 1.8* |
||
|
Yield to live weight, % |
Control |
22.46 |
26.40 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
|
|
Experimental group «Likvafid» |
22.89 |
26.89 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
||
|
Yield to eviscerated carcass, % |
Control |
29.63 |
33.85 |
0.5 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
|
|
Experimental group «Likva - fid» |
31.32 |
36.79 |
0.5 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
р< 0.05
р< 0.001
The conducted studies allowed us to assess the effect of the water-soluble multifunctional feed additive Likvafid on the productivity of turkeys of Hybrid Converter cross.
The average daily weight gain increased by 6.3% relative to the control, the feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain decreased by an average of 9.8%, and the livability increased by 6.7%. The index of meat productivity was higher than in the control group by 25.5%.
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No. 20 - 316-90 010.
References
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