Tourism development in Kazakhstan

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Tourism development in Kazakhstan



Introduction

tourism recreational international

International tourism is currently one of the most dynamically developing branches of foreign economic activity. The steady growth of the impact of tourism on the world economy as a whole and on the economies of individual countries and regions is one of the most significant, permanent and long-term trends, which accompanies the formation and development of the world economy. It becomes obvious transformation of tourism into a major independent sector of the national economy.

The development of inbound and domestic tourism - a priority programs of the government of Kazakhstan, as the tourism and travel sector is one of the leading exporters: Guests entering directly involved in the injection of foreign currency into the country's economy and development of domestic tourism allows you to leave public finances in countries.

Kazakhstan with its unique natural resources and unique culture of the nomadic people has a huge untapped potential for tourism development at the international and regional markets.

The tourism potential of recreational resources and historical and cultural heritage allows Kazakhstan to integrate into the international tourism market and achieve rapid development of tourism in the country. This will ensure steady growth in employment and incomes, stimulate the development of the tourism-related industries and increase the inflow of investments into the national economy.

Relevance of the topic. The relevance of this project lies on the fact that tourism in Kazakhstan is one of the priority sector of the economy.

The object of the term paper is tourism in Kazakhstan.

The subject is problems and prospects of development of tourism in Kazakhstan.

Coal of work is to identify the prospects of tourism development in Kazakhstan.

For achievement of a goal it is required to solve the following objectives:

- to review the current state of development of the tourism industry;

- to analyze the problems the industry is facing in its development;

- to analyze the tourism market in Kazakhstan.

While writing this work scientific methods of research such as observation, measurement, description, comparison, and analysis were used. The course work consists of an introduction, main body, which consists of 3 chapters, conclusion and references. Graphical design includes 3 figures and 8 tables.



1. Features of the tourism market in Kazakhstan

1.1 Geography of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh. Sound Kazakhstan Respublikasy, also known as the «Land of the Great Steppe» (Kaz. Uly Dala Eli) a state in the heart of Eurasia, most of which are in Asia, and smaller in Europe. Located between the Caspian Sea, the Lower Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, China and Central Asia.

By the territory Kazakhstan takes 9th place among the nations of the world (2 724.9 thousand km²), the 2nd place among the CIS countries (after Russia). Location: on the eastern edge of the delta of the Volga River in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east of the West Siberian Plain and the southern tip of the Urals in the north to the Tien-Shan mountain system and the Kyzylkum desert in the south.

It is bordered on the north and west with Russia - 7548.1 km in the east - with China - 1782.8 km in the south - with Kyrgyzstan - 1241.6 km, Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan 2351.4 km - 426.0 km. The total length of land borders - 13,392.6 km. Washed by the waters of the inland Caspian and Aral seas. Kazakhstan is the largest country that has no access to the world's oceans.

The administrative-territory of country is divided into 14 regions and 2 cities of republican status, they are Astana and Almaty, as well as the city of Baikonur, which is leased by the Russian Federation until 2050 and status of the city of federal importance of the Russian Federation. Economic and geographically divided into Central, Western, Eastern, Northern and Southern regions.

The Republic of Kazakhstan - a unitary state with a presidential form of government. The President is the head of state and the Supreme Commander.

Kazakhstan consists of 14 regions, 86 cities, including 3 cities of republican subordination (Astana, Almaty and Baikonur), 168 districts (8 regions in the cities), 174 village.

Climate is sharply continental and it is exceptionally diverse. The average January temperature is increased from -18° C in the north and east to -3° C in the southern part of Kazakhstan. The average July temperature rises to 19° C in the north to + 28° C, 30° C in the south.

The Republic of Kazakhstan provides almost all existing types of tourism such as cognitive, entertaining, ethnic, environmental, health, children, sports, hunting, horse riding, adventure. For tourists here offered over 700 travel routes across the territory of Kazakhstan.

According to the geographical position of Kazakhstan it is a unique region of the CIS. Being in the center of the Eurasian continent, it is a special natural complex that absorbed the brightest examples of the landscape of both parts of the continent. In addition to mountain tourism in Kazakhstan was created impetus for the development of ecotourism. Beluga, Marble Pass, Ulytau, waterfall Kok-Kol, Kazygurt, Burhatsk pass - these are just a brief list of attractions of the mountainous part of Kazakhstan, which is visited annually by hundreds of outdoor enthusiasts from near and far abroad. But, of course, one of the main natural symbols of the republic is considered to be the northern part of the mountain massif Tien Shan, or Zhetysu (Seven Rivers), as the locals call it.

The northernmost mountain chain of Kazakhstan's Tien Shan is Ile Alatau. The length of the mountain range is 400 km. In Ile Alatau the most popular climbing routes are located in the Small Almaty gorge glacier Bogdanovich. The main attractions of these places are: Glacier Pogrebetsk (4231 m), passes Tuyuk Su (4100 m), Ordzhonikidze (3980 m), the Komsomol (4000 m), Manshuk Mametova (3750 m) peaks Locomotive (4182 m), Amangeldy (4000 m), Abay (4010 m), Shkolnik (3590 m) and others.

1.2 Recreational zones of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is country with a unique culture and rich historical past life, so it is not surprise that one of the areas of tourism in the region is the ethno-tourism region. One of the iconic sights of Zhambyl region is Berkara Gorge, located on the territory of the state reserve Berkara. In the gorge there are 504 of the mound, 4 of which is according to historians are belongs to ancient saks period. In addition, there is an opinion that the lands of the present Berkara reserve once stopped Genghis Khan with his great army.

In addition to the specific historical monuments that characterize the life of the Kazakh people, in a number of cities in the country there are so-called ethnographic parks, that the largest of which is the ethno-memorial complex «Atameken» located in the city of Astana. «Atameken» - a unique open-air museum. On the map there are 14 provinces and 2 cities - Astana and Almaty. Here to the attention of tourists presented climatic zones and landscapes of the country as well as in a miniature form of the main city attractions and historical monuments of Kazakhstan. The territory of the ethno-memorial complex is 1.7 hectares.

Another focus of the tourism industry of the country which in recent years received a significant boost to development is boating. The largest number of reservoirs is concentrated in the south-east of the country in the region with a symbolic name Zhetysu - Seven Rivers. Almost all the rivers of Zhetysu belong to the basin of Lake Balkhash. Very popular among tourists (both domestic and foreign) of these rivers are: Or, Sharyn, Koksu, Karatal and Shylek. Or is formed from two rivers - Tekes (Kazakhstan) and Kunges (China).

In order to create an attractive tourist image of Kazakhstan in the global tourism market here have been designed targeted programs to promote the tourist potential of Kazakhstan. It provides participations in international tourism forums, exhibitions, fairs, posting and broadcasting advertising videos on leading TV channels of the world as well as conducting info-tours for representatives of foreign media and production of advertising and information products.

Hardly realised that the proportion of GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan have increased from revenues from tourism. This figure is almost on par with the performance of Kyrgyzstan and Germany.

In 2000, the share of tourism in the republic's GDP was 0.02%, while in 2013 this figure has already reached 0.3%.

The number of foreign citizens visiting Kazakhstan in 2013 increased comparing with 2012 by 11 percent it means 6.8 million versus 6.1 million.

More often from CIS countries come to Kazakhstan citizens of Uzbekistan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, from foreign countries - the citizens of China, Turkey, Germany.

Increase in the number of our fellow citizens traveling abroad is in 2013year 10.1 million people comparing with 9.06 million people during the same period in 2012 (an increase of 12%). From foreign countries China, Turkey and the UAE are popular in Kazakhstan.

The index of domestic tourism in 2013 is 3.5 million meaning is an increase of 7.3%. Number of accommodation facilities in 2013 amounted to 1678 units, from which there are 41 197 rooms with the one-time capacity of 92,053 beds.

They served 3.3 million people and rendered services worth 59.7 billion tenge. The volume of services on the arrangement grew to 11.6% compared with the same period last year.



2. Analyse of tourism state in Kazakhstan

2.1 State regulation in the sphere of tourism in Kazakhstan

The main principles of state regulation of tourist activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan are:

- promotion of tourism activities and creation of favorable conditions for its development;

- Define and support priority areas of tourist activity;

- Forming a representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a country favorable for tourism;

- Security and protection of the rights of tourists and tourist organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan and their associations as well as the protection of their interests and property.

The main objectives of state regulation of tourist activities are:

- ensuring the rights of citizens to rest and the freedom of movement in the field of tourism activities;

- Environmental protection;

- Enabling activities for the upbringing, education and rehabilitation of tourists;

- The development of the tourism industry, ensuring the needs of citizens in the commission of travel;

- To create new jobs and increase incomes of the state and the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the development of the tourism industry;

- The development of international tourism contacts.

Priority directions of state regulation of tourist activities are:

- Development of tourism as a highly profitable sector of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

- Account the public interest, the protection of natural and historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Kazakhstan through using the tourist resources;

- Introducing favorable conditions for the organization of tourist and excursion activities among children, adolescents, youth, the disabled and poor people;

- To create favorable conditions for investment of the tourism industry;

- Support and development of tourist organizations involved in inbound and domestic tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan;

- The establishment of an effective system of tourist activities to meet the needs of domestic and international tourism.

State regulation of tourist activities is carried out by:

- determination of policy on the development of the tourism industry and investments in tourism;

- Adoption of normative legal acts aimed at improving the relations in the sphere of tourist activity;

- The licensing of tourist activity, standardization in the field of tourist activity in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on licensing;

- Budget allocations for the development and implementation of state programs for the development of tourism in accordance with the budget legislation;

- To facilitate staffing tourist activity;

- Facilitate the participation of domestic tourists, tour operators and travel agents and their associations in the international tourist programs;

- Assist in the promotion of the tourist product in the domestic and international tourist markets;

- To ensure the rational and efficient use, registration and protection of tourist resources of the country.

The system of state regulation of the development of tourism can be represented by the following components:

- The subjects of regulation;

- State bodies and public organizations;

- Formation of a unified state policy regulating the development of tourism;

- Methods of state regulation;

- Instruments of state regulation

Table 1. Structure of state regulation of tourism in Kazakhstan

№	Year	Name of office	Number of model
1	Until 1989	Goskomtourist USSR	3
2	1989-1992	Central Office of Tourism was absent	4
3	1992-1993	Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Kazakhstan	2
4	1993-1994	State Committee of Kazakhstan of Tourism, the Committee of Youth, Physical entertainment and Tourism	3
5	1994-2006	The State Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan of Physical entertainment and Tourism	3
6	2006-2012	The Ministry of Tourism and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan	2
7	2012	The Agency of Sports and Physical Education - Office of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan	3

Agency of Sport and Physical Education of Republic of Kazakhstan is Office of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan which is the central executive body that manages and within the limits provided by the legislation, inter branch coordination in the field of tourism, gambling, physical entertainment and sports.

Today the President of the Agency of Tourism and Sport of the Republic of Kazakhstan is Arystanbek Muhamediuly.

Also it performs an important role:

- Tourism Board

- Tourist Information Centre.

Tourism Board is established as a consultative body under the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The council consists of representatives of the Tourism Authority and the authorized state bodies concerned as well as representatives of associations and other associations in the field of tourism activity.

Tourism Board:

- Develop proposals for the development of tourism, attracting investments in this sector of the economy, to ensure favorable treatment to enter the Republic of Kazakhstan and the creation of conditions for the departure of tourists abroad, formation of tourist image of the country, training in tourism activities;

- For the purpose of informing consumers about the quality of tourist services is the rating services of persons carrying out tourist activities, according to the approved order them.

Tourist Information Centre is an organization that establishes the government and (or) regional administrative (city of republican status, capital), created for the development and dissemination of information about Kazakhstan and its tourist potential, promotion of tourist product on the international tourist market and within the state as well as to creating conditions for the development of new business entities, scientific and methodological support in the area of ??tourist activity.

State regulation of tourist activity is carried out by:

creation of normative legal acts aimed at improving the relations in the tourism industry;

assist in the promotion of the tourist product in the domestic and international tourist markets;

protection of the rights and interests of tourists, ensuring their safety;

licensing and standardization of the tourist industry, the tourist product certification;

establishing the rules of entry in Kazakhstan, exit from the Republic of Kazakhstan and staying on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and taking into account the interests of the development of tourism;

direct budget allocations for the development and implementation of federal target programs for the development of tourism;

create favorable conditions for investment in the tourist industry;

tax and customs regulation;

concessional loans, the establishment of tax and customs incentives to tour operators and travel agents involved in the tourist activities on the territory of Kazakhstan and attracting foreign nationals to engage in tourism in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

staffing promote tourist activities;

development of scientific research in the field of tourism industry;

facilitating the participation of Kazakh tourists, tour operators, travel agents and their associations in the international tourist programs;

providing cartographic products;

other methods used in the manner prescribed by the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Specific differences of the modern model of the state regulation of the development of tourism on other sectors of the economy is that the industry involved in the regulation of civil society organizations represented tourist associations.

The license in the Republic of Kazakhstan issued for each of the following types of tourism activity:

- Tour operator;

- Travel agency;

- Tourism services of instructor

In Kazakhstan until 1994 hotel classification carried out in accordance with the «Regulations on referring the ranks of hotels and rooms in hotels to the category.» In accordance with this Regulation of all the hotels were divided into seven categories: «Luxury», «A class,» «B class», 1, 2, 3 and 4 category. Motels were divided into five categories: «A class»,» B class», 1, 2 and 3 categories.

In 1994, in accordance with GOST 28681-90 «Standardization in the field of tourist-excursion service» was developed by the «Regulations on the criteria for classification of hotels,» under which the recommended implement the French classification system - the stars (from one to five hotels, from one to four - for motels).

In general in Kazakhstan it can be taken as a basis for the classification of the following hotels:

- Standard double room should be about 8-10 square meters. In the room there should be wardrobe or rack, chairs, sink, mirror, two towels for each guest. Daily cleaning, linen change should take place every 7-8 days, towels - every 3-4 days. At least two bathrooms on the floor and one toilet for no more than five rooms.

- All the same as in the hotels of 1 *, except only a change of linen every 6 days. Toilet and bathroom are usually in the room. There in the hotel should also be a restaurant or a cafe which offers a variety of dining options.

- From 3 * hotels and above in each room there must be toilet and a bathroom, a dressing table, luggage rack, radio, etc. Rooms which are mostly three-star hotels, except the cheapest, should have a TV, air conditioning. The floors in them, as a rule, are tiled. Linen change 2 times a week. Towels are changed daily. From perfume accessories offered only soap. In some hotels, you can borrow an iron. At the hotel there should be located: parking, pool (Resort), a restaurant, a hair salon, a business center, currency exchange. The hotel staff should be dressed in designer clothes, having a separation of services. Rooms size should be between 10-12 square meters.

- All hotels of 3 *, plus as a rule, mini-bar, individual air conditioning, telephone, safe, hair dryer, shampoo, bath gel in every room (which are usually issued on the day of arrival). Daily change of linen and towels. It provides services such as laundry, ironing and dry cleaning service (with a minimum time of the order - day). Price list can be found on the reception. The room is served with breakfast menu. At the hotel there are a beauty salon, fitness center, car rental, TV room, music room, games and meeting rooms, restaurant, sauna, swimming pool, etc. Rooms area usually is not less than 13 square meters.

- Same as in 4 * hotels, but the quality is in better level. Also in these rooms there can sometimes be a second bathroom and a telephone in the bathroom. Room size is not less than 16 square meters.

The Hotel 4 * and 5 * assumes an apartments, several elevators, all kinds of additional services such as laundry, dry cleaning, feed breakfast and late dinner in the room and currency exchange, taxi service, sale of newspapers, souvenirs, etc.

Table 2. Number of placements in Kazakhstan, places

Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Number	1149	1235	1494	1494	1526	1678	1776

As seen from the graph the number of placements in Kazakhstan every year becomes more and more and if we will not encounter any financial difficulty this trend will continue.

2.2 Key indicators of development of the tourism market in Kazakhstan

Study of the main indicators of the tourism market shows that despite some financial growth of tourism enterprises, the level of tourism development in Kazakhstan is currently not high.

The paper found that the activities of tourist firms are faced with many problems, the main ones are: the instability of the tax policy, the high competition in the market of tourist services, the lack of support from the state, the lack of own funds, consumer insolvency.



Table 3. The main problems of the tourism market in Kazakhstan

Problem	Content issues
Low quality of Kazakh products	The lack of a service culture in the Kazakh resorts do not allow to sell the tourist product
Low professionalism	Lack of practical and theoretical knowledge, a low level of training of managers of tourist companies
Integrity of foreign partners	Careless attitude to Kazakh tour operators from foreign partners
Lack of information about the situation in the regions of Kazakhstan	The lack of development of interregional links, objective information about the specific needs of the regions of Kazakhstan. Lack of information on the dynamics and characteristics of demand among different groups of regional consumers
The low level of market culture relations	The extremely low level of business communication between travel agencies aimed at the joint solution of problems of market
Bias in the media	The obvious partisanship of a number of specialized tourist editions of individual operators. Biased and unreliable information
No clear positioning of travel agencies	Permanent reorientation of tour operators in the various customer segments. In the market there is no clearly defined positional structure of the sentence, when it is known that the company is only in this segment
Poor drafting regulatory and legal framework	Lack of adequate and legislation at the state level, optimizing the relationship between the companies in the market of tourist services

Tourism market has unique factors of competitiveness as opposed to the commodity market and the need for further research; Republic of Kazakhstan legislature should take a supplement to the existing regulations governing the tourism market, taking into account its features.

The paper found that Kazakhstan starts to develop a network of organizations that provide tourism services in the form of creation and promotion of tourist products. However, the participation of travel agencies is limited to only a small share in the organization of tourist flows. An important problem of travel agencies are the low professionalism of staff and the lack of legally-designed public policy to support the tourism industry.

Tourist companies are forced to compete fiercely with each other in the off season and for the development of large tourist flows in peak season must have spare capacity of the numbers of rooms. This leads to the establishment and operation of large corporate structures - tourist and hotel complexes (THC). Unlike Western corporate structures of this type, the personnel in the THC is not seasonally hired and is constantly working. This leads to high costs for employees, which in some cases exceed all limits.

Note that most of the enterprises in the tourism sector such as logistics systems are available.

Without any doubt that the Republic of Kazakhstan is growing rapidly in a market economy, but mainly developing the oil and steel industries, as for tourism, it is still only at the stage of the protracted inception. The entire infrastructure of the service sector and tourism remains at that level, which was founded during the Soviet Union, and unfortunately did not develop, and if they develop some individuals, but it does not state. The state, of course, tries to develop various programs for the development of tourism in the country, but for their implementation, few answers. Anyway, in order to develop Kazakhstan as a strong region for tourism is necessary to start to improve the infrastructure, simplify the rules of crossing the border or at least to establish a clear job migration service. Along with old hotels to infrastructure deficiencies include older vehicle base unprofessional organization of catering services, a lack of qualified personnel.

Of particular discomfort for the tourists is the inaccessibility of the resort areas and iconic historical sites, undeveloped tourist infrastructure. So in many tourist facilities are not provided parking, the elements of roadside service is not thought out the basic signs and pointers are no visitor centers in places where tourists. And this is a problem even for a healthy person, not to mention the availability of places for persons with disabilities.

Along with these problems matters worse mismatch price and quality of service. Prices of domestic sanatorium, resorts and hotels are forced to choose destinations not in favor of the domestic market. Relax in the neighboring countries more attractive because of the price factor, not exotic of these countries, because the cost of pastime there, including transportation and meals, cost in half, and then half the price than we do.

Therefore, to address these issues, we consider it necessary to use all available resources of the state, especially the ministry, resources development institutions, the National Chamber of entrepreneurs, public organizations and business entities.

Depending on the degree of state involvement in the management and financing of the tourism industry, as well as changes in the depth of regulatory and legal framework, there are three scenarios of development. The entire infrastructure of the service sector and tourism remains at that level, which was founded during the Soviet Union, and unfortunately did not develop, and if they develop some individuals, but it does not state.

Table 4. Location of Kazakhstan in the structure of the world, macro-regional and sub-regional tourism markets

Main indicators for the last year (2009)	Values of indicators	Place of Kazakhstan in the structure of tourist market
		world	Macro-region (Europe)	Sub regional (Cen. and East Europe)
The number of arrivals of foreign tourists, million	3,118	1	1	5
				After Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia
Income from inbound tourism, million dollars	963	1	1	7
				After Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland
Expenses of outbound tourism, million dollars	1,105	1	1	6
				After Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Poland
Balance in hand of tourist balance, million dollars	-142	1	1	2
				After Latvia

Based on data from the table, we can conclude that the tourist market of Kazakhstan is emissive.

The current state of the domestic tourism industry clearly shows its focus on foreign markets, even the Kazakh consumers not to mention the attraction of foreign tourists to our country. Over 60% of the tourist activity takes outbound tourism and only about 6% falls to inbound tourism. So, first of all, we need to fight for domestic buyers of tourist services, to create a positive balance in the sector. Experience is.

After all, tourism, as an independent branch there since the independence of the state.

In the ranking of countries according to the Index of competitiveness of the sector of travel and tourism in 2013 (Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index 2013), published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Switzerland has kept the first place. The second and all subsequent positions occupied Germany, Austria, Spain, UK, USA, France, Canada, Sweden and Singapore included in the top 10 in the ranking of competitiveness. Rounding out the list of 140 countries of Burundi, Chad and Haiti.

Kazakhstan during the period from 2011 to 2013, rising to five positions, took 88th place. The indicators characterizing the state of the environment, tourism, communication system and communication.

The rankings take into account criteria such as local laws, the level of environmental protection, safety, health and hygiene, all kinds of services air and land transport, infrastructure, tourism industry, price indices, human resources and culture of the state.

Given the low level of the domestic industry and its inherent high cost, Kazakhstan tourists prefer to vacation abroad. The leaders in the field of tourism, Turkey (in 2012 came to 380 thousand. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which represented 50% of total tourist traffic), Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, as well as the island of Crete. Many tourists who have higher incomes visited resorts in Europe.

According to the data of 2011, the scope of domestic tourism was involved no more than 190 thousand. Man. The occupancy rate of hotels (in late 2011) was 25.8%. Experts pointed out that in recent years a slight upward trend.

It is quite obvious that the country is no complete system of tourism. Develop individual sectors, almost unrelated, each of them has its own shortcomings, gaps and at the same time the positive aspects.

In order to overcome existing shortcomings, in particular the limited information you need, you should ensure the presence of Kazakhstan in numerous international exhibitions, timely issuance of printed materials, distributing booklets, guides through the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other states. So, it should be noted that in 2012 in Almaty was opened tourist information center, created two informational desk - at the airport and in the office. The experts noted that «millions of the city which has a reputation as the cultural capital of Kazakhstan, is very little. It seems that, in principle, urban infrastructure is not designed to attract foreign visitors.»

Considerable potential for tourism development is linked with the exhibition EXPO 2017. According to experts of the department of tourism in Almaty, its main task - to attract many visitors. For the organization of this event requires major investments made in the preparation of the exhibition and hotel facilities that require the creation of at least a thousand jobs. Arrived in Astana, guests can get acquainted with the culture and traditions of Kazakhstan, of the master craftsmen (Panorama, 2013, March 8).

By the obstacles to the existing in the country is considerable potential, should be attributed, firstly, the high price levels for all services, including transportation, hotel and restaurant; Second, the low level of state control travel agencies, which is accompanied by the uncontrolled nature of their activities; Third, the lack of development of transport and hotel infrastructure; Fourth, weak research base for research in this sphere; Fifth, the lack of professional staff; Sixth, the imperfection of the legislative and economic incentives for inbound and domestic tourism in the state and local level; seventh, minor range of services offered; Eighth, the territorial remoteness of the country; Ninth, the unresolved visa problems and a number of others.

As the practice of formation and development of tourism in recent years in the Republic of Kazakhstan is actively formed business, and wild horse tourism (mountain Hantengri and Ile Alatau). Among the obstacles: high prices for services, including domestic flights, low level of service and others. Virtually developed a number of other types of tourism.

To overcome this tendency in the field of tourism are being developed various options for projects aimed at comprehensive development of domestic tourism and a significant increase in important ways (Table 5, Figure 2).

Table 5. Number of served tourists

Years	Residents	Non-residents
2004	154885	31367
2005	210692	39872
2006	255626	45789
2007	286691	62117
2008	231070	37937
2009	193951	31246
2010	261709	36640
2011	375923	36096

According to the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan in tourist activity in 2011 was engaged in 1567 tourist organizations, which served numbers of tourists about 375000. The growing number of tourists in the past period is due, above all, an increase compared with the corresponding period last year, the number of entering (11.9 times) by issuing and extending visas, excursions and additional services and leaving (2 times), and as growth in the number served by domestic tourism. In 2011, due to the growth of business activity of structural divisions of local executive bodies in charge of tourism, and the heads of tourist organizations received an increase in the number of tourists served in Akmola (13630 people, or 18.7%), East Kazakhstan (14399 people, Or 72 5%), Zhambyl (2240 people, or 34.1%), Pavlodar (3641 people, or 22.2%) regions and Almaty (27.2%) and Astana (19.6%), and in particular the Kyzylorda region (2006g. - 1069 persons.) is almost 2 times higher than in 2008year is 457 people. At the same time 28.6% decline in the number of tourists served in Kostanai region. The total volume of services rendered achieved a significant increase in the proportion of inbound, outbound and domestic tourism. At the same time it increased the number of visits from countries outside the CIS. In 2009 it amounted to 51.3% of total arrivals (in 2008, 95.5% in 2005, 68.45%). The majority of tourists came to the republic from Germany (19213 people), USA (2106 pers.), China (2190 pers.), United Kingdom (1337 pers.). The tendency of growth of outbound tourism. At 18.6%, or 10,189 persons has increased its volume compared with 2009. Outbound tourism activities inherent in all areas of tourism organizations. Average number of days of living in countries outside the CIS in 2009 amounted to 3-4 days. The most visited Kazakhstan tourists still are Turkey (16 952 people, or 25.6%), China (16 778 people, or 58.2%), Germany (9360 people, or 70%), UAE (2991 people, or 4.9%). The number of domestic tourist destinations decreased by 0.98 times and made 36000. 096 people (in 2010 - 36640 people). The decline of this index allowed in Atyrau, Zhambyl and Karaganda regions. A particularly sharp decline in the share of domestic tourism occurred in the Almaty region. If in 2010 on domestic routes in the area it was served 1422 tourists, in 2011 only 317.

Depending on the degree of state involvement in the management and financing of the tourism industry, as well as changes in the depth of regulatory and legal framework, there are three scenarios of development.

It is expected that without additional state investment in infrastructure over the planned, large-scale projects without direct government participation, and without creating public operators on project management, the growth of new jobs in tourism will be about 50-60 thousand in 2020. At the same time, private investment in the tourism industry will amount to about 2 billion. Dollars. United States, while the share of tourism in GDP will be around 1%.

At the same time, the infusion of additional infrastructure investment by the state in the amount of up to 800 mln.USD. United States, will attract an additional 1.3 billion. USD. US tourist infrastructure through PPPs. In the presence of operators on specific projects, taking into account the agreed changes to the legislation, the script will create by 2020 to 150-170 tys.rabochih places attract 4-4.5 billion. USD private investment and increase the share of tourism in GDP to 1.5%.

In the most favorable scenario, the additional investment in the infrastructure of the state amounted to 1.5 bln. USD. United States, which will stimulate investment of up to 2 bln. USD. United States under the PPP. At the same time, the state will set up a single operator to manage projects in the tourism sector in the form of a national company, and all the necessary amendments to the legislation will be introduced in full. In this case, the number of new jobs will be 270-300 thousand, Private investment will amount to 6-6.5 billion. The United States, while the share of tourism in GDP will rise to 3%.

We understand that the development of tourism and the individual projects co-investors need. An important measure of the state in terms of attracting investment in tourism would be to provide tax incentives, soft loans and conduct amnesty of capital. A similar program was implemented in 2009 in Turkey. Thanks to the amnesty of capital in the Turkish tourism infrastructure invested about 60 billion. USD., Of which 28 billion. Dollars. The funds that Turkish companies held abroad. The offer of amnesty of capital in the tourism industry is not included in the draft Concept of this issue, please submit for discussion.

The list agreed with the interested state bodies the necessary regulatory changes to the existing legal framework includes measures such as the simplification of the visa regime, which can ensure the growth of the flow of foreign tourists into the country and reduce the cost of the tourist product; development of domestic and social tourism through the implementation in organizations and enterprises a mechanism to encourage workers with permits to relax in the country by issuing certificates of tourism. This measure will have a significant social impact.

Table 6. Cost of sold vouchers

Years	Cost of tours sold, thousand KZT
2003	2447104,6
2004	3472507,0
2005	4596021,4
2006	7466655,7
2007	13890745,9
2008	1692684,1
2009	1928103,7
2010	19400430,7
2011	22233751,9

In 2011, revenue from the operation of hotels in the whole Republic amounted to 10,491,982.5 thousand KZT. Compared to 2010, in January-September (8,087,170.6 tons) in the corresponding period in 2011, an increase of income from the operation of hotels and other places of residence of 2.9% or 2404811.9 thousand KZT. Most profits from the hotels in 2011 received 1,702,783.2 thousand KZT. in Atyrau, Mangistau 415,078.3 thousand KZT, 311,933 thousand KZT. Karaganda, East Kazakhstan 275,301.4 thousand and Aktobe 254,586.1 thousand KZT, areas of Almaty - 5186368.9 thousand and Astana -1,552,185.3 thousand KZT. Income tourist organizations from their activity is due, above all, the growth of tourism, whose share was 54.5%, which is 44% more than in 2010. Domestic tourism amounted to 55.7% or 54.9% more than the previous year, while outbound tourism amounted to 18.6%, which is 10% more than the previous year. The highest income received tourist organizations of cities of Astana and Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Mangistau, Almaty, Atyrau and Pavlodar regions. Income from activities of Kazakhstan tourist organizations for 2011 by types of tourism amounted to 22,233,751.9 thousand KZT.

In the current conditions it is necessary to determine the priority directions of development of the tourism industry with taking into account the unique features of Kazakhstan and the extent of their demand. On the basis of tourism and sport in the Republic of assistance of the World Tourism Organization marked areas that are most promising for both internal and for tourism. One of them was the environmental tourism. It was isolated regions with the resources for this kind of Tourism, through which also runs the route of the Silk

Road: Almaty, Zhambyl, South Kazakhstan, East.

Kazakhstan and Akmola oblast. Especially in Almaty the region is now implementing a program of tourism development for 2004 2010. For the development of ecotourism area has a unique set of natural diversity: Kolsai lake, river Or, Sharyn canyon, Ash Grove, Singing Dunes,

National Park «Altyn-Emel», Ile Alatau mountains.



3. Ways of development of tourism in Kazakhstan

3.1 The development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan

The objectives of the Kazakh for foreign trip:

- Recreation, leisure - 57%;

- Cultural and educational - 23%;

- Visiting friends and relatives - 15%;

- Other - 5%.

Analyzing the data, we can conclude that the growth trend, but they are insignificant, given the potential of domestic natural resources. Presented quantitative indicators show that the tourism industry has undergone in recent years, the principal structural and substantive changes.

Kazakhstan will be the prospects of tourism development only if the decision has not only tourist-oriented, but also socio-economic problems of the population.

Country leaders of inbound tourist flow:

- Germany;

- USA;

- China;

- United Kingdom;

- Russia.

Country leaders outbound tourist flow:

- Turkey;

- China;

- Germany;

- Russia;

- UAE.

One of the major factors affecting the development of international tourism are air transportation of passengers. At present, the republic operate regular flights of airlines Six CIS countries («KLM», «Lufthansa», «British Airlines», «Asiana Air Arabia», «China South Airlines», «Turkish Airlines»). National air carrier «Air Astana» regular flights to Turkey, Germany, China, South Korea, Thailand, the United Kingdom, India, United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands.

Currently, Kazakhstan has airports with access to international air transportation, in the cities of Astana, Almaty, Aktobe, Atyrau, Karaganda, Kostanay, Pavlodar, Petropavlovsk, Semipalatinsk, Taraz, Uralsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shymkent.

According to statistics in 2011, air transport services benefited 248,578 (57.1%) of tourists.

In recent years, rail transport is a popular means of transportation, most of the population of the republic due to more affordable ticket prices.

According to statistics, in 2011, used the rail 87615 (10.27%) of tourists.

On the territory of Kazakhstan are 132 route passenger trains his own formation. Including suburban trains ply on 69 routes; in the local traffic - 49 in interstate - 11 international - 3. Also, through the territory of Kazakhstan as transit routes 17 passenger trains forming the CIS countries.

According to statistics, in 2011, took advantage of the services of intercity buses 87615 (20.1%) of tourists, other land means - 53765 (12.36%) of tourists. The development of inbound and domestic tourism - a priority programs of the government of Kazakhstan, as the tourism and travel sector is one of the leading exporters: Guests entering directly involved in the injection of foreign currency into the country's economy and development of domestic tourism allows you to leave public finances in countries. As the graph shows, inbound tourism is on the rise in post-crisis period, where the lowest point in the 834.2 thousand. people., was the I quarter. 2010 year, and by 2013 figure increased by 58% amounting to 1322.5 thousand. It should be noted that the growing economic activity of the country, where there is the main stream of tourists in Kazakhstan, also contributes growth of tourism indicators. In addition, the general interest in the Kazakhstan also called measures to build the country's image, its recognition, and recognition in different sectors of the global economy. The continuing trend of growth as the number of visits Kazakhstan citizens abroad, the number increased by 12.2% compared to the same period of 2012 and amounted to 2105.3 thousand. trips. As before leaving the main motive was the purpose of relaxing in vacation time.

The development of inbound and domestic tourism - a priority programs of the government of Kazakhstan, as the tourism and travel sector is one of the leading exporters: Guests entering directly involved in the injection of foreign currency into the country's economy and development of domestic tourism allows you to leave public finances in countries. As the graph shows, inbound tourism is on the rise in post-crisis period, where the lowest point in the 834.2 thousand. people., was the I quarter. 2010 year, and by 2013 figure increased by 58% amounting to 1322.5 thousand. It should be noted that the growing economic activity of the country, where there is the main stream of tourists in Kazakhstan, also contributes growth of tourism indicators. In addition, the general interest in the Kazakhstan also called measures to build the country's image, its recognition, and recognition in different sectors of the global economy. The continuing trend of growth as the number of visits Kazakhstan citizens abroad, the number increased by 12.2% compared to the same period of 2012 and amounted to 2105.3 thousand. trips. As before leaving the main motive was the purpose of relaxing in vacation time.

A rational and careful use of natural resources contributes to the development in the country of almost all types of tourism. Today, promising areas in Kazakhstan are presented ski, resort-recreational, health and medical, ecological tourism. At the same time the country is virtually no environmentally safe place not only for leisure but also for living, as often people will bring ecological environment to a critical state.

In the area of long overdue serious systemic problems that need to be addressed at all levels of government. For example, you can highlight key deficiencies hindering the development of inbound and domestic tourism in Kazakhstan:

- high prices for all kinds of transport, hotel and restaurant services. In addition, the high cost of transport services, primarily flight, increases the cost of the tourist product of Kazakhstan and, accordingly, reduces its competitiveness on the international market;

- weak state control of the tourism sector. After the abolition of licensing of travel agencies to monitor tourist activities become more difficult, which leads to spontaneity and uncontrollability of many travel agencies;

- low level of development of transport and hotel infrastructure. At this level of infrastructure development is significantly inflated prices in order to obtain greater profits from the minimum number of tourists;

- weak research base to study tourism. There is no basis for the integrated forecasting, long-term planning, the territorial organization of tourism;

- lack of professional staff in the field of tourism. A small number of competent guides who are interested in promoting tourism in the country;

- imperfection of the legislative and economic incentives for inbound and domestic tourism in the state and local level;

- insufficiently qualified service organization of tourists, which creates a negative image as a specific tourist center as well as the country as a whole;

- shortcomings in the policy of the state and local authorities to create a positive image as a country attractive for tourism;

- Poverty range of services offered;

- Lack of a comprehensive marketing strategy to promote domestic tourism.

Kazakhstan is undoubtedly attractive for foreign tourists and the local population, but the constraints preventing the full development of tourism in the country.

It is necessary to be realistic about that tourism in Kazakhstan as one of the economic activities will not bring those revenues that are expected from a specialized government agencies. We should not underestimate the capabilities and an industry that, with proper and rational direction can bring good income, thereby improving the resource base of domestic tourism.

Given the state of and trends in the tourism industry in Kazakhstan, to solve problems, it is proposed:

- strengthen practical significance to apply existing profile scientific institutions that deal with issues of forecasting the development of an integrated and territorial tourism organizations, have been working on the assessment of tourist and recreational resources, develop scientific principles of tourism, including some of its species, and management;

- create conditions for recreation and as a result, economic recovery due to the profitability of tourist sites. This will ensure steady growth in employment and incomes, stimulate the development of the tourism-related industries;

- develop a system of state regulation and support of tourism by improving the legislation on the development of inbound and domestic tourism, to simplify registration procedures;

- establish cooperation of various ministries in the development of domestic tourism, as a solution to this problem requires a comprehensive approach from the point of view of science, culture, education, health care;

- improve the quality of transport and hotel services in accordance with the requirements established by the system of technical regulation;

- avoid causing great harm to the environment and the safety of tourists and local residents to raise the cultural level of the population and responsibility for environmental damage;

- In order to popularize and promote tourism to publicize information about travel companies on TV, the Internet, the media; create a single online magazine with complete information on tourist services in each region. Active exchange of information will enable the exchange of recommendations between travel agents.

All these activities will contribute to the further development of both domestic and inbound tourism, which ultimately will lead to a significant increase in the attractiveness of the national tourism product and Kazakhstan's integration into the global tourism market.

Creating an attractive domestic tourist product, rich variety of basic and additional services, should be an important objective of development of the Kazakhstan tourist market.

3.2 Trends of tourism market development in Kazakhstan

Trends:

- Support for the poorest part of the population in the realization of the right to rest;

- development of amateur (sports) tourism;