Tourism development in Kazakhstan

- tourism products matching market demand and was in demand on both the domestic and international market;

- development of cultural tourism in the Kazakhstan segment of the Silk Road and is closely associated ecological and adventure tourism;

- promotion of Kazakhstan's tourism products to the markets of developed countries;

- development of tourist image of Kazakhstan through a variety of advertising and promotional activities;

- improving the system of regulation of tourist activities;

- reduction technique statistics of tourism services in line with international standards;

- development of training and skills development in the tourism sector; development of international cooperation in the field of tourism;

- measures to ensure the protection of the environment and preservation of cultural heritage;

- Improve information management systems.

Kazakhstan, possessing considerable potential for the development of the most important industry in its creation has started relatively recently, miss and time, and are available in the country large resources. As you know, in the state are many unique nature reserves and national parks, more than 9 thousand. Archeological and historical monuments, hundreds of medical and health institutions. Experts are paying particular attention to the northern part of the Great Silk Road. Many years ago, the city of Otrar, Sairam, Syganak, Sauran, Turkestan provided as centers of trade. Historians say such historical monuments as the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, referring to the late XV - beginning of XVI century, the construction of Aisha-Bibi and Babaji Khatun (X-XII centuries), the mausoleums of Karahan and Daudbeka and other sacred places, which open to tourists new regions. (Business Kazakhstan, 2012, May 4).

The major monuments of culture have, and other regions of Kazakhstan. For example, in Akmola region are the famous resort «Burabay» natural systems are known as «Zerenda», «Sandyktau», «Yermentay», «Korgalzhyn Nature Reserve». There are three national parks - «Burabay», «Kokshetau» and «Buiratau.»

The resort Borovoe operates 74 tourist firms, annually participates in international tourist exhibitions Kazakhstan in Almaty and Astana. Each year more than one million population during the summer months - over 500 thousand., Including 70% - citizens of Kazakhstan, 10-15% - citizens of Russia, 5-6% - foreigners from other countries come to these places to rest. Every year comes the 13-15 foreign delegations. Kazakhstan's industry leadership periodically organizes info-tours.

In connection with the start of winter recreation only recently started developing ski tourism, which required the construction of large ski lodges. In Schuchinsk - Burabay resort area is already functioning established by the decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan special economic zone «Burabay» area of 370 hectares, built highway Astana - Burabay, the construction of the road to Petropavlovsk, the Russian border, reconstructed airport Kokshetau, the reconstruction of power supply systems, wastewater, approved the general plan of the Schuchinsk-Burabay resort zone. Erected a large hotel, entertainment and sports complexes. The project will last for 12 years. Turkish investors are engaged in construction of the first 5-star hotel on the shores of Shortan Lake.

Many experts acknowledge the lack of tourism domestic competition, the insufficient development of the sector, the existing gaps in legislation and inadequate attention to the tourism industry of the local executive bodies and a number of other problems.

There is evidence that in 2012 Katonkaragay District was visited by 1.3 thousand. People, while Urjar District (Lake Alakol) arrived 82 thousand. Tourists. A similar situation occurred in Abai district, where the literary-memorial reserve-museum «Zhidebay-Borili.» The level of attendance was 186 people. In Beskaragai areas with salt lake Shoshkaly, 109 tourists visited. Many monuments, protected natural territories present a limited number of visitors. One reason: the lack of staff units to coordinate work in the field of tourism.

For the development of the cluster program is being developed by the three major projects: the Irtysh River - Buktarma reservoir - Zhaysan Lake; Caton-Karagay - Markakol Lake; Ridder - Anatai - Ivanovo mountains. And it is expected to create two additional clusters: Alakol Lake and Families - Tour Sary-Arka. Each of them requires special attention.

Alakol Lake (translated from Kazakh «Motley lake») - a unique location at the intersection of Almaty and East Kazakhstan regions. The water is salty, with a high content of minerals. It has therapeutic effects and black pebbles on the shore. The water is very warm. In the central part of the lake is an archipelago of three islands on which the Alakol State Nature Reserve. The island Araltobe, and is the only place in the world, relict gulls nest, listed in the Kazakhstan's Red Book. On the plateau of the canyon Zhamanty a gallery of petroglyphs, radon Zhalanashkol lake with healing sulfurous mud. During the summer season, tourists are invited to visit the foot of the mountain Zhabyktau (final section of Zhetysu Alatau), to visit the North Spit. Despite the many advantages of this tourist area, it also has significant drawbacks. First of all, it is the poor quality of roads with the length of 670 km. Despite the fact that the main event of the season in June 2013 became a charter train Almaty - Dostyk, ensure the delivery of tourists to the resort, all of this does not solve the problems. Among them: convenient for rest and shelter homes, fresh food, children's playgrounds, equipped beaches, and so on.

In Aktau (Mangistau region) to discuss the project construction of an international resort «Kenderli 'experts have started in 2009-2010. However, only in April 2013, representatives of the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies presented a system development plan of the resort, as well as the program of tourism development in the Republic of Kazakhstan till 2020. In West Kazakhstan Cluster «Caspian Coast», located about 200 km from the regional center, including a number of tourist facilities. Planned construction of 4 thousand. Villas, 23 modern hotels. Among the proposed measures: the formation of special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea, the abolition of barriers to migration and visa control, and others. However, the growing problems with water and electricity, environmental degradation of the natural environment, do not dare to question the stable operation of treatment facilities, poor quality of road surfaces, which generally prevents the development of tourism. Nevertheless, local construction company has already started construction of external engineering infrastructure.

On the territory of the Mangistau region is a unique set of «Aktau-City», which includes housing, shopping and entertainment, medical, educational, business centers, leisure and entertainment industry, a network of hotels, beach resorts, enterprise training, maintenance and implementation of oil and gas projects. Experts believe that such a project is created in the country for the first time. It was emphasized that it is designed to meet the needs of the population, identified as a result of numerous surveys conducted in Kazakhstan, Russia and abroad, designed for different categories of tourists, including family recreation and youth. This is a significant achievement in the development of infrastructure. Implementation of the two largest facilities in the West Kazakhstan region in tourism attract many holidaymakers.

By the development of the tourism industry started late, and the South-Kazakhstan region. In 2012 it was visited by only 115 tourists from abroad, although only the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi officially visited by about 800 thousand. People a year, many of them foreign nationals. Unfortunately, many travel agencies prefer to send their nationals abroad, given the poor quality of local roads, infrastructure, level of service.

On the territory of this region is home to many historic monuments: the Mausoleum Arystan women, Otrar (a year ago to Baidibek failure was paved road highway), next to the mausoleum Domalak Ana, sacred springs. However, in the tourist area, they used very little, in the absence of the necessary road only a few tourists have the opportunity to reach the necessary facilities.

The authorities who lead this field, believe in the rapid establishment of the Tourism SKO. It is assumed that the main points of the tourism cluster will focus on four areas: Tolebi, with ski slopes; Sairam, which will develop the cognitive, ethnic tourism; Turkestan - the spiritual capital of Kazakhstan and Saryagash mineral water and health resorts. However, while this project has not yet come.

The share of domestic tourism in the GDP, according to 2012 was 0.3%. Although the pace of tourist activity in recent years has increased, the level of employment is growing, though the industry is far behind many developing countries. In the near future the country needs to make every effort to significantly accelerate the growth dynamics, to improve their position in the world ranking. However, many unresolved issues constrain the scope of domestic tourism.

Travel outside the country in recent years, the most actively developed. The number of Kazakhs traveling abroad from 2005 to 2010 increased from 3 million. People to 7.4 million. Meanwhile, to create a full-fledged industry has the potential, government agencies and private entities should make considerable efforts to ensure the development of all of its destinations.

According to data for the years 2010-2011, the structure of tourist activity the proportion of domestic tourism fell from 35.4 to 32.2% in the overall structure of tourist services, outbound - increased from 56.4 to 62.1%.

In 2012, according to the Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, on the domestic tourism market has been served by 3 thousand. Fewer customers than in 2011. In 2012, this figure fell to 186.4 thousand. People. During 10 months of 2012 the share of domestic tourism was less than 18.6% of inbound - 31.4%, outbound - 50%. This demonstrates the growing dynamics of the Kazakh people travel out of the country.

Conclusion

The Republic of Kazakhstan has objective prerequisites for greater access to the world tourist market. The main tourism products in Kazakhstan are a variety of natural resources, historical and cultural heritage. An analysis of statistical and empirical data shows an increasing interest in tourist products in Kazakhstan and positive trends in the development of tourism.

The main goal of the development of tourism in Kazakhstan is to create environmentally and socially oriented highly profitable and competitive tourism industry that can meet the needs of tourists in a variety of tourism services, bringing the country's income and new jobs, including in the tourism-related sectors of the economy. The role of the international tourism in the economy of Kazakhstan is determined by the degree of achievement of this goal.

The tourism industry in Kazakhstan is able to maximize its competitive advantages in the market concentration of effort on specific types of tourism and target markets. The most competitive and attractive species are:

- resort and recreational tourism;

- Mining and adventure tourism;

- Tourism on the Silk Road;

- business tourism.

Most experts confident that Kazakhstan is far from full use of their potential for tourism development and meanwhile extensive international experience shows that tourism industry is one of the most promising sectors of the economy. The growth of tourism should occur mainly due to the emergence of new visited areas, as traditional areas of the world tourism market has reached the limit of recreation capacity. In this regard, Kazakhstan has a unique opportunity to find its niche in the global tourism market.

Tourism in general has a positive effect on the three

the state's economy:

- the inflow of foreign currency

- has a positive effect on such economic indicators such as the balance of payments and total exports

- help to increase employment.

Among other problematic issues in the tourism industry need to

note such as:

- The predominance of small travel agencies that do not have

human and logistical resources, not promotes investments in the industry tourism;

- Underdevelopment of transport infrastructure. Small the number of both regular and charter foreign flights. Tourism development is limited to high transportation costs. None specialized transport enterprises for tourist activity. Also, do not set up a system e-booking and travel planning;

- Inconsistency with international statistics standards and the lack of an integrated objective account the economic effects of tourism activities;

- Inconsistency of the modern world standards education and training of qualified personnel for the tourist industry;

- Low level of financing for development of tourism in regions and others.

Tourism really aspires to become the third profitability of the industrial sector in Kazakhstan. Today, experts estimate that one of the major constraints the development of tourism in Kazakhstan is the lack of the necessary infrastructure.

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