The process of strengthening the foundations of socio-political institutionalization

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan

The process of strengthening the foundations of socio-political institutionalization

Hasanli Emin Ph.D. Student

After the restoration of Azerbaijan's state independence in 1991, the political and social situation in the country was very tense. Although the decision was made to establish the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, it remained only on paper. The chaos and arbitrariness created by the government at that time had a negative effect on army building. While the enemy continued to occupy our lands, our armed forces served the interests of individuals and groups. This deplorable situation in our army has resulted in the occupation of 20 percent of our lands and the expulsion of about one million of our citizens. However, our people, who have always made the right and decisive decisions in the most difficult moments, once again showed their will and brought their eternal leader back to power. It was with the return of national leader Heydar Aliyev to power that the foundation of a new stage in the direction of state and army building was laid. One of the historically significant events in the strengthening of the Azerbaijani statehood was the signing of the “Contract of the Century". This historic event, on the one hand, meant that our countryjoined the ranks of new strategic allies, and on the other hand, increased the risks of provocative forces around our country. At the end of the twentieth century, he was able to convince the world of the irreversibility of Azerbaijan's independence. This stage also required consistent and rapid foreign meetings. On this eve, the Great Leader laid the foundation of Azerbaijan's diaspora activities with his bilateral and multilateral diplomatic meetings. After the people saw their savior in political power again, their confidence in the tradition of statehood increased. The article analyzes the processes of state building. Research is carried out using comparative, historical methods. Attention is paid to the state policy in relation to youth, a pragmatic political course. The article examines the successful policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Attention is paid to the priorities of socioeconomic, military-political development. The modern ideological foundations of national unity are analyzed. The region compares the dynamic development of our country. The research was carried out on the basis of comparative, induction, deductive, systemic, general logic, methods.

Key words: independence, statehood, Heydar Aliyev, Azerbaijan, youth policy.

Процес зміцнення основ суспільно-політичної інституціоналізації

Гасанли Емін докторант

Академії державного управління при Президентові Азербайджанської Республіки

Після відновлення державної незалежності Азербайджану в 1991 році політична і соціальна ситуація в країні була дуже напруженою. Хоча рішення про створення Збройних сил Азербайджану було прийнято, воно залишилося лише на папері. Створений тодішньою владою хаос і свавілля негативно вплинули на армійське будівництво. Поки ворог продовжував окупувати наші землі, наші збройні сили служили інтересам окремих осіб і груп. Ця жалюгідна ситуація в нашій армії призвела до окупації 20 відсотків наших земель і вигнання близько мільйона наших громадян. Проте наш народ, який завжди приймав правильні та рішучі рішення у найважчі хвилини, знову виявив волю та повернув до влади свого вічного лідера. Саме з поверненням до влади загальнонаціонального лідера Гейдара Алієва було закладено початок нового етапу у напрямку державного та армійського будівництва. Однією з історично значущих подій у зміцненні азербайджанської державності стало підписання «Контракту століття». Ця історична подія, з одного боку, призвела до того, що наша країна поповнилася лавами нових стратегічних союзників, а з іншого - підвищила ризики провокаційних сил навколо нашої країни. Наприкінці ХХ століття він зміг переконати світ у незворотності незалежності Азербайджану. Цей етап також вимагав послідовних і швидких закордонних зустрічей. Напередодні своїми двосторонніми та багатосторонніми дипломатичними зустрічами Великий Вождь заклав основу діяльності азербайджанської діаспори. Це посилило солідарність азербайджанців у всьому світі. Після повернення до політичної влади Великий Вождь надихав людей, які стали біженцями та внутрішньо переміщеними особами. У статті аналізуються процеси державного будівництва. Дослідження проводять за допомогою порівняльного, історичного методів. Приділено увагу державній політиці щодо молоді, прагматичному політичному курсу. У статті розглядається успішна політика Азербайджанської Республіки. Приділено увагу пріоритетам соціально-економічного, військово-політичного розвитку. Проаналізовано сучасні ідеологічні основи національної єдності. Регіон порівнює динамічний розвиток нашої країни. Дослідження проводилось на основі порівняльного, індукційного, дедуктивного, системного, загальнологічного, методів.

Ключові слова: незалежність, державність, Гейдар Алієв, Азербайджан, молодіжна політика.

Introduction

Preserving state independence is a more painful and difficult process than gaining it. At such a controversial and complex stage, the salvation of the state depends on patriotic leaders. Although Azerbaijan declared its independence in 1991, it was in fact formal until mid-1993. After the election of the national leader as head of state in October 1993, the process of ensuring the legal and political-economic sovereignty of independent Azerbaijan was further accelerated. First of all, the national leader worked hard to restore socio-political stability in the country, neutralized illegal armed groups, and established socio-political stability in society as the most important factor leading to the socio-economic growth of the republic. Coups were prevented, Azerbaijan was saved from the threat of civil war. Complex measures have been taken to restore the territorial integrity of our independent state and prevent attacks by the Armenian armed forces, and to build an army to preserve the country's independence. By correctly defining the strategic tasks and goals facing the republic during the transition from one socio-economic formation to another, the great leader successfully tested the experience of the world's leading countries and created a model of development course adequate to the reality of Azerbaijan.

During the difficult times of that period, the flow of investment into the country accelerated. The living conditions of refugees and IDPs have improved. After the return of National Leader Heydar Aliyev to political power, the solution of the following important issues began:

1. Elimination of internal political conflicts.

2. To stop the occupation policy of Armenia.

3. To ensure the living conditions of IDPs at the expense of internal resources and humanitarian aid.

4. To strengthen the military potential of the country.

5. Achieve a theoretical and practical victory in the transition to a new economic policy.

6. To mobilize the country's youth in the national state-building movement.

The purpose of this article is to compare patriotism, to explore new features of modern political development, to study the institutional basis of the historic victory of our country from a political point of view.

Analysis of recent publications. The publications such as «On the state, democracy and the rule of law: quotes from speeches and speeches», «Heydar Aliyev-The path to independence: selected ideas», «Heydar Aliyev-Personal position», «Heydar Aliyev-the state is for the people», «Heydar Aliyev and army building», «Heydar Aliyev and the peace process in the Caucasus», «Heydar Aliyev and the path to independence», «Heydar Aliyev's development strategy», «National ideology, statehood and independence», «Meeting of the President of Azerbaijan with the youth» [1], «The future of Azerbaijan» is in safe hands «[4],» In the world of wise words «[5],» Foreign policy: Realities and vision for the future «[6] are pre-written publications on the relevant topic. At the time of writing, these publications have been reviewed, but a new perspective has emerged. The structure and context of the article differ from previous editions. The main distinguishing feature is the analysis of Heydar Aliyev's state policy within social institutions. For the first time in Azerbaijan, an attempt was made to study the main factors of our historical victory from the institutional point of view from the theoretical and practical point of view.

Discussion

After World War II, the international community faced the problem of large-scale migration in Europe, and gradually began to create new categories and organizations to address this problem. Article 13 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to freedom of movement, residence, residence and residence within his country. Article 14 established the «right to seek and enjoy asylum in other countries.» Work on this minimalist foundation continued, and in January 1951 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) began its work. The International Convention relating to Refugees, adopted in the same year, defined the concept of a refugee as follows: “A refugee is a person who is ... is outside the country of citizenship due to substantial resources and is unable or unwilling to use the protection of that country; or without certain citizenship and, as a result of such events, being outside the country in which he or she normally resides, he or she cannot return there due to such resources.

The Additional Protocol, adopted in 1967, removed the spatial (only European) and time (until 1951) restrictions originally set out in the Convention. But conceptual limitations remained. The «refugee», which is a specific legal entity, did not apply to all internally displaced persons, but only to those who crossed the international border and came under the jurisdiction of another state. Although the refugee problem became a major issue after World War II, the humanitarian crises created by the so-called «civil wars» in the second half of the twentieth century made it clear that those forced to emigrate should also be considered. Only after the 1991 Gulf War and the conflicts that erupted during the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia did the UN finally define «IDPs» as a separate category. The UN Guidelines on Internally Displaced Persons, adopted in 1998 and an important statement on evolving norms, define this category as follows: A person or persons who are forced to leave or flee their homes or places of residence in order to escape and who do not cross an internationally recognized state border are called IDPs. ” While the “refugee regime” is defined by international law and is a clear object of action for the UNHCR, the “IDP regime” is based on norms and creates difficulties of legal uncertainty for organizations such as the UNHCR [10].

After the restoration of Azerbaijan's independence in 1991, the political and social situation in the country was very tense. Although the decision was made to establish the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, it remained only on paper. The chaos and arbitrariness created by the government at that time had a negative effect on army building. The article examines the period when our citizens lived as refugees and internally displaced persons for more than 25 years as a result of the Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan. Institutional changes are analyzed in both the military and socio-political spheres. It is investigated that over the years, the Azerbaijani state, while overcoming all the difficulties, has paid attention to the social factor - the human factor through institutional methods. Of course, this period combines many factors, the most important of which is to improve the living conditions of servicemen, civilians and civilians affected by this aggression. During this period, Azerbaijan has carried out systematic, institutional work in several important areas [9]. azerbaijan socioeconomic military political

While the enemy continued to occupy our lands, our armed forces served the interests of individuals and groups. This deplorable situation in our army has resulted in the occupation of 20 percent of our lands and the expulsion of about one million of our citizens. National leader Heydar Aliyev also started providing the disabled and martyrs' families with apartments and cars at the expense of the state. Thousands of Karabakh war invalids and martyrs' families have been provided with housing in the past. At the same time, along with the steps taken to rehabilitate and treat people with musculoskeletal disorders, important work has been done to provide them with cars. The President also issued a decree on the payment of tuition fees for children of war invalids and martyrs' families. National leader Heydar Aliyev, with his political foresight and extensive political experience, successfully passed each of the above stages and created a model of statehood in modern Azerbaijan [7]. One of the main ideological issues on the minds of the national leader during these stages was the desire to see the country's youth in a confident, organized process of nation-building. From the first days of his return to power, national leader Heydar Aliyev declared the regulation of legal, democratic principles of socio-political and economic processes in Azerbaijan one of the main tasks of the state and took important steps to develop democracy, protect and ensure human rights and freedoms.

During the working visit of our great leader to the United States in September 2000, the protection of the rights of the Azerbaijani people was discussed at the international conference organized by the American-Azerbaijani Chamber of Commerce in Washington. The great politician, wise and farsighted national leader HeydarAliyev said: «The United States is a democratic, just and humane state. If, according to the subjective opinions of individual deputies or congressmen, it is not possible to achieve a fair solution to this issue, then know that we have lost a lot here. But the United States is losing a lot, because it loses the image of justice. Because there can be no young patriot who does not know our national values, traditions and history well. It was the great leader's great commanding ability and political genius that mobilized the difficult paradigms of such an era [6, 120].

On the other hand, the fact that Azerbaijan was at war made it clear that a one-time change in this system was a great risk. Demonstrating his great commanding ability, the national leader Heydar Aliyev decided to carry out this process gradually. Extensive military cooperation has begun with Turkey, one of the world's leading countries in terms of the level of training of its army and a full member of NATO [5, 12]. This military cooperation is becoming more prominent in the field of military education. Thus, the transition of the Azerbaijan Higher Military School to the NATO military system in 1997 is a very clear example of this [4, 45]. Today, after the historic victory, our country attaches greater importance to army building. Because Azerbaijan has already become a key state in the security system of the region.

A young person who does not love his homeland, country, land, language, religion, national traditions, who does not consider them as a moral basis will not be able to find a place in life and, of course, will not be able to participate in the socio-political process). After gaining independence at the end of the twentieth century, Azerbaijan has achieved a number of important successes in building a modern, democratic, legal, social state, a stable market economy, a society based on civil values, and a worthy position in the modern world. From the historical point of view, these successes achieved in a short period of time are directly connected with the name of the national leader Heydar Aliyev, the savior of our people, who has a phenomenal personality, extraordinary management skills and rich life experience. The Great Leader believed in the youth of Azerbaijan and had high hopes. He noted that they had great tasks ahead of them, and their main task was to dedicate themselves to the development of the country, to the existence and perpetuation of an independent state [4; 4-5]. One of the factors determining the constant strengthening of Azerbaijan as a state is the existence of a military defense strategy. Army land plays a key role in creating a defense system. The foundations of Azerbaijan's military strategy were laid by the Great Leader Heydar Aliyev, and the victorious Supreme Commanderin-Chief Ilham Aliyev rose to its highest peak. Achieving the establishment of relations, the Great Leader Heydar Aliyev emphasized the importance of military cooperation with the world powers and the representation of Azerbaijan in the emerging international organizations. Azerbaijan has defined its foreign policy strategy on the basis of international legal norms and national interests. Thus, as stated in the country's constitution, Azerbaijan's foreign policy is a policy of peace.As a result of successful institutional policy, the state has been working for many years to improve the social situation of the families of martyrs and servicemen, and secondly, to improve the living conditions of IDPs, their housing and daily needs. successful social projects have been implemented. On the other hand, along with these social projects, Azerbaijan has successfully strengthened the army, and today it is this policy that has brought to the fore the practical implementation of the work of returning the affected citizens to their ancestral lands [8]. The Azerbaijani state has successfully continued these directions, and in the foreign policy platforms pursued by President Ilham Aliyev, the preamble of all measures has been based on the principle of liberation of Nagorno-Karabakh, expulsion of occupiers and return of IDPs to their native lands. Even during the oil era, when oil has become a top priority in world politics, the President declared oil revenues and energy issues the second priority after the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, emphasizing that the Nagorno-Karabakh problem is above all problems.

Along with the process of negotiations on the peaceful settlement of the Karabakh conflict, the process of army building has been successfully continued in our country. Also, our country has come a long way in the peaceful settlement of the war for many years. After achieving a long-term ceasefire, a number of reforms began in Azerbaijan. The state is taking a number of measures to provide jobs for refugees and IDPs [1]. The success of any peace process depends on public support. It is known that the international community still supported the «Coalition for Return» movement in Bosnia. The coalition was a civic body formed by members of opposition ethnic groups displaced from their homes. Their goal was to return to their lands and support each other's right to return together. Croatian and Serbian members of the movement prevented the politicization of the movement and prevented attempts by nationalist groups to join the organization for political manipulation. Such institutional tendencies show that the prevention of separatism and similar tendencies should be a priority of the political course of each state. In this regard, for the sake of regional security:

a) The issue of punishing the perpetrators of war crimes against civilians should be a fundamental preamble to the working principle of the United Nations;

b) The arms trade and arms imports of separatist tendencies and regimes with a similar military-political course should result in sharp international criticism and sanctions.

c) Relations with regimes mobilized to ideologically direct their citizens with separatist and neo-fascist tendencies should be reconsidered. For many years, our country has also pursued a policy of providing comprehensive care to our citizens affected by the war. Concessions to improve the living conditions of servicemen and families of martyrs affected by the enemy's aggression have accelerated the implementation of various social projects [2]. Along with the process of negotiations on the peaceful settlement of the Karabakh conflict, the process of army building has been successfully continued in our country. Also, our country has come a long way in the peaceful settlement of the war for many years. After achieving a long-term ceasefire, a number of reforms began in Azerbaijan. At the same time, to draw the attention of the international community to our country, to establish a system of democratic governance, to improve the legislation in accordance with the new criteria of lifestyle development were also issues to be addressed during this period. It was the great leader's great commanding ability and political genius that laid the foundation for successfully overcoming the difficult stage of such an era. The successful military-diplomatic policy tactics of the President, based on the ideas of the Great Leader, conditioned the liberation of our territories from occupation. The sovereignty of independent Azerbaijan was strengthened and its territorial integrity was restored.

Results

The article examines the issues of modernization of individual thinking in the context of new transformations taking place in our country in modern times in harmony with socio-cultural and ethical values. The article examines the on-going modernization, transformations, new management of the elite, the features of a complex transition in our country and concludes that important issues in modernization, as well as important aspects of sociocultural stereotypes of life in this process, require an integrated approach to the modernization of thinking. The article examines the on-going modernization, transformations, new behaviour, features of individual thinking in our country and concludes that important issues in management, as well as important aspects of sociocultural life stereotypes in this process.

Bibliography

1. Azarbaycan Prezidentinin ganclarla goru§u. Baki : Sabah, 1997, s. 26. (103 s. 5. Onlar galacayin ganclaridir. Baki: “Azarbaycan” na§riyyati, 2003, s. 377. (496 s.)

2. Azarbaycan gancliyi Azarbaycanin galacayi. Baki : “Azarbaycan” na§riyyati, 2003, s. 7. (143 sah.)

3. Azarbaycanin galacayi etibarli allardadir. Baki. “Azarbaycan” na§riyyati, 1999, s. 6. (152 sahifa)

4. Hikmatli sozlar alaminda. B, 1984. “Azarbaycan na§riyyati”, s. 22. (Sah. 132)

5. Mammadov N. Xarici siyasat: Realliqlar va galacaya baxi§ Baki, Qanun na§riyyati 2013, 262 s.

6. Azarbaycan elm tarixinda ilk ka§f qeyda alinib (Azarbaycan Respublikasinin Prezidenti Heydar Qliyev elma mustasna diqqat yetirmi§dir) // Azarbaycan. 2003. 12 oktyabr, https://azertag.az/xeber/AZARBAYCAN_ ELMININ_TARIXINDA_ILK_KASF_QEYDIYYATDAN_ KECHMISDIR-297807

7. Azarbaycan Milli Ensiklopediyasi. Baki : Azarbaycan, 2007. 883 s.

8. Azarbaycanin Dovlat Mustaqilliyinin 10 illiyina hasr olunmu§ “Suverenlik, demokratiya, dovlat i darapiliyi” elmi sessiyasinin materiallari (10 oktyabr 2001-ci il) / red. S.T.Qandilov va b. / Azarbaycan Respublikasinin Prezidenti yaninda Dovlat idarapilik Akademiyasi. Baki, 2002. 163 s.

9. Baxpaliyeva Govhar. Azarbaycanpunasliga tohfa (Azarbaycan Respublikasinin Prezidenti Heydar Qliyev milli elma genip ufuqlar apdi) // Azarbaycan. 2003. 26 fevral.

10. Bayramov Qabil. Heydar Qliyev va Azarbaycan tarixi elmi / elmi red. i. M. Huseynova. Baki : Tahsil, 2004. 264 s.

11. Ильенков Э. В. Диалектическая логика. М. : Мысль, 1998.

12. Muasir dovrda Azarbaycan-Turkiya amakdapligi. // Azarbaycan-Avropa alaqalari: aktual problemlar va amakdapligin asas istiqamatlari (elmi konfransin materiallari), Baki - $irvannapr 2005. S. 179-189.р

13. “ilham Qliyev AMEA-nin 70 illik yubileyina hasr olunmup umumi yigincaqda iptirak edib”, 09 noyabr 2015-ci il, https://president.az/az/articles/view/16703

References

1. Azarbaycan Prezidentinin ganclarla gorupu [Meeting of the President of Azerbaijan with the youth] Baku: Sabah, 1997. 103 p. [in Azerbaijani]

2. Onlar galacayin ganclaridir [They are the youth of the future] Baku: “Azerbaijan” publishing house, 2003. 496 p. [in Azerbaijani]

3. Azarbaycan gancliyi Azarbaycanin galacayi. [The youth ofAzerbaijan future of Azerbaijan] Baku: “Azerbaijan” publishing house, 2003. 143 p. [in Azerbaijani]

4. Azarbaycanin galacayi etibarli allardadir [The future of Azerbaijan is in safe hands] Baku. “Azerbaijan” publishing house, 1999. 152 pages. [in Azerbaijani]

5. Hikmatli sozlar alaminda [In the world of wise words \ Baku, 1984. “Azerbaijan publishing house”. P. 132. [in Azerbaijani]

6. Mammadov N. Xarici siyasat: Realliqlar va galacaya baxip [Foreign policy: Realities and vision for the future] Baku, Law Publishing House 2013. 262 p. [in Azerbaijani]

7. Azarbaycan elm tarixinda ilk ka§f qeyda alinib (Azarbaycan Respublikasinin Prezidenti Heydar Qliyev elma mustasna diqqat yetirmi§dir) [The first discovery in the history of Azerbaijani science was registered (exceptional attention paid to science by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev)]//Azerbaijan.2003.October12.https://azertag.az/ xeber/AZARBAYCAN_ELMININ_TARIXINDA_ILK_ KASF_QEYDIYYATDAN_KECHMISDIR-297807// [in Azerbaijani]

8. Azarbaycan Milli Ensiklopediyasi [Azerbaijan National Encyclopedia] Baku: Azerbaijan, 2007. 883 p. [in Azerbaijani]

9. Azarbaycanin Dovlat Mustaqilliyinin 10 illiyina hasr olunmu§ “Suverenlik, demokratiya, dovlat idarapiliyi” elmi sessiyasinin materiallari (10 oktyabr 2001-ci il) / red. S.T.Qandilov va b. / Azarbaycan Respublikasinin Prezidenti yaninda Dovlat idarapilik Akademiyasi [Materials of the scientific session dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the State Independence of Azerbaijan, «Sovereignty, democracy, public administration» (October 10, 2001) / ed. ST Gandilov and b. / Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan] Baku, 2002. 163 p. [in Azerbaijani]

10. Baxpaliyeva Govhar. Azarbaycanpunasliga tohfa (Azarbaycan Respublikasinin Prezidenti Heydar Qliyev milli elma genip ufuqlar apdi) [Contribution to Azerbaijan studies (President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev opened wide horizons for national science)] Azerbaijan. 2003. 26 February. [in Azerbaijani]

11. Bayramov Qabil. Heydar Qliyev va Azarbaycan tarixi elmi / elmi red. i.M.Huseynova [Heydar Aliyev and Azerbaijan history scientific / scientific ed. i.M.Huseynova] Baku: Education, 2004. 264 p. [in Azerbaijani]

12. Il'enkov Je. V. Dialekticheskaja logika [Dialogical logic]. M. : 1998. [in Russian]

13. Muasir dovrda Azarbaycan-Turkiya amakdapligi // Azarbaycan-Avropa alaqalari: aktual problemlar va amakdapligin asas istiqamatlari (elmi konfransin materiallari) [Azerbaijan-Turkey cooperation in modern times // Azerbaijan-Europe relations: current problems and main directions of cooperation (materials of the scientific conference)] Baku Shirvanneshr 2005. Р 179-189 [in Azerbaijani]

14. “ilham Qliyev AMEA-nin 70 illik yubileyina hasr olunmup umumi yigincaqda iptirak edib” [«Ilham Aliyev took part in the general meeting dedicated to the 70th anniversary of ANAS»] November 09, 2015. https://president.az/az/articles/view/16703 [in Azerbaijani]

Размещено на Allbest.ru