Політична участь жінок країн Центральної і Східної Європи у період системної трансформації кінця XX – на початку XXI століття (на прикладі Словаччини, Польщі, Росії)

В диссертации осуществлено комплексное исследование процесса трансформации политического участия женщин под воздействием разных факторов в форме сравнительного анализа. Методология исследования построена исходя из теоретических подходов к анализу политического представительства и участия женщин в органах власти, а также на основе концепции в рамках анализа представительства женщин в легислатурах, в соответствии с которой состояние политического участия женщин определяется комплексом социально-экономических, культурных и политических факторов.

Проведенный в работе статистический анализ тенденций политического участия женщин в Словакии, Польше и России продемонстрировал, что уровень социально-экономического развития, динамика общественной активности женщин, соответствующая культурная среда и политико-институциональные факторы являются важными механизмами, которые обуславливают уровень политического участия женщин в переходных странах.

Ключевые слова: Центральная и Восточная Европа, Словакия, Польша, Россия, трансформация, политическое участие, представительство, рыночные реформы, женское движение, репродуктивные права, избирательная система, партийная система, партийная идеология, традиционализм.

Surnina-Dalekorey O. The political participation of women in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the period of system transformation at the end of XX - the beginning of the XXI century (on the example of Slovakia, Poland, Russia).- Manuscript.

Thesis for the degree of candidate in the political science within the speciality 23.00.02 - political institutes and processes. - Ivan Franko Lviv National University, 2009.

In the thesis for the first time in the Ukrainian science the process of transformation of political participation of women under the influence of different factors in the comparative form is complexly analyzed. Main theoretical approach to the analysis of the political representation and the participation of women which have been formed in the modern political science comprise the methodological basis of the paper. Methodological basis of work also is made by the modern approach in the Western politological literature which explains political representation of women on the basis of the analysis of some socioeconomic, cultural and political variables. The western researchers find that socioeconomic factors (women's share of the labor force, women's education level, the level of economic development, strength of the women's movement), cultural factors (religion, ratification of U.N. convention, abortion rights) and the political factors (electoral system structure, left party government, degree of democracy) play a role in the accounting for the variation in the degree of gender inequality in the political representation around the world. The empirical basis of work is made by the wide circle of statistical materials. While working with it the author used the elements of the statistical analysis, and also computer methods of data processing (in a standard package SPSS).

The statistical analysis of the political participation tendenices of women carried out in research on the example of Slovakia, Poland and the Russian Federation has shown that level of socio-economic development, dynamics of public activity of the women, the proper cultural environment, institutional factors and the level of democratization of the country are the important factors which cause level of political participation of women in the transitive countries. However, an author makes the conclusion, that the domination of traditional social values in a society, can belittle value of positive properties of modernization in sphere of political empowerment of women. The considerable attention in work is given to the analysis of the level of activity of public participation of women of Slovakia, Poland and the Russian Federation. As a result of analysis, the potential of the public female organizations in the decision of a problem of female political representation is measured. Women nongovernmental organizations have appeared to be the most active subjects of lobbying of a question of political participation of women in all three investigated countries.

Empirical verification of the limits of influence of the institutional factors on political participation of women have discovered that women have higher indexes of representation in the bodies of power in those countries of CSE, where the electoral systems are based on a proportional representation, than in where systems of one-mandatory districts operate. What concerns the character of the influence of party system on the estimation of women's prospective in politics, the author states that thе political character and the organization power of political parties in post-communist countries is the essential factor of the influence on the interaction between the electoral systems and women's representation.

Verification of the chosen working hypothesis on the basis of experience of Ukraine as a reviewer country with use of the selected methodology has shown that the country does not show any specific features of influence of social and economic, political and cultural factors on political representation of the women, all factors can operate in accordance with theoretical expectations.

Key words: Central and Eastern Europe, Slovakia, Poland, Russia, transformation, political participation, representation, market reforms, women's movement, the reproductive rights, electoral system, party system, party ideology, traditional values.

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