The first experience of teaching the elective course "Instrumental methods of functional diagnostics"

Preparation of a competitive specialist in medicine. Awareness of students with instrumental methods of functional diagnostics. Methods for teaching students the type of cognitive activity. Improved skills in conducting differential diagnosis of illness.

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Department of Family Medicine FPE and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, Dnipro State Medical University

The first experience of teaching the elective course “instrumental methods of functional diagnostics”

Bashkirova Nataliia Serhiivna PhD, associate professor, associate professor

Dudina Kateryna Mykolaivna assistant professor

Akhe Yevheniia Ahdriivna assistant professor

Dnipro

Abstract

Training of a competitive specialist in the field of medicine requires familiarization of students with instrumental methods of functional diagnostics. That is why at the Dnipro State Medical University, students studying in the specialty 222 “Medicine” have the opportunity to choose the elective discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics”. The preparation of the program of this discipline was preceded by a thorough analysis of world experience in teaching medical students the subject of using instrumental methods of functional diagnostics. The purpose of the article: presentation of the teaching features of the new elective discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” at the Dnipro State Medical University.

In the process of studying the discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics”, a significant number of methods of teaching students are used according to the type of cognitive activity, Teaching methods according to the main stages of the process are the following, methods based on a systematic approach, according to the sources of knowledge. . In order to have a comprehensive impact and improve the application of the information learned in previous courses, various teaching methods are used according to the level of independent mental activity.

Studying the discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” allows the students of the 5th year to form special competencies: the ability to determine the necessary list of laboratory and instrumental studies and evaluate their results to establish a preliminary and clinical diagnosis of the disease. In addition, based on the results of studying the educational discipline, the student achieves program learning outcomes, namely to prescribe and analyze additional examination methods, to be able to evaluate instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in patients with various diseases of organs and body systems, to improve the skills of differential diagnosis of diseases.

Keywords. Teaching, optional disciplines, instrumental methods of functional diagnostics.

Анотація

Башкірова Наталія Сергіївна кандидат медичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри сімейної медицини ФПО та пропедевтики внутрішньої медицини, Дніпровський державний медичний університет, м.Дніпро,

Дудіна Катерина Миколаївна асистент кафедри сімейної медицини ФПО та пропедевтики внутрішньої медицини, Дніпровський державний медичний університет, м.Дніпро,

Ахе Євгенія Андріївна асистент кафедри сімейної медицини ФПО та пропедевтики внутрішньої медицини, Дніпровський державний медичний університет, м.Дніпро

ПЕРШИЙ ДОСВІД ВИКЛАДАННЯ ВИБІРКОВОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНІ МЕТОДИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ»

Підготовка конкурентно спроможного спеціаліста в галузі медицини потребує ознайомлення студентів з інструментальними методами функціональної діагностики. Саме тому у Дніпровському державному медичному університеті студенти, які навчаються за спеціальністю 222 «Медицина» мають можливість обрати вибіркову дисципліну «Інструментальні методи функціональної діагностики». Підготовці програми даної дисципліни передували ретельний аналіз світового досвіду з питання викладання студентам медикам тематики використання інструментальних методів функціональної діагностики. Мета статті: представлення особливостей викладання нової вибіркової дисципліни «Інструментальні методи функціональної діагностики у Дніпровському державному медичному університеті» .

У процесі вивчення дисципліни «Інструментальні методи функціональної діагностики» застосовуються значна кількість методів навчання студентів за типом пізнавальної діяльності, методи навчання за основними етапами процесу, методи навчання за системним підходом, за джерелами знань. Для всебічного впливу та покращення застосування вивченої на попередніх курсах інформації застосовують різні методи навчання за рівнем самостійної розумової діяльності.

Вивчення дисципліни «Інструментальні методи функціональної діагностики» студентам 5 курсу дозволяє сформувати спеціальні компетентності: здатність до визначення необхідного переліку лабораторних та інструментальних досліджень та оцінки їх результатів для встановлення попереднього та клінічного діагнозу захворювання.

За підсумками вивчення навчальної дисципліни здобувач освіти досягає програмних результатів навчання, а саме призначати та аналізувати додаткові методи обстеження, мати можливість оцінки інструментальих методів функціональної діагностики у пацієнтів із різними захворюваннями органів і систем організму, удосконалити навички проведення диференційної діагностики захворювань.

Ключові слова. Викладання, вибіркові дисципліни, інструментальні методи функціональної діагностики.

Problem statement

The work of a present-day practitioner of any specialty cannot be imagined without the use of instrumental methods of functional diagnostics, the use of which allows you to confirm a preliminary diagnosis, detect diseases in the early stages, conduct screening programs and assess the health of patients of various ages.

The preparation of a competitive specialist in the field of medicine requires familiarization of students with instrumental methods of functional diagnostics [1, 2]. That is why at the Dnipro State Medical University, specialists of the second (master's) level of higher education in the subject 22 “Health care”, in the specialty 222 “Medicine”, the professional qualification “Medical Doctor” are trained according to the developed and approved educational and professional program “Medicine” and curriculum and have the opportunity to choose any of the optional disciplines according to their own preference. The elective program “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” was introduced to teaching in the current academic year at the request of students, it is taught in the 5th year of study and consists of 3 credits (90 hours), structured by 44 hours of studies (in classroom) and 46 hours of independent work, knowledge control is carried out in the form of a final examination. The preparation of the program of this discipline was preceded by a thorough analysis of world experience in teaching medical students the subject of using instrumental methods of functional diagnostics [3, 4, 5].

The purpose of the article

Presentation of the teaching features of the new elective discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” at the Dnipro State Medical University. cognitive skill competitive specialist

Presentation of basic material

The main aim of the work program “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” was determined to provide training on the theoretical background of the study of instrumental methods of functional diagnostics, the results of which will be used in the practical activities of a doctor of any specialty, and its subject is specifically the instrumental methods of functional diagnostics of diseases of organs and systems of the human body, the ability to use them in medicine. The structure of the academic discipline is represented by 4 content modules. The first module is the instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in internal medicine, 24 hours, the second module is the instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in pediatrics and general practice - family medicine, 22 hours, the third module is the instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in surgery, 22 hours, and the fourth module is the instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in obstetrics and gynecology, 22 hours, respectively.

The teaching of content modules takes place at the departments of our university specialized in the subject of the module, which allows to demonstrate and work out the detailed components of the main instrumental methods of functional diagnostics, which are used in obstetrics and gynecology, internal diseases, pediatrics, surgery, general practice - family medicine using clinical settings and equipment of the DSMU. Traditionally, in each content module, in addition to practical classes, there is a lecture component and independent work of students, which comprises 50% of the time provided for the discipline. In the organization of students' independent work, the consultations and help of teachers play a significant role, as well as the work of students in hospital departments, departments of functional diagnostics, consultative and diagnostic centers and the use of department equipment for hands-on skill practice.

In the process of studying the discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics”, a significant number of methods of teaching students are used according to the type of cognitive activity: explanatory and illustrative, reproductive, problem presentation, logic of cognition, analytical, inductive, deductive. Teaching methods according to the main stages of the process are the following: construction of knowledge, development of abilities and skills, application of knowledge, generalization, consolidation, verification. In addition, learning methods based on a systematic approach are taken into account: stimulation and motivation, and control and self-control. According to the sources of knowledge, verbal (explanation) and visual (demonstration, illustration) sources are used. In order to have a comprehensive impact and improve the application of the information learned in previous courses, various teaching methods are used according to the level of independent mental activity: problem-based, partially research-based, research-based, problem-based teaching methods.

Content module 2 “Instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in pediatrics and general practice - family medicine” is taught at the Department of Family Medicine FPE and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine.

The focus of attention is on the practical component with the opportunity not only to theoretically generalize knowledge about indications, contraindications, methods of carrying out selected instrumental methods of functional diagnostics, which are used in pediatrics and general practice - family medicine, but also to try to independently conduct research, evaluate and interpret the results .

Some of the instrumental methods of functional diagnostics are studied through the use of video materials of diagnostics with subsequent practice of interpreting the results of assessment taking into account patient's age and clinical manifestations. For example, to study the instrumental method of functional diagnosis of electrocardiography in children, students had the opportunity to perform this procedure in children of various ages at the clinical site of the department with unassisted application of electrodes, unassisted registration of the electrocardiogram and further evaluation taking into account the method of ECG interpretation in children. Previously, the assessment method with age-appropriate normal values was presented to the students in the lecture material, and together with the teacher, the students in groups and independently performed the interpretation of the ECG of children of different ages, having information about the patient's complaints and clinical manifestations.

The department has developed educational and methodological materials, namely the program of the academic discipline, methodological guidelines for practical classes, materials for students' preparation for practical classes and independent work, created a bank of multiple-choice questions for monitoring of students' knowledge, case-based tasks with different results of functional assessments, video materials to facilitate the learning of educational materials.

In the second content module, students have the opportunity to learn and perform the functional exercise stress tests that are used in the practice of a pediatrician and general practitioner - family doctor. Also, electrocardiography in children of various ages, spirometry, peak flow rate measurement to assess the function of external respiration, ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of diseases in children, electroencephalography in the diagnosis of seizures in children of various ages, echocardiography, daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure.

The main emphasis in the practical lesson is on the discussion of indications and contraindications for carrying out certain methods, as well as the diagnostic value and the procedure.

The hours provided for independent work allow to increase the creative activity of students, contribute to the development of skills in working with literature, Internet resources, applying generalizations and using the information received. Materials on the discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” are presented extensively on the website of the department.

Conclusion

Tudying the discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics” allows the students of the 5th year to form special competencies: the ability to determine the necessary list of laboratory and instrumental studies and evaluate their results to establish a preliminary and clinical diagnosis of the disease. In addition, based on the results of studying the educational discipline “Instrumental Methods of Functional Diagnostics”, the student achieves program learning outcomes, namely to prescribe and analyze additional (mandatory and optional) examination methods (functional and instrumental), to be able to evaluate instrumental methods of functional diagnostics in patients with various diseases of organs and body systems, to improve the skills of differential diagnosis of diseases.

References

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2. Penchuk, O. P., Donchenko, S. V., & Bilotska, L. B. (2017). Pobudova indyvidualnykh traiektorii navchannia studentiv na osnovi zastosuvannia vybirkovykh elementiv navchalnykh planiv. [Construction of individual student learning trajectories based on the application of selective elements of educational plans]. VisnykKyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu tekhnolohii ta dyzainu. Seriia: Ekonomichni nauky, (2), 36-41. [in Ukrainian].

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4. Behosh, S.V., Dzyha O.V., Bakalets N.B. (2015). Vprovadzhennia elektyvnoho kursu “Funktsionalna diahnostyka” u navchalnyi protses studentiv medychnoho fakultetu TDMU im. Iia Horbachevskoho. [Implementation of the elective course "Functional diagnostics" into the educational process of the students of the medical faculty of the TDMU Ym. iy Horbachevsky]. Medychna osvita, (4) [in Ukrainian].

5. Bakalets, O. V., Behosh, N. B., & Dzyha, S. V. Retrospektyvnyi analiz metodolohii planuvannia vybirkovykh dystsyplin iz funktsionalnoi diahnostyky na Kafedri funktsionalnoi i laboratornoi diahnostyky Ternopilskoho Natsionalnoho Medychnoho Universytetu imeni Iia Horbachevskoho MOZ Ukrainy. [Retrospective analysis of the methodology of planning elective disciplines in functional diagnostics at the department of functional and laboratory diagnostics of the Ternopil National Medical University named after Iy Horbachevsk, MOZ of Ukraine] Medychna osvita, (2), 107-111. [in Ukrainian].

Література

1. Вибір без вибору: моніторинг вибіркових курсів у державних вишах [Електронний ресурс] / Є. Стадний, М. Куделя, Т. Жерьобкіна [та ін.] // CEDOS аналітич-ний центр - 2015.

2. Пенчук О. П. Побудова індивідуальних траєкторій навчання студентів на основі застосування вибіркових елементів навчальних планів / О. П. Пенчук, С. В. Донченко, Л. Б. Білоцька // Вісник Київського національного університету технологій та дизайну. Серія «Економічні науки». - 2017. - No 2. - С. 36-41.

3. Візір В.А., Деміденко О.В., Приходько І.Б., Садомов А.С. Впровадження відкритих онлайн-курсів в навчальну роботу клінічної кафедри. /АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ТЕЛЕМЕДИЦИНИ 2016: Матеріали Всеукраїнської науково- методичної відеоконференції з міжнародною участю (13 жовтня 2016 року, м. Запоріжжя) - Запоріжжя, 2016. - 198 с.

4. Бегош, С.В Дзига О.В. Бакалець Н.Б. Впровадження елективного курсу “Функціональна діагностика” у навчальний процес студентів медичного факультету ТДМУ ім. ІЯ Горбачевського. Медична освіта, 2015, 4. С.44-45

5. Бакалець, О. В., Бегош, Н. Б., & Дзига, С. В. (2021). Ретроспективний аналіз методології планування вибіркових дисциплін із функціональної діагностики на кафедрі функціональної і лабораторної діагностики тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України. Медична освіта, (2), 107-111.

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