Comparative analysis of the training of low-ranking border guards in educational institution of Slovakia and Ukraine

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Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRAINING OF LOW-RANKING BORDER GUARDS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF SLOVAKIA AND UKRAINE

Olha KHAMAZIUK Senior Teacher of the

Foreign Languages Department,

Ihor BLOSHCHYNSKYI Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor,

Head of the Foreign Languages Department

Khmelnytskyi

Annotation

educational professional border guard

The article reveals the content of the professional training of police officers of the Republic of Slovakia, in particular, providing the professional education to future low-ranking border guard specialists at the Secondary Vocational School of the Police Corps in the city of Kosice, which is the departmental training center for the Slovak border police. The educational curriculums and peculiarities of the training of future border police officers in the following specializations: “General Training” and “Border and Aliens Police” have been described. The peculiarities of providing the qualification training and training for professional development have been highlighted.

It has been concluded that the content of the professional training of future border guard specialists of the Republic of Slovakia in departmental educational institutions allows to provide them with the basic knowledge, skills, abilities and competences necessary for carrying out professional activities in the border and migration service in accordance with the generally accepted European standards for the training of border guards and the adopted Unified Program basic level for the training of border guard specialists (Common Core Curriculum), developed by the FRONTEX agency (European Border and Coast Guard Agency).

A comparative analysis of the professional training of low-ranking border guards of the Police Corps of the Slovak Republic and junior personnel of the State Border Service of Ukraine has been conducted. It has been concluded that the content of the training of specialists of the above-mentioned countries has both common and different features. It has been revealed that the partial discrepancy is due to the peculiarity of the national legislation of Ukraine in the part that is related to the separation of the functions of state bodies performing their activities on the state border.

Key words: comparative analysis; professional training of border guards; educational curriculums; border police; training of low-ranking personnel; qualification training; training for professional development; Secondary Vocational School in Kosice; Republic of Slovakia.

Анотація

Хамазюк О., Блощинський І. КОМПАРАТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПІДГОТОВКИ ПРИКОРДОННИКІВ НИЖЧОЇ ЛАНКИ В НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ СЛОВАЧЧИНИ ТА УКРАЇНИ

У статті розкрито зміст професійної підготовки поліцейських Республіки Словаччина, зокрема надання професійної освіти майбутнім фахівцям з охорони кордону нижчої ланки у Середній професійній школі Поліцейського корпусу у місті Кошице, яка є відомчим центром підготовки прикордонної поліції Словаччини. Охарактеризовано освітні програми та особливості підготовки майбутніх прикордонних поліцейських за такими спеціалізаціями: “Загальна підготовка” та “Прикордонна поліція та поліція у справах іноземців”. Висвітлено особливості надання кваліфікаційного навчання і навчання для підвищення кваліфікації.

Установлено, що зміст професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців з охорони кордону Республіки Словаччина у відомчих навчальних закладах дозволяє надати їм базові знання, навички, вміння та компетенції, необхідні для здійснення професійної діяльності у прикордонній та міграційній службі відповідно до загальноприйнятих європейських стандартів підготовки прикордонників та прийнятої Уніфікованої програми базового рівня для підготовки фахівців з охорони кордону (Common Core Curriculum), розробленою агенцією FRONTEX (Європейською Агенцією з прикордонної та берегової охорони).

Проведено компаративний аналіз професійної підготовки прикордонників нижчої ланки Поліцейського корпусу Словацької Республіки та молодшого персоналу Держприкордонслужби України. Установлено, що зміст підготовки фахівців цих країн має як спільні, так і відмінні риси. Виявлено, що часткове неспівпадіння обумовлене особливістю національного законодавства України в частині, що стосується розмежування функцій державних органів, які виконують свою діяльність на державному кордоні.

Ключові слова: компаративний аналіз; професійна підготовка прикордонників; освітні програми; прикордонна поліція; підготовка персоналу нижчої ланки; кваліфікаційне навчання; навчання для підвищення кваліфікації; Середня професійна школа у місті Кошице; Республіка Словаччина.

Problem statement

In the process of integration of the Ukrainian educational space into the European one, the necessity for adaptation and further harmonization of the educational process in military educational institutions of Ukraine in accordance with the unified European standards has become relevant. This, in turn, induces to look for new approaches to the organization of training of low-ranking border guard specialists. Thus, the border guard agency of Ukraine actively cooperates with European law enforcement services that train border guard specialists, with the aim of borrowing their experience in the field of professional training of personnel. Furthermore, currently most European countries do not have separate border guard agencies. The task of border protection is entrusted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the functions of border protection are performed by police units [1].

For this purpose, the experience of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter - SR), as a neighboring European state, is of great interest to the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (hereinafter - SBGSU), since Slovakia has similar border realities, as well as it has implemented European standards of professional activity and better police training practices.

In fact, a comparative analysis of Slovak and Ukrainian practical experience in organizing the training of low-ranking border guards will help to establish compliance with the European requirements for the training of border guard specialists, defined by the Unified Basic Level Program for the Training of Border Guard Specialists (Common Core Curriculum, hereinafter - ССС), developed by the agency FRONTEX (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) and, accordingly, to bring the border guard professional education of Ukraine closer to the European one.

Recent research and publications review

The issue of professional training of border guards of both Ukraine and the Slovak Republic has been studied by such Ukrainian scientists as S. Serdiuk, O. Borovyk [1], O. Lazorenko [2], I. Bloshchynskyi [3]-[9], A. Balendr [9], [10], O. Khamaziuk [11], [12], O. Lahodynkyi [13]-[15], M. Aristarkhova [16], and others. Among the foreign researchers who have devoted their works to the topic of professional training of border guard specialists of the Police Corps (hereinafter - PC) of Slovakia, the analysis of educational curriculums in the education of PC police officers of the Slovak Republic were Ya. Chechova (Creation of an educational currriculum for the PC Secondary Vocational School (hereinafter - SVS) [17], M. Paipakhova and L. Barichichova (Education in the police department as one of the privileges of its successful functioning) [18].

Research methods

The results of the analysis of the scientific literature give grounds for asserting that researchers mostly focus on the educational process of higher military educational institutions. At the same time, the peculiarities of the organization of professional training of low-ranking Slovak border guard specialists remain neglected in modern pedagogical science and require further research.

To achieve the purpose of the research, the following methods have been used: theoretical - analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization of data from scientific manuals, educational and methodological documentation - to study the experience of professional training of future low-ranking Slovak border guard specialists; comparison - to compare the content of the professional training of border guards of the Slovak Republic and Ukraine.

The purpose of the article. The purpose of the research is to perform a comparative analysis of the professional training of future border guard specialists of the low rank of Slovakia and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Research results

Professional training of lower-ranking SR Police Corps specialists is performed by three secondary vocational schools (hereinafter referred to as SVS) in the cities of Bratislava, Pezinok and Kosice. The first two schools train future specialists of the patrol, criminal and traffic police (specialized training), who will be appointed to the positions of warrant officers after completing the training. Whereas the PC Secondary Vocational School in the city of Kosice is the main departmental center in which the basic professional training of future border police officers is performed for state service with a secondary level of education in the field of training 9210 “Security Service”, which includes qualification training in two specialties (educational curriculums) and training for professional development. Moreover, professional training is performed both with police officers who are in the positions of warrant officers, and with newly arrived cadets. Training in each of the educational curriculum varies both in terms of training and in academic disciplines.

Qualification training is performed according to two educational curriculums: “01 Security Service is a basic police training” with specializations “General training” and “Border and Aliens Police” (table 1).

Table 1

Educational curriculum “01 Security Service is a basic police training”

The content of professional training is organized according to four educationa components: basic police training, theoretical and practical training, professional training, and professional practice. Teaching cross-cutting topics is implemented in several forms and methods, among which complex exercises are the priority. Future warrant officers study the following disciplines: in the field of “basic police training”: Basic police training (150 study hours, of which 76 are practical classes);

in the field of “theoretical and practical training”: Border and Aliens Police (242/124), Traffic Police Service (102/72), Law, (144/62) Forensic Science (104/60), Ethics and Psychology of Policeman Work (76/48), Work with information (80/69), Police communication (88/47);

in the field of “professional training”: Service training (84/82), Physical training (84 hours of practical classes);

in the field of “professional practice”: Professional practice (80 hours of practical classes) [19].

“01 Security Service is a basic police training” (intended for the training of newly arrived PC employees (future warrant officers) enrolled in state service cadets) with specializations “General Training” and “Border and Aliens Police” (table 2).

Table 2

Educational curriculum “01 Security Service is a basic police training”

The purpose of the above-mentioned curriculums is to provide an opportunity for a newly arrived police officer/cadet to acquire the professional competencies necessary to perform the state service of a police officer appointed to a position with the planned rank of warrant officer in the basic units of the PC of the Border and Aliens Police. The “Border and Aliens Police” specialization allows you to learn and master the entire range of basic activities of the PC, which is characteristic of the tasks of the basic units of the border and aliens police. The cadets are provided with the basic knowledge, skills, abilities, and competencies necessary to perform the main professional activities in the border and aliens police service, taking into account the Unified Basic Level Program for the Training of Border Guard Specialists (CCC), developed by the FRONTEX agency. At the same time, this specialization allows you to acquire certain specific professional knowledge, skills and abilities from other types of PC services.

The content of professional training is organized according to four educational components, and complex exercises are prioritized, but there is a difference in the amount of study hours.

Cadets study the following disciplines:

in the field of “basic police training”: Basic police training (150 study hours, of which 76 are practical classes);

in the field of “theoretical and practical training”: Border and Aliens Police (262/144), Traffic Police Service (118/88), Law, (190/102) Forensic Science (130/72), Ethics and Psychology of Police Officer Work (114/78), Work with Information (110/99), Police Communication (96/44);

in the field of “professional training”: Service Training (136/134), Physical Training (114 hours of practical classes);

in the field of “professional practice”: Professional Practice (80 hours of practical classes).

Training in the “General Training” specialization of both warrant officers and cadets is similar to the “Border and Aliens Police” specialization. The only difference is that instead of the main professional discipline “General Training” the discipline “Police Service for Keeping the Public Order” is taught.

In turn, providing the education for police officers to improve their qualifications is performed under the educational curriculum “05 Security Service is a Border and Aliens Police” with the specialization “Border Police”. It is considered an additional part of professional development in SVS of the PC, intended for PC employees of the permanent state service with the aim of obtaining specialized police education (table 3).

Table 3

Educational curriculum “05 Security Service is Border and Aliens Police”, specialization “Border Police”

This educational curriculum provides specialized police training, which is provided after basic police training and preliminary professional development and provides an opportunity to acquire the competencies necessary for state service for PC specialists in the PC Border Control Bureau and the PC Asylum Bureau.

According to the unified curriculums (CCC) of the EU member states the specialization “Border Police”, developed by the FRONTEX agency, allows you to acquire specific knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies necessary for independent activities in the field of control and protection of state borders, checking travelers at border crossing points on the state border, visa practice, control over the residence and return of foreigners, within the scope of the defined powers of a police officer in officer positions in the units of the PC Border Control Bureau and the PC Asylum Bureau.

As part of specialized police training in the field of border police, the cadets study five academic disciplines: “Border Police” (120 hours, of which 64 are practical classes), “Law” (30/16), “Criminology” (20/8), “Service Training” (20/18) and “Police Communication” (30/12), the content of which forms a set of skills, abilities and competencies necessary for high-quality performance of state service by border police officers in the position of an officer. The subject “Police Communication” is divided into two relatively separate parts of the subject, namely the part “Psychology of Police Work” (14/4) and the part “Communication in a Foreign Language” (16/8).

In the seventh week of training, 3 days are allocated to applicants for revising the material of academic disciplines, for holidays and non-working days, and for security measures within the framework of PC needs. Two more days are allocated for preparation and passing the final postgraduate exam.

In addition to the above mentioned, as part of further “lifelong learning”, PC specialists are offered courses, in particular in the border area:

1. “Police Management” training course;

2. Retraining courses for PC employees who were assigned to units of the Border and Aliens Police Bureau;

3. Professional Development training courses: “Identification, checking and verification of identification data of motor vehicles”; “Tactics of service operations against armed criminals”;

4. Language courses: English for EUROSUR system operators; a foreign language for PC employees included in the database of personnel of the PC unit performing tasks abroad, and for PC employees performing tasks related to the return of third-country nationals who are illegally staying in the territory of member states;

5. Specialized courses:_for forensic technicians; for training drivers of groups B1, B, BE and groups B1, B, BE in combination with groups A1, A2, A,

6. Additional courses: “Specifics of the work of the senior inspector of the unit”; for PC employees assigned to the PC anti-conflict group.

During the calendar year, SVS conducts 4 basic enrolments for the purpose of police training - in January, April, July and October, and for specialized police training - usually 2 enrolments. Professional development of PC employees and other activities are performed by the school in accordance with the requirements of the PC Bureau, the decisions of the personnel service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Slovakia, and the available personnel and space opportunities.

The educational process is provided by 42 pedagogical workers, namely 6 heads of subject groups, 25 teachers are PC employees, and 11 part-time teachers. All heads of subject groups and specialist teachers meet the educational requirements, as well as the qualification requirements of PC [12].

In Ukraine, the professional training of low-ranking border guards is performed at Major General Ihor Momot the Main Personnel Training Center of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which is also, like in Slovakia, a state vocational and technical educational institution that provides training, retraining and professional qualification development of junior staff of the agency, related to the implementation of the latest technologies of production or the sphere of services, with the formation of the necessary economic and organizational and management knowledge and computer literacy. The training center also retrains and develops the professional qualifications of the unemployed population. The training period for junior personnel is up to 6 months [20].

The main center provides primary (basic) training of junior inspectors of the border guard service, drivers, cooks, operators (crews) of the UAV (UAC), as well as personnel qualification development (with getting of new military accounting specialties “local inspector of the border guard service”, “inspector of the border guard service “ and “inspector of the border guard service - dosimeter”, as well as the training of narrow-profile combat-oriented specialists, which appeared in the institution's training system with the beginning of hostilities in the east of Ukraine [1, p. 174].

Training includes practical classes, practical training, shooting and qualification tests. After completion of training, servicemen receive certificates, and they move to places of permanent service.

If we draw an analogy between the content of professional education of both secondary schools that provide cross-border education for low-ranking personnel, we can state that both agencies have so-called basic training. They also have in common that they train drivers and personnel of rapid response units.

However, there is a significant difference that is caused by the safety factor. Thus, in Slovakia, the border police are part of the PC, so its personnel perform tasks and, accordingly, undergo training, including cases of public order and traffic rules. In addition, this is also related to the fact that the SR is a member of the EU and the Schengen zone, which in turn also affected the tasks and functions faced by Slovak border guard specialists.

And in Ukraine, the SBGSU is a special law enforcement agency that performs the tasks of not only protection, but also the defense of state borders, which, together with the military aggression of the eastern neighbor, led to the necessity to train narrow-profile military specialists.

Conclusion

Thus, the article presents a comparative analysis of the professional training of future border guard low-ranking specialists of Slovakia and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. A general description of the content of the professional training of Slovakian border guard specialists of the lower rank has been provided, its features, educational disciplines and training load have been described. It has been concluded that low-ranking PC personnel undergo basic professional training and further professional development at the departmental secondary vocational school of the PC in the city of Kosice, which is the departmental training center for border guards.

Qualifying training at SVS lasts 10 months (1234 study hours) on a fulltime basis for training policemen for the position of warrant officer and 12 months (1500 study hours) for training PC cadets (future officers). The educational curriculum for the training of future border police officers in the following specializations have been characterized: “General Training” and “Border and Aliens Police” according to four educational components: basic police training, theoretical and practical training, professional training and professional practice in accordance with the main areas of PC activity.

During the entire period of training, future border police officers study the border and aliens police service, traffic police service, law, criminology, ethics and psychology, work with information and police communication, etc. After completing their studies, graduates receive a school leaving certificate.

In addition, future border guard officers undergo full-time training at the SVS PC in the city of Kosice as an additional part of training for professional development in the “Border Police” specialization. The study time budget is 7 weeks (220 study hours). The cadets study according to the common curriculums (CCC) of the EU member states and upon completion of the training receive the rank of officer. According to the educational curriculum, cadets study five academic disciplines: “Border Police”, “Law”, “Criminology”, “Service Training” and “Police Communication”. The discipline “Police Communication” is divided into two relatively separate parts of the subject, namely the part “Psychology of Police Work” and the part “Communication in a Foreign Language”. After completing the training, applicants take the final postgraduate exam and receive a certificate of completion. The education received by the graduates of the above-mentioned departmental educational institution is equivalent to that which prepares the personnel of other police agencies of Slovakia and EU countries. This ensures the mobility of graduates' professional activities not only within Slovakia, but also within the European Union. The training of junior personnel in the State Border Guard Service is performed at the Major General Ihor Momot Main Personnel Training Center of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and is aimed not only at the protection, but also at the defense of state borders, considering the military aggression in the east of the country, which led to an increase in the part of the training load towards military border component.

According to the results of the research, it has been concluded that the professional training of the low-ranking personnel of the border agency of Ukraine and border guard specialists of Slovakia have both common and distinctive features, which is primarily caused by the security situation and the distribution of functions between state agencies in the countries. A number of progressive European approaches in the training system of Slovak police officers have been identified, which could be implemented in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, taking into account Ukraine's European integration aspirations.

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