Interactive technologies in the process of students oral communication teaching

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Interactive technologies in the process of students oral communication teaching

Fedorenko Yu

Abstract

One of the peculiar features of the modern world is the increased attention to foreign languages at all levels of the world education system. A modern specialist must actively master at least one foreign language as a means of communication. Communication involves the communication participants interaction, the more active such interaction, the more effective the communicative act is. The interaction ofparticipants involves common activity of the educational process participants, when they exchange information, together achieve the purpose of communicative act, evaluate communicative and non-communicative behavior, are fully immersed into the atmosphere of communication in order to solve certain problems. Practical implementation of effective communication is associated with the use of appropriate learning technologies that encourage students to actively use foreign language. The purpose of any technology is to help increase the effectiveness of the learning process. Interactive learning is the learning which takes place under the condition of active interaction of all educational process participants. We can state that this is a process of co-learning and mutual learning, where both the student and the teacher are equal in such process. In modern higher education institutions, collective and group learning technologies are the most acceptable. The common students' activity means that everyone makes their personal individual contribution, into the learning process where there is an knowledge, ideas, means of activity exchange. It is necessary to implement a creative approach to the use of modern progressive interactive technologies that can ensure the self-realization of each student. The use of interactive technologies encourages students and teachers to self-improvement, creativity and professional development. In the process of learning process organizing with the use of certain interactive technologies, the teacher becomes the organizer of educational and cognitive, independent, communicative, innovative and creative activities of students; he/she has opportunities to improve the learning process, develop students' communicative competence and holistic development of their personality.

Key words: learning technologies, interactive technologies, interaction of participants in a communicative act, cooperative learning.

Анотація

Федоренко Ю. П. Інтерактивні технології в процесі навчання усномовленнєвого спілкування студентів

Однією з визначних рис сучасного світу є підвищена увага до іноземної мови на всіх рівнях світової освітньої системи. Сучасний фахівець повинен активно володіти хоча б однією іноземною мовою як засобом спілкування. Комунікація передбачає взаємодію учасників спілкування, чим активнішою буде ця взаємодія, тим результативнішим буде акт спілкування. Взаємодія учасників спілкування передбачає спільну діяльність учасників навчального процесу, коли вони обмінюються інформацією, разом досягають мети комунікативного акту, оцінюють дії, комунікативну та некомунікативну поведінку учасників спілкування, повністю занурюються в атмосферу спілкування задля вирішення певних проблем. Практична реалізація ефективного спілкування пов'язана з використанням відповідних технологій навчання, що спонукають студентів до активного використання мови. Мета будь якої технології навчання полягає у наданні допомоги у підвищенні ефективності процесу навчання. Інтерактивне навчання - це навчання, яке відбувається за умови постійної, активної взаємодії всіх учасників навчального процесу. Можна стверджувати, що це процес співнавчання та взаємонавчання, де і студент, і викладач є рівноправними суб'єктами цього процесу. У сучасних закладах вищої освіти для нас найбільш прийнятними є технології колективно-групового навчання. Спільна діяльність студентів означає, що кожен вносить свій особистий індивідуальний внесок, у процесі роботи йде обмін знаннями, ідеями, засобами діяльності. У закладах вищої освіти необхідно впроваджувати творчий підхід до використання сучасних прогресивних інтерактивних технологій, що здатні забезпечити самореалізацію кожного студента. Використання інтерактивних технологій спонукає студента та викладача до самовдосконалення, творчості, професійного розвитку. В процесі організації навчання з інтерактивних технологій, викладач стає організатором навчально-пізнавальної, самостійної, комунікативної, творчої та креативної діяльності студентів; у нього з'являються можливості для вдосконалення процесу навчання, розвитку комунікативної компетенції студентів та цілісного розвитку їх особистості.

Ключові слова: технології навчання, інтерактивні технології, взаємодія учасників комунікативного акту, кооперативне навчання.

The establishment and expansion of political and economic relationships and contacts between all countries of the world affected all spheres of society, and above all, education and culture. One of the outstanding features of modern world is the increased attention to foreign languages at all levels of the world system of education. A modern specialist must actively master at least one foreign language as a means of communication. In addition to the fact that foreign language is a mandatory element of the specialist professional training, it is also a factor of cultural development of the person.

Ukraine's aims to become a member of the European Union increase the flow of information, expand educational and cultural ties, establish professional contacts, conclude cooperation agreements, sign contracts require a modern graduate of higher education institutions to have a good command of a foreign language (at a level not lower than B2 - Independent User) in order to ensure the competitiveness of a specialist on the labor market who is able to communicate foreign language freely and adequately fulfill the professional requirements.

One of the tasks of modern Ukrainian teachers of higher education institutions, psychologists and linguists is the search and development of new approaches using innovative language teaching technologies with a clearly expressed communicative approach.

The communicative approach of education has been the key point of methodical science for the last decades. Communication means the interaction of communication participants, the more active this interaction, the more effective the act of communication is. Learning foreign languages involves students' practical speaking skills mastery at a level sufficient for foreign language communication in all types of speech activity. Understanding the problems of speech communication is an integral part of the linguistic concepts of N.N. Chomsky, L.V. Shcherba, and the Prague Linguistic Group. The communicative function of language is revealed in the works of linguists Yu.A. Zhluktenko, V.G. Kostomarov, F. de Saussure, F. Folsom, D. Haims, and A. Palmer. The problem of language learning in the process of speech activity, taking into account the processes that occur during listening and speaking, the content of the role of participants in the speech act, was investigated in the works of I.A. Beaudoin de Courtenay, V.O. Slastyonin, V.A. Semichenko, V.V.Poltoratska, T.I. Panko, O.O. Potebny, V.M. Rusanivskyi, O.D. Mitrofanova, J. Carroll, V Littlewood, S. Savignon. The role and place of modern technologies in the educational process, the use of new information technologies in the process of forming global competencies of world- class universities graduates were investigated in scientific works by A. Nisimchuk, O. Tsyrkun, K. Richardwords, T. Vasylieva, V. Krukivskyi, A. Rashevska, L. Sluchyna, M. Collins) [8].

The interaction of communication participants involves the activity of participants in the educational process, when they exchange information, simulate educational situations and situations of real communication, together achieve the goal of a communicative act, evaluate actions, communicative and non-communicative behavior of communication participants, fully immerse themselves in the atmosphere of communication in order to solve certain problems.

Interaction is a process of direct or indirect influence of persons on each other, which gives rise to the causality of their actions and their relationship. This process requires activity and mutual orientation of the actions of those people who participate in it. We associate the concept of “interaction” with the concept of “communication” and “cooperation”.

The main way to satisfy human needs in communication is speech. That is why it is called speech communication (in contrary to communication using other sign systems: the body language, telegraphic Morse code, traffic lights at street intersections, mathematical, chemical and other formulas and symbols). Communication is a complex, multi-level process of social interaction between people and groups. The informational and communicative function of communication lays in establishing mutual connection, mutual understanding, and tolerance between members of any speech activity. The communication process includes a communicative component (exchange of information), interaction (direct interaction), a perceptual component (perception, understanding of the partner). Communication is interaction, transferring of information, thoughts, feelings of a person. Communication is classified: according to the type of relationship between participants - interpersonal and mass; by means of communication - speech (written and spoken), non-speech (paralinguistic, e.g. use of gestures, facial expressions) and subject-sign (manufacturing products, visual arts, etc.). The success of communication depends on the extent to which the speech or non-speech act of one participant in the communicative act is reliably and objectively perceived by his interlocutor.

The effectiveness of a foreign language communication is directly dependent on the activity of its participants, on the ways of their involvement into all types of speech activities and on their interaction. The practical implementation of this problem solving is related to the use of appropriate learning technologies that encourage students to actively use the language. New educational techniques should be implemented under the leadership of a competent teacher who is able to combine language teaching, using new methods, technologies and forms of education. communication language interactive

In methodological and science, the term “technology” is often used. English authors F. Percival and G. Ellington define learning technology as “a careful presentation of all aspects of building learning situations” that involves “the application of any methods and techniques of learning that are most adequate to achieve the goals set for those who learn.” They state that the purpose of any learning technology is to help improve the effectiveness of the learning process. [10, p. 12, 20].

For some time, the concept of “pedagogical technologies” was used as a foreign language synonym for the concept - “methodology of teaching and upbringing”. In modern Ukrainian science, the idea of pedagogical technologies as a certain system of pedagogical process organization and management has gained popularity. There are a large number of definitions of the concept “technology”, “pedagogical technology”. However, there is a common feature in the perception of the main feature among them: pedagogical technologies are an expedient combination of various means, conditions, components of pedagogical activity that ensures the achievement of the desired education and upbringing effects. Therefore, pedagogical technologies help to answer traditional questions: how to teach and bring up children better? How to make their learning interesting and useful, close to their experience? How to support students' need to learn about the world around them and themselves?

According to modern teaching approaches, the need to develop pedagogical technologies is determined by the following tasks:

teachers are able to organize the educational process based on the principles of systematicity, foreseen its development, orientate on the realizing of the final aim and subordinate the choice of methods, technologies and forms of education to this goal;

the process of organizing education and training is determined by conceptuality (while preserving the possibility of creativity).

The analysis of modern research makes it possible to state that pedagogical technology is a scientifically based system model of the teacher's activity, which contains a description of the algorithm of his actions to solve a certain educational problem.

Scientist Ya. Holant distinguished active and passive learning models depending on the students' participation in educational activities. Of course, with “passive” learning, a student does not achieve perfect results, because he is deprived of the opportunity to take an active part in the educational process, to express his thoughts in a foreign language. With “active” learning, the student has the opportunity to perform creative tasks, is engaged into a dialogue with the teacher and co-learner. Based on our own experience, we can say that in modern learning conditions, students do not take a “passive” position in practical foreign language classes. Student youth are extremely active, so we confidently state that foreign language learning in institutions of higher education takes place precisely according to the interactive method, with the use of interactive technologies.

Let's define the features of interactive learning. Interactive learning is a learning that takes place under the condition of constant, active interaction of all participants in the learning process. It can be argued that this is a process of co-learning and mutual learning, where both the student and the teacher are equal members of this process. All participants understand what they are doing, interact with each other and choose appropriate means of communication. The organization of interactive training involves modeling various life situations, problem solving based on the analysis of circumstances and the relevant situation, and the use of role-playing games. Each participant of the educational process is an active participant in the “chain”, he must feel his ability to perform a certain action, all participants are involved in the process of learning, discussing, making conclusions, creating a certain result. In such process, each participant makes his personal contribution, everyone exchanges knowledge, ideas, methods of activity.

The very word “interactive” comes from the English word “interact” (where “inter” means mutual, “act” means to perform), so “interactive” means being able to interact in the mode of communication, dialogue with someone or something. The main feature of interactive cooperation is a special form of educational activities organization.

Interactive cooperation excludes both the dominance of one participant in the educational process over others, and one opinion over another. During interactive learning process, students learn to be democratic, communicate with other people, think critically, and make thoughtful decisions. [6]

All interactive technologies are divided into four groups: frontal technologies, technologies of cooperative and group learning, situational learning and learning in discussion. Among the interactive such technologies as: brainstorming, microphone, circle of ideas, work in small groups, “take a position”, press method, aquarium, jigsaw activities, travel role-playing games and others are widely used.

Among the outlined groups of interactive technologies used by foreign languages teachers in modern higher education institutions, the technologies of cooperative and group learning are the most acceptable for us. In pedagogical science, there are several terms that are close in meaning and have common features that characterize collective-group learning technologies. M. Voron determines that according to the criterion of productivity, the name “partner technology” unites Western and domestic options for solving identical tasks.

A variety of such technology in the Ukrainian scientific school is known under the name “pedagogy of cooperation (cooperation)”, group learning, cooperative learning. The interactive learning model involves the use of a set of interactive technologies in learning, the common feature of which are the principles of interaction: multilateral communication, interaction and students mutual learning, cooperative learning activities with corresponding changes of both students and teachers' roles and functions.

We believe that such organization of the foreign language learning process in institutions of higher education is the most effective. During the foreign language practical classes, both the teacher and the student are equal participants in the learning process, in turn, the teacher is the organizer of the learning process, an advisor who guides students to achieve certain learning outcomes and indirectly manages the work of students. Students achieve defined programmed results by common efforts. When organizing an educational process based on the use of interactive learning technologies, it is necessary to take into account the involving of all group students into the learning process. Their common activity means that everyone makes their personal individual contribution, there is an exchange of knowledge, ideas, means of activity in the process of cooperation.

Dividing students into groups enables the teacher to group students with different levels of knowledge so that each member of the group has the opportunity to be an active participant in foreign language communication. Students of even different levels of foreign language proficiency have the opportunity to learn to formulate and express their opinion, discuss, persuade, at the same time hear the speech of the interlocutor, evaluate, supplement, enriching his own language and speech experience. Group (cooperative) learning can include: work in pairs, rotating threes, project work, group performance of creative works during which students can learn to build up constructive relationships in the group, determine their place in it, avoid conflicts, solve them, seek compromises, strive for dialogue, analyze educational information, creatively approach learning material, find common solution of the problem. It is worth noting that it is impossible to use only one method and technology of learning, so learning is a constant creative process where all participants in the process are involved in active interaction.

In order to train highly qualified specialists in foreign languages who are competitive in the modern labor market, there is a need to reorient the educational process to the implementation of interactive language learning technologies. In institutions of higher education, it is necessary to implement a creative approach to the use of modern progressive interactive technologies that can ensure the self-realization of each student. The use of interactive technologies encourages students and teachers to self-improvement, creativity, and professional development. In the educational process using various interactive technologies, the teacher becomes the organizer of educational and cognitive, independent, communicative, creative and innovative students activities; he has opportunities to improve the learning process, develop students' communicative competence, and holistic development of their personality. We must note that, taking into account the modern life realities, one of the ways of organization of the educational process in higher education institutions of Ukraine is the implementation of interactive technologies in the process of foreign languages learning. In particular, the use of cooperative, project learning technologies and their integration, which is widely used today in higher education institutions, is of particular importance. Orientation of modern education on the development of independent cognitive students' activity, taking into account personal ways and opportunities requires the development and implementation of relevant interactive technologies.

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