To the problem of military patriotic education of high school students in the conditions of martial law

Formulation of the problem

The relevance of the study of military-patriotic education of high school students is determined by the situation in the country, which has developed as a result of armed aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine.

The problem of the readiness of the young generation to fulfill their civic and constitutional duty to protect the national interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine is gaining particular relevance.

In documents of the national level: Laws of Ukraine “On education” (2017), “On higher education” (2014), “On the foundations of national resistance” (2022), “On the main principles of state policy in the sphere of the establishment of Ukrainian and national identity” (2022 ), Concepts of national-patriotic education of children and youth (2015), Strategy of national-patriotic education for 2016-2020 (2015), documents: “On the National Security Strategy of Ukraine”, approved by Decree of the President of Ukraine dated September 14, 2021 No. 392 /2020; “On the Military Security Strategy of Ukraine”, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated March 25, 2021 No. 121/2021, the content of which is aimed at organizing national resistance in the country to repel the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine; the need to find effective mechanisms for improving the military-patriotic education of pre-conscript youth with the aim of raising a patriot, a defender of Ukraine.

Research analysis. The problem of military-patriotic education of students of general secondary education institutions is reflected in the works of modern Ukrainian scientists (I. Bekh, D. Binetskyi, Z. Dikhtyarenko, N. Kasich, O. Mazurchuk, H. Piankovskyi, M. Tomchuk, etc.)

Modern pedagogical science examines the issue of military-patriotic education of high school students in the context of: formation and development of the content of military-patriotic education of students of general secondary education institutions (Ostapenko, 2015: 40-43.); developing a classification of methods of military-patriotic education of pre-conscript youth (Zubaliy, 2015: 36-39); justification and approval of the methodology of military-patriotic education of high school students (Tymchyk, 2014: 313-321); formation of military-patriotic readiness of students to protect the Motherland (Mysak, 2010), etc.

The problem of military-patriotic education of high school students is considered in the works of foreign researchers (M. Agaev, S. Zeynalov (Azerbaijan), T. Kulakhmetov (Kazakhstan) and others)).

At the same time, the problem of determining the theoretical aspects of military-patriotic education of high school students under the conditions of martial law did not find sufficient theoretical justification.

Consequently, contradictions arise between: a significant public demand for the military-patriotic education of a warrior-defender ready to reliably defend Ukraine with a weapon in his hands and the insufficient theoretical development of this problem; teachers' awareness of the importance of military-patriotic education of students and the lack of scientifically based organizational and pedagogical conditions and technologies for ensuring the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of students in general secondary education institutions.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the theoretical aspects of military-patriotic education of high school students under martial law and to determine ways to increase the level of their patriotic education.

To achieve the goal, theoretical methods were used - analysis and systematization of scientific literature on the research problem; synthesis, comparison, generalization, classification; study of regulatory and program documents for the development of theoretical aspects of military-patriotic education of high school students and determination of ways to increase the level of their patriotic education.

Presenting main material

Military-patriotic education is an end-to-end educational process aimed at forming Ukrainian citizens' defense consciousness, readiness for national resistance, increasing social significance and respect for military service, motivating citizens to acquire the necessary competencies in the field of security and defense. Military-patriotic education is a component of state policy in the sphere of establishing Ukrainian national and civil identity (Law of Ukraine, 2023).

Article 10 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles of State Policy in the Field of Establishing Ukrainian National and Civil Identity» states that the purpose of military-patriotic education is the formation of defense awareness, readiness to join the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other formations of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, readiness to national resistance.

Military and patriotic education is carried out in the following directions:

1) formation of defense consciousness;

2) popularization of military service;

3) involvement of citizens in contributing to the security and defense of Ukraine;

4) development of military applied and service applied sports, technical creativity and innovations;

5) broad involvement of schoolchildren in national, regional and local measures of military and patriotic education;

6) compulsory teaching of the subject «Defense of Ukraine» during the acquisition of specialized secondary education;

7) training of qualified personnel potential from among war veterans, persons who have special merits to the Motherland, participants of the Revolution of Dignity with their subsequent involvement in the organization and implementation of educational activities on initial military training; implementation of programs, projects and measures of military and patriotic education;

8) involvement of war veterans, people who have special merits to the Motherland, participants of the Revolution of Dignity in the organization and implementation of programs, projects and events of military and patriotic education (Law of Ukraine, 2023).

The main principles of modern military-patriotic education include: the principle of national orientation (respect for the state symbols of Ukraine, education of love for the native land, Ukrainian people, respectful attitude to its culture; preservation of national identity, readiness to defend Ukraine); consolidation (strengthening joint resistance to hostile influences, uniting and uniting for the sake of defeating the enemy); constructive leadership (active civic stance, initiative, purposefulness, persistence in solving tasks, interest in achieving results, ability to take responsibility and rally others to team work); continuity and succession, which ensures the transfer from generation to generation of the experience of assimilating national values, which are the basis of military-patriotic education and the development of a growing personality; integration, which determines the complex nature of military-patriotic education of children and school youth, is implemented through the inter subject links of the courses «Defense of Ukraine», «Physical Culture», «History of Ukraine», «Natural Sciences»; cultural conformity, according to which military-patriotic education is carried out based on the culture, history and language of the Ukrainian people; pedagogical competence, which consists in the appropriate use of pedagogical forms, methods, content selection, pedagogical tact in the process of military-patriotic education; personal self-motivation (education of independence, self-sufficiency, criticality and self-criticism, the ability to help oneself and others in various situations, a sense of responsibility for the decisions made); educational optimism (defined by faith in the child's strengths and abilities, his ability to achieve high results); humanization of the educational process (implementation of military-patriotic education based on moral values, centering on the child (person) as the highest value, taking into account age and individual characteristics, abilities) (Ostapenko, 2020: 199-201).

The methods of military-patriotic education of high school students are:

1. Formation of defense consciousness, views and beliefs in pre-conscription youth: stories, conversations, lectures, debates, examples, beliefs, public opinion.

2. Organization of military-patriotic activities and formation of personal experience of behavior of pre-conscription youth: pedagogical requirements, instructions, method of exercises, training, educational situations.

3. Stimulation and motivation of military-patriotic activity and behavior of pre-conscription youth: competition, encouragement, prospects.

4. Self-education and self-preparation of pre-conscription youth for military service: self-commitment, self-confidence, self-observation, self-control, self-report (Borodai, 2020: 27).

The main forms of military-patriotic education of high school students, which are organized by the class teacher and the teacher-organizer, are: thematic classes, «Courage Lessons», «round tables», debates, discussions on military-patriotic topics, conferences, excursions to the museum of military glory, competitions drawings and photos for the Defender of the Fatherland Day, the Day of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; charity events, participation in the commemoration of the Heavenly Hundred, demonstration and discussion of films reflecting military-historical events, meetings with participants of the Revolution of Dignity, veterans of the ATO, heroes of military events, etc.

The forms of military-patriotic education of high school students organized by the teacher of the «Defense of Ukraine» subject, the physical education teacher and the deputy director of educational work include: sports competitions in military sports: shooting, throwing grenades, cross country, weightlifting, martial arts, etc. ; conducting military sports and military patriotic games; classes in sections on military applied sports; classes on formation, fire, tactical training during the «Defense of Ukraine» classes; organization of military sports competitions with high school students; familiarization with the text of the military oath, the history of military honors and awards, honorary military ranks in different historical eras; study of military and patriotic rituals and their significance for military service; getting acquainted with information about the goals, terms and procedure of initial registration of young men for military registration; career orientation work with a military orientation with young men and women; study of types of military equipment and weapons, the history of their creation; studying the rules of handling weapons, the procedure for disassembling, assembling, storing and caring for them; a monthly of military and patriotic education, etc. (Tsipan, 2022: 226-228). military patriotic education high school student

In order to increase the level of military-patriotic education of high school students of general secondary education institutions, it is necessary to: modernize the content of the subject «Defense of Ukraine», create a typical educational program of the new generation; to ensure professional teaching of the subject «Defense of Ukraine» in the general secondary education system; use potential opportunities of educational subjects and extracurricular activities in the context of the problem of military-patriotic education of school youth; to form the desire of high school students to master military knowledge, to achieve the appropriate level of physical training and endurance; to contribute to the formation of high school students' educational, physical, psychological, social, moral and spiritual readiness for military service, military professional orientation; to modernize the forms of military-patriotic education of high school students, taking into account the actual level of military-patriotic education of students, the availability of educational and material base in general secondary education institutions; to involve high school students in extracurricular and out-of-school work, which has the possibility of massively involving students in various forms of military-sports and military-patriotic activities, in the process of which they acquire the experience of patriotic behavior, the skills and abilities necessary for the future soldier-defender of their state, improve the physical condition of the body and harden their body and prepare it for more serious loads and extreme conditions.

Conclusions

Taking into account the age capabilities of high school students and the features of the third level of comprehensive general secondary education, it is necessary to educate a growing individual to be ready to protect Ukraine as a value-motivational, conscious-willed and physical-practical activity in the conditions of the educational process of specialized secondary education. In order to implement this task, it is necessary:

- to cultivate love for Ukraine, to form national dignity, national and cultural identity;

- to update the study of heroic pages of the history of the Ukrainian people by high school students;

- to protect the individual from the influence of the ideologies of other states interested in forming their supporters and destabilizing the political situation of Ukraine from the middle;

- massively involve pupils in extracurricular and out-of-school work, in the process of which they acquire the experience of patriotic behavior, improve the physical condition of the body;

- to actualize the problem of ensuring the unity of the educational efforts of the school and family, defense mass organizations, aimed at solving the modern tasks of military-patriotic education of high school students;

- form a desire to master military knowledge, achieve the appropriate level of physical training and endurance;

- to activate the effective use of national traditions, taking into account modern world and domestic pedagogical experience and research of psychological and pedagogical science on military and patriotic education;

- to attract high school students to participate in military sports games: All-Ukrainian children's and youth game “Sokil” (“Jura”); All-Ukrainian (International) meeting-competition of young rescuers “Safety School”; International historical-patriotic, military-sports game “Checkpoint”, All-Ukrainian physical culture and patriotic festival of schoolchildren of Ukraine “Cossack Hart”; All-Ukrainian test game “Katygoroshko”; All-Ukrainian children's sports game “Start of Hope”; military sports competitions “Numo, Cossack boys”; Military heptathlon; National children's and youth military-patriotic game “Horting-Patriot”.

The conducted research does not exhaust all aspects of the multifaceted problem of military-patriotic education of high school students under martial law. Further scientific research can be directed to the development of organizational and pedagogical conditions and technologies for ensuring the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of students of general secondary education institutions.

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