The development of the humanistic outlook of younger school students of a general education school in extra-school activities

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The development of the humanistic outlook of younger school students of a general education school in extra-school activities

Maria Klepar,

Tetyana Potapchuk,

Oleksandr Chinchoi,

Oksana Nych

Анотація

humanist worldview younger schoolboy

У статті розвиток гуманістичного світогляду молодших школярів у позашкільній діяльності автори розглядають у сукупності основних принципів: історико-культурна спрямованість виховання та освіти, що передбачає організацію навчально-виховного процесу на основі історії та культури народів, що мешкають у регіоні, країні;

інтеграція навчальних дисциплін (освоєння мистецтва в єдності з вивченням пісень, музики, традицій, обрядів тощо); ідентифікація і самоактуалізація особистості, заснована на внесенні до змісту розвитку гуманістичного світоглядного виховання знань про людину і суспільство; гармонізація міжетнічних стосунків. Цей напрям виховання здатен не тільки враховувати інтереси національних культур та регіональних культурних традицій, але також і потреби особистості в національно-культурній самоідентифікації, розвитку світоглядних позицій особистості. Тому на сучасному етапі розвиток гуманістичного світогляду розглядається як спосіб повернення втрачених духовних цінностей, морально-естетичних норм поведінки, міжлюдських взаємин, укладу сімейного і побутового життя. Саме гуманістичне, етнокультурне виховання може допомогти учням оволодіти культурою свого народу (культурою спілкування, культурою знання, культурою праці тощо), розвиватиме світогляд, дасть змогу організувати художньо-творчі заняття, орієнтуючись на національну своєрідність регіону. Гуманістичному світоглядному вихованню в позашкільних навчальних закладах автори відводять особливу роль, розглядають його як чинник, що підсилює ефективність виховання завдяки введенню засобів національної культури, які допоможуть спрямувати сучасний навчально-виховний процес на формування етнічної самосвідомості, розвиток розуміння ролі свого народу у світовій культурі. Аналізуючи засоби національної культури, що використовуються в народній педагогіці, з'ясували, що виховний потенціал національної культури спрямований на формування в дітей гуманістичних, світоглядних, моральних якостей, почуття національної самосвідомості, патріотизму, розвиток творчих здібностей.

Ключові слова: навчально-виховний процес, гуманістичний світогляд, позашкільна діяльність, молодші школярі, гурткова робота.

Abstract

The development of the humanistic outlook of younger school students of a general education school in extra-school activities

keywords: educational process, humanistic outlook, extracurricular activities, younger schoolchildren, group work.

Introduction

The problem formulation.The process of becoming a modern society requires the development of the Ukrainian national education system, which will be based on the leading principles of humanism and democratization. It becomes obvious that an active social subject should be a person with a high level of consciousness, creative activity, and responsibility, who is guided in his activities and behavior by humanistic values. The school, as a social educational institution, is called to educate such a person. The content of primary education forms the basis of the multifaceted development of students, the formation of their thinking, cognitive interests, and mastering the skills to acquire knowledge. During this period, intellectual, social and moral qualities are actively formed in younger schoolchildren. It is in primary school that students receive the basics of knowledge of academic disciplines, rules of conduct, understanding of humanistic values, which will serve as the basis for their successful activities and behavior throughout their lives.

Analysis of recent research and publications.The analysis of scientific sources proved that the problem of education of humanistic worldview values in students was studied by various authors. Thus, in a number of scientific works, important aspects of the given problem are reflected: the general theoretical principles of humanizing the education of younger schoolchildren in extracurricular activities, turning the school into a "workshop of humanity" are laid out in the works of Ya. Komenskyi, A. Makarenko, and V. Sukhomlynskyi; psychological aspects of humanistic education are revealed in the writings of I. Bekh, O. Bodalov, M. Boryshevskyi, O. Kyrychuk, H. Kostyuk, and E. Pomytkin; the essence and structure of ethical and moral values in the modern domestic education system are substantiated in the studies of O. Vishnevskyi, E. Kornienko, M. Krasovytskyi, and O. Sukhomlynska. Conceptual principles of education of humanistic values of students were formed by I. Bekh, N. Gannusenko, K. Chornaya. The process of forming humane relations in extracurricular activities became the subject of research by V. Koroteeva and

H. Yasyakevich. E. Dokukina studied the interaction between the school and the family in the formation of the moral foundations of the behavior of younger schoolchildren. M. Trofanova and M. Glushchenko found out the peculiarities of education of younger schoolchildren in extracurricular activities. G. Pustovit, T. Sushchenko considered extracurricular education and extracurricular activities as a means of forming a comprehensively developed personality.

AIM AND TASKS RESEARCH

The aim of the article is to analyze of the development of the humanistic outlook of younger school students of a general education school in extra-school activities.

RESEARCH METHODS

Within the limits of research theoretical methods are used: a method of the analysis and synthesis, a method of the theoretical analysis of scientific literature on a problem of development of humanitarian culture of the person.

Results of the research

The relevance of the article is determined by society's social demand for a humane personality, the need for effective purposeful education of humanistic values in junior schoolchildren in extracurricular activities, since, according to scientists, junior school age is the most sensitive period for the education of humanistic, moral, and spiritual values, worldview values.

The analysis of the works made it possible to state that the most favorable for the education of elementary school students in behavior based on humanistic values is their activities outside of school hours. Together with teachers, on the basis of partnership, they participate in socially significant activities, in the process of which they practice performing socially significant actions based on humanistic values. Younger schoolchildren are involved in work in various creative associations (circles, studios, sections) according to their interests, voluntary choice, which contributes to the self-realization of the individual, the development of his individual inclinations and abilities. However, the implementation of the tasks of education of humanistic views in elementary school students in extracurricular activities is hindered by their insufficient theoretical understanding, lack of proper methodical support.

Institutions of the socio-cultural sphere and out-of-school educational institutions are a powerful factor in the revival of the nation, the education of national consciousness and self-awareness among students. The looseness of a child, a teenager, respect for his dignity, independence, reference to the historical past, originspeople's life, creative use in pedagogical practice of the heritage of folk pedagogy, the achievements of science - these are a number of factors that should ensure the formation of a citizen of an independent state. The main point of reference in the organization of extracurricular work of cultural and educational institutions should be the child as the highest value of society, the primary basis for preserving the gene pool of the Ukrainian ethnic group, providing conditions for its creative self-realization, intellectual and spiritual development (Klepar, 2016).

One of the most promising and important directions for the formation of the foundations of a humanistic worldview in children can be considered the study of ethnology, the history of the Ukrainian people, and the history of their region. Ethnology is a collection of knowledge about the people, their origin, settlement, history, national culture, everyday life, as a result of its study, the historical memory and spirituality of the younger generation is formed.

In order to love your land, you must get to know it, study the language, customs, traditions, morals, life and lifestyle of those who did not shy away from their land under any historical circumstances. Our ancestors must live in memory, we must pass on their glorious deeds, traditions, rites, and holidays to our children and grandchildren so that they realize what kind of tribe they belong to (Verbytskyi, Lytovchenko, Kovbasenko, 2012).

Analyzing the means of national culture used in folk pedagogy, we established that the educational potential of national culture is aimed at forming in children ethical, aesthetic, moral and worldview qualities of personality, a sense of national self-awareness, patriotism, and the development of creative abilities (Lappo, 2008).

Therefore, the means of national culture can be used as the basis of the content of ethno-cultural education, and as a result - the formation of a humanistic worldview. One of the effective means of humanistic worldview education, which contributes to the comprehensive development of the personality of students, is the activity of extracurricular educational institutions to involve them in art classes, which is based on the study, assimilation and transmission of Ukrainian traditional folk culture as a socio-historical phenomenon in which the worldview is reflected, moral, ethical and aesthetic values of the Ukrainian people

The analysis of work experience in extracurricular educational institutions shows that the correct organization of educational work is important for the humanistic education of students. The educational process in the groups takes place according to typical programs, in which the teacher makes changes regarding the topics, the order of their study, the distribution of hours, etc. The right to changes in the thematic planning and number of hours is provided in the structure of each program.

Based on a review of the scientific and pedagogical literature, we singled out the unity of the national orientation of education and its interdependence with practical activities as the main principle of forming the content of the curriculum for the education of humanistic worldview of students in extracurricular educational institutions. Nowadays, more and more often, the set of educational programs implemented in an educational institution is called its leading characteristic, which answers the question of how diverse and wide range of educational services the institution offers, how it satisfies the demand of children, their parents and founders.

The learning process of a child of primary school age is closely related to education, which appears as a multifaceted phenomenon. It is not limited to the formation of individual actions and concepts, but involves the appropriate organization of the child's entire life and activities as a whole. In the first grades, the child enters the world of knowledge, so the main emphasis, of course, falls on his intellectual development. In the future, the process of socialization is extremely important: the first lessons in social relations are school and extracurricular facilities.

Here, children are taught a humane attitude to the world, to reality, and are introduced to the rules of behavior. The content of educational material is of crucial importance, because the cultural and national heritage of the Ukrainian people is an inexhaustible source of such moral and ethical norms and requirements. In the process of analyzing the regularities of the age-related development of the psyche, associated with the transition from one from one type of leading activity to another, the importance of assimilation of social experience accumulated by previous generations was revealed.

To know one's people is to know the mother's song, which sowed seeds in the child's soul that grew into kindness, love and affection; to know the parental house, the path from which leads to the great world of native Ukraine; to know the grandmother's embroidery, forgotten and trampled by cruel time; it is to know grandfather's tale about truth and wrong. The traditional custom of mutual aid is a toloka, an unsilted well from which a Chumak traveler who traveled to the distant Crimea for salt drank water, portraits of the dearest person on the wall, a yellowed triangular letter kept in a box (Voropai, 1991).

Since ancient times, people have known that the "tree of life" is a branch on which three leaves grow: the first is a symbol of the past, the second is of the present, and the third is of the future. Images of the "tree of life" are found on ancient stones and show that people in ancient times knew about the inextricable connection between the past, present and future. Everything around us is a consequence of past events, and the future is born in what is happening now (Verbytskyi, Lytovchenko, Kovbasenko, 2012). All this is our ancestral memory, our symbols, our history, perhaps sad at times, but fundamentally - majestic, life-affirming. Do not forget, do not fade from memory these symbols, these living testimonies of the people's existence, save them from oblivion and indifference, make them an asset for our children and descendants.

The heritage of the Ukrainian people, and in particular, the Carpathian region, is rich. Ancient dreams and hopes, optimism, faith in victory, a better human destiny, humanistic principles characteristic of the people's worldview, were uniquely reflected in the history of Ukraine, in the most diverse traditions, customs and ceremonies, vividly expressed by the art of language.

The practice of cultural and educational institutions, out-of-school educational creative centers of Prykarpattia convinces that folk traditions should now become the primary basis for the national education of children and adolescents in the formation of a humanistic worldview of younger schoolchildren.

And one of the effective and necessary directions for the formation of a humanistic worldview in children is the education of their love for their nature and the surrounding environment. They can satisfy their interest in the plant world in in different circles, where they get the first knowledge and the first information about aesthetics, where they understand that all this beauty is achieved by hard work, and the employees of the regional center of scientific and technical creativity of the city's youth help organize special holidays, write together with children the scripts of story-game programs : "Topelka, her friends - defenders in sickness", "Ode to the willow", "Ball of flowers", "Red viburnum - a symbol of Ukraine" and others.

Such events are mostly held outdoors, in the central squares of the city, on the open stage of Taras Shevchenko Park. Poems from the mouths of children about the flora of Ukraine sound solemn and convincing, because this is their homeland:

Beyond the threshold - the world is rich. Ukraine is his mother. In a colorful wonderland. There are trees, herbs, flowers.

We can come to a conclusion about the considerable positive experience of extra-curricular institutions of the Carpathian region in the national-patriotic education of children and adolescents, in the formation and education of a humanistic worldview.

Children's holidays are effectively used as a form of cultural and educational education in the Frankiv region to instill in children love for the land of their grandfathers and great-grandfathers, to learn about the origins of national culture, their genealogy, and awareness of their historical roots. Well organized, they carry a great passion of national pride, leave a bright and joyful impression on children. This especially applies to such holidays as "Our Charms", "The Feast of Ivan Kupala", "Saint Nicholas Day", "Generous evening", "Easter holidays", "Living symbols of Ukraine", "Travel with flowering plants" and others.

A lot of interesting and useful things appear nowadays, even in such an important matter as the organization of children's leisure and recreation. In Prykarpattia, as in other regions of our region and throughout Ukraine, one of the most important tasks remains the organization of children's amateur folk art, with the help of which it is possible to effectively influence the formation of the national worldview of each specific child.

In each region of Ukraine, the main talismans of culture and upbringing, specific to a specific region, are preserved. All of them actually agree with the formation of a humanistic worldview of small citizens. The main thing is to approach each child in a timely and skillful way, to reveal his individual characteristics, and this is possible if all educational institutions are united locally and in the state.

We see this situation in a number of districts of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, and we will especially pay attention to the work of extracurricular activities in the mountainous regions of Prykarpattia. A striking example for the study of younger schoolchildren is folklore groups in almost every community.

In the Ivano-Frankivsk Region, much attention is paid to the upbringing of children by examples of respect for bread and agricultural professions. In almost all districts of the Carpathian region, a cycle of conversation-meetings is held annually for younger schoolchildren: "Bread in Ukrainian rituals", "Bread is the head of everything", etc. Children will learn that: bread has always been preserved; hymns were composed in his honor; the dearest guests are greeted with bread; at all times disrespect for bread was equal to the most serious crime; from childhood, a person was taught to appreciate a piece of bread as the greatest wealth on Earth. The people talked about bread as a living being: bread-feeder, bread-father.

Bread is one of the most important attributes of Ukrainian rituals. Traditions related to bread, which represents respect for work, better moral principles in general, continue to live today. It is important that the younger generation learn them.

A good example can be the extremely interesting, well-known in Ukraine and beyond, the children's music and folklore group of folk music "PETROVYCHI" from Verkhovyna, which successfully participated in the All-Ukrainian competition "Talents of Ukraine" and received high recognition for its talents. The members of the group are only students who have the patronymic Petrovych, which determined the name of the group. This group is a bright representative of the new Ukrainian of modern music, in which tradition sounds like a new word in culture, understandable to all people on all continents. It can be said that the Carpathians speak through the music of cymbals, violins, and tambourines, and the band's interpretation of musical works is a translation through cymbals of the sounds and rhythms of nature itself, among which the members themselves grow, live and create. The children's folklore collective has many creative artistic discoveries and festive events. They are constantly working on restoring the customs of their region, reproducing ancient musical art, filling it with modern content. After all, in this way they constantly expand their worldview.

This is also facilitated by clearly planned work in the team, which is aimed at cohesion, collectivity, mutual respect, improvement of playing instruments. The ensemble even has its own code of honor, in which the rules are formulated as mandatory.

1. Participants refrain from rudeness to each other.

2. Refuse nicknames, address each other only by name.

3. To work on oneself regarding the virtuosity of performance on the instrument

4. Guys are chivalrously polite with girls.

5. Everyone cultivates the qualities necessary for true friendship: honesty, justice, kindness, mutual assistance.

There is a widespread opinion in the public consciousness that "national education is not something that may or may not be", it is the primary basis of democratic principles of education and upbringing, the primary basis of the state's respect for itself. The national system of education should reflect the historical, geographical, economic features of the country, the psychological features of the Ukrainian people, and be adequate to their perception of the world. Observations confirm that a certain amount of work on Ukrainian national education is being carried out in all areas of Ivano-Frankivsk region. This practical experience, accumulated in recent years in various out-of-school institutions, needs generalization and theoretical understanding.

Conclusions and prospects of further research

It is indisputable that there is a need for education of pedagogical workers of extracurricular educational institutions, to increase the scientific level of programmatic and methodological support of the pedagogical process of forming a humanistic worldview in pupils of extracurricular educational institutions. A humanistic worldview will be effectively formed in the educational work of groups, provided that an integrated educational program is introduced into the educational process, the content of which covers various areas of group work and is aimed at realizing and preserving the spiritual, cultural and artistic heritage of the Ukrainian people and ethnic minorities, which live on the territory of Ukraine and directing the content of the students' practical activities to expand their ideas about the multi-ethnicity of the Ukrainian nation, historical unity and continuity of traditions. As well as the combination of traditional and innovative forms, methods and means of personality development in the educational process, the content of which is related to the humanistic education of students. Therefore, modern Ukrainian education involves a return to traditional Christian foundations, the affirmation of faith in goodness around and in oneself, service to Ukraine as a great duty of a citizen.

References

1Verbytskyi, V., LytovchenkoО.,Kovbasenko L. (2012). Optimizing the educational potential of an extracurricular educational institution: collective monograph / ed. O. Lytovchenko. Kyiv, 91-99.

2Voropai, O. (1991). Customs of our people.Kyiv.Vol. 2.

3Honcharenko, S. (1997).Ukrainian pedagogical dictionary. Kyiv: Lybid.

4Klepar, M.V. (2016). Pedagogical aspects of musical leisure in raising children. III International Conference «The Educational and Social World of a Child Between Institutional Space». Poznan, 203-210.

5Lappo, V. (2008).The formation of a valuable attitude to the native land in older preschoolers by the means of ethnoculture (on the example of the Hutsulethnoregion).Kyiv.

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