Formation of moral and ethical values in students of the new Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies

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Formation of moral and ethical values in students of the new Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies

M. Kopchuk-Kashetska

Abstract

At the present stage of creation of Ukraine as a democratic, legal state and its integration into the European community, the problem of forming moral and ethical values in students of the New Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies is becoming more relevant.

The effects of political and moral crises, globalization of society and detachment of the younger generation from national background, replacement of universal moral and ethical values by the youth subculture are becoming increasingly apparent. This encourages the use of innovative learning technologies at primary school lessons, the best ways of moral and ethical education of students based on various exercises, games and more. The centuries-old experience of the life of the Ukrainian people, its ideals, ideas of good and evil, sublime and ugly are concentrated in moral and ethical values.

The educational rate of moral and ethical values is that they are also the result of the practice of educating the younger generation. It is convincingly proved that the acceleration of the pace of life, a large flow of knowledge affects modern people, requires the ability to find the necessary solution quickly, using search methods and many different sources of information in this regard, among traditional forms and methods of teaching, innovative pedagogical technologies are increasingly used in pedagogical practice. The article reveals the problem of formation of moral and ethical values in students of the new Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies, theoretically substantiates and proves the feasibility of their use in primary school. The article describes the technologies that primary school teachers are successfully working on. The advantages of these technologies are revealed, their significance, essence and tasks are discussed.

Keywords: innovative technologies, game technologies, group technologies, technologies of developmental training, computer technologies, technologies of formation of creative personality.

Анотація

Копчук-Кашецька М. Формування морально-етичних цінностей учнів Нової української школи на основі використання інноваційних технологій

У статті розкрито проблему формування морально-етичних цінностей в учнів Нової української школи на основі використання інноваційних технологій, теоретично обґрунтовано і доведено доцільність їх використання у початковій школі. Представлено технології, за якими успішно працюють вчителі початкових класів в українських школах. Розкрито переваги цих технологій над іншими, акцентовано на їх значенні, сутності та завданнях. Аналіз проблеми щодо формування освіченої, творчої особистості, становлення її фізичного і морального здоров'я у процесі навчання та наші дослідження дали змогу зробити такі висновки:

1) Застосування сучасних інноваційних технологій у Новій українській школі сприяє активному і свідомому засвоєнню учнями навчального матеріалу.

2) Використання педагогічних технологій на уроках у початковій школі є одним із найбільш сучасних засобів розвитку особистості молодшого школяра, формування інноваційної культури; вони допомагають педагогові працювати творчо, ініціативно, з більшою професійною майстерністю.

3) Застосування технології розвивального навчання у початковій школі підвищує внутрішню мотивацію молодших школярів до вивчення різних предметів, збільшує час їх самостійної роботи та формує активне творче мислення.

4) Комп'ютерні навчальні програми з елементами гри сприяють кращому засвоєнню навчального матеріалу, створюють позитивне ставлення учнів до діяльності.

Виявлено, що значні труднощі під час розв'язання нестандартних задач можуть дати дітям і великі радощі - радість подолання, радість відкриття, радість творчості. З'ясовано, що сучасна система освітнього процесу Нової української школи потребує глибинних змін у підході до формування морально-етичних цінностей з використанням інноваційних технологій.

Ключові слова: інноваційні технології, ігрові технології, групові технології, технології розвивального навчання, комп'ютерні технології, технології формування творчої особистості.

Introduction

Analysis of the level of teacher training in Ukraine today allows us to draw conclusions about the need for major changes in education [12]. New requirements for the education system are, first of all, the formation of a creative personality capable not only of mastering the highest scientific and technological achievements but also of self-improvement, developing them [1]. This makes it possible to make the transition from reproductive to productive forms of learning. The development of mankind is becoming more and more dynamic [10]. This is evidenced by the analysis of any sphere of public life.

The educational process should be, as defined in the Concept of the "New Ukrainian School" (NUS Concept), an integral part of the entire educational process and focus on universal values, including moral and ethical (dignity, honesty, justice, care, respect for life, self-esteem and other people), and it is noted that the most educated person can become the worst criminal if he or she does not understand and does not share universal values. The new Ukrainian school will form values and judgments that serve as a basis for a happy personal life and successful interaction with society [4].

Solving the problem of the development of the person's intellect is possible only as a result of the principle of unity of learning, education and personal development, aimed at improving the quality of knowledge and creative abilities of students through the widespread introduction of active forms, modern teaching methods and techniques. Along with the acquisition of basic knowledge, modern education is increasingly faced with the task of teaching students to master new knowledge and information, learn to study, develop the need for lifelong learning. The social need for new generation schools requires special attention to innovation processes.

One of the features of the modern education system is the coexistence of two strategies for organizing learning - traditional and innovative [11]. Successful implementation of these problems by Ukrainian education will form a person with an innovative type of thinking, innovative type of culture, ready for an innovative type of activity, which will be an adequate response to the transition of civilization to an innovative type of development. Only by forming an innovative personality we will be able to become a competitive nation.

Analysis and discussion

Analysis of research and publications in which the solution to this problem is initiated. At present, a new education system is being formed in Ukraine. This process is accompanied by significant changes in pedagogical theory and practice of teaching and education. The content of education is enriched with new procedural skills, the development of the ability to operate with information, creative solutions to problems of science. According to T. Blyznyuk schools have to remain open to the world and to use innovations to survive. We cannot go on keeping schools aside of obvious changes: every day students bring the changing world inside their classrooms and much depends on the teacher's attitude to innovations. The universal application of digital content, in particular, requires from educators to develop not only students' abilities but also their own new competences. [2] innovative technology learning subject personality junior school

Alongside a significant role must be given to the spiritual education of the individual. The role of science in the creation of new pedagogical technologies is becoming more important. In the psychological and pedagogical sense, the main trends in the improvement of innovative educational technologies are characterized by the transition:

- from learning as a function of memorization to learning as a process of mental development;

- from the focus on the average student to differentiated and individualized programs;

- from external motivation of learning to internal moral and volitional regulation. Today, the principle of variability applies, it allows you to choose the pedagogical process according to any model, even the author's.

The purpose of this article is to substantiate and prove the feasibility of using innovative technologies in the new Ukrainian school. Presentation of the main material of the study. The main principal of primary school teachers is to use modern advances in age psychology, innovative learning technologies for the successful development of cognitive, intellectual, creative, physical abilities of primary school students while maintaining and increasing reserves of their physical, mental and sociocultural health. The effectiveness of the formation of moral and ethical values in students of the new Ukrainian school based on the use of innovative technologies depends on the professional level of the teacher, his personal moral qualities, knowledge and ability to use innovative methods of teaching and education and a variety of additional information important for the spiritual growth of students in the new Ukrainian school.

In the implementation of innovative methods and technologies, primary school teachers are guided by five basic commandments: love, believe, know, respect and understand the child as the main object and subject of educational activities. Love the child! Love for children is the core of pedagogical morality, the basis of teacher's culture. Believe in the child! Without faith in the child, without trust in him or her, all pedagogical wisdom, all methods and techniques of teaching and education are destroyed, as in the parable about the house which is built of sand. Know the child! If you don't know the child there is no education, no upbringing, no real teacher. Knowing the spiritual world of each child as deeply as possible is the first and most important task of a teacher. Respect the child! Do not consider yourself capable of solving the issues that need to be solved by a young person. Understand the child! Be able to put yourself in his or her place, see the world through the child's eyes, understand what is important for the child, what he or she aspires to [11].

The lesson is a mirror of the general and pedagogical culture of the teacher, a measure of his intellectual wealth, an indicator of his worldview, erudition. Innovative activity in th e classroom is a well-organized, rational and systematic work. The teacher prepares for a good lesson all his life. A lesson without innovative methods is a lesson of yesterday. It is known that only a creative teacher can cultivate a creative personality. And innovative forms and methods of methodical work help to bring up the creative teacher which provide modelling of real pedagogical situations, the joint decision of problems on the basis of the analysis of circumstances; contribute to the creation of atmosphere and cooperation, interaction; help the teacher to be a true leader of the children's team. Teachers learn to be democratic, communicate actively with others, think critically, make informed decisions [11]. We see a constant gap between the potential level of learning by students and the technologies used in primary school. Numerous studies have shown that the quality of education depends on the chosen educational technology, the degree of its adequacy of the situation and the contingent of students.

Along with traditional learning technology, there are technologies of personality-oriented learning. Today, various authors call a variety of technologies that belong to the personality- oriented, the generally accepted classification is still missing. In primary school, among the technologies that are focused on the student's personality, the following stand out: developmental learning technologies, game technologies, group technologies, computer (information) technologies, technologies of creative personality formation [1].

The formation of active, independent creative thinking of the student and on this basis the gradual transition to independent learning is the main goal of the technology of developmental learning. Tasks of developmental learning: to form a person with a flexible mind, developed needs for further knowledge and independent action, certain skills and creative abilities.

Developmental learning is the basis for the formation of a creative personality, and later - a creative personality, which has internal prerequisites that ensure its creative activity, not stimulated by external factors. Developmental learning is a process of student activity in which each child must independently or with the help of a teacher comprehend the material, creatively apply it in non-standard conditions and consciously memorize for further learning [6].

The value of the game cannot be underestimated. Its phenomenon is that, being an entertainment, a rest, it is able to grow into learning and creativity. The lesson, which is conducted in the form of a game, requires compliance with certain rules: prior preparation, there must be attributes of the game, mandatory statement of the results of the game, certain game moments may not be educational in order to relieve stre ss. The main thing is respect for the child's personality, not to "kill" the interest in work, but to try to develop it without leaving feelings of anxiety and insecurity. The essence of group learning technology is as follows: in group classes there is an interaction between the teacher and students and between students themselves. Advantages of group learning: to teach important life skills - the ability to listen, resolve conflicts, have their own point of view and stand on the point of view of others, work together; performance improves; the attitude to school changes; children see the value of mutual assistance. Types of group learning: learning in pairs, a small team, tasks for the whole class.

Computer-based learning tools are called interactive because they have the ability to "respond" to the actions of students and teachers, "enter into" dialogue with them, which is the main feature of the methods of this teaching. The computer can be used at all stages of the learning process: when explaining new material, consolidating and repeating. At the same time, it performs various functions for the child: teacher, work tool, learning object, playing environment. The main purpose of computer learning technology is to prepare students for a full life in the information society. Can these technologies be used in primary school? Yes, if you follow all the requirements for working on a computer [8].

Technologies of forming a creative personality are learning that is within the walls of the school, children must delve into the atmosphere of creativity, search for something new, question the established truth. This technology is closely intertwined with other technologies, but it also has its own individual features: the student's activities should not be regulated, it is necessary to constantly arouse the child's interest in learning. An important role in stimulating students' interest in work is played by the following tasks: selection by the teacher of tasks that require creative processing, generalization, systematization, skills and abilities to compare and analyze, search; the use of game moments that stimulate the manifestations of students' independence, their creative abilities; solving creative tasks. The technology of forming a creative student is focused on the individual. This means maximum individualization and differentiation of the educational process. A teacher who forms a creative personality must be an innovator in essence. Only then new ideas, progressive principles and techniques will help him to create new pedagogical technologies, introduce various innovations in the educational process. And only then will be rebuilt the entire system of education and training to increase its effectiveness [6].

Conclusions

Nowadays many major methodological innovations involve the use of interactive teaching methods. Therefore, changing the words of the great Chinese teacher Confucius, "What I hear, I forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand "can be formulated as a credo of interactive learning. What I hear, I forget. What I see and hear, I remember a little. What I hear, see and discuss, I begin to understand. When I hear, see, discuss and do, I acquire knowledge and skills." When I pass on knowledge to others, I become a master. As you can see, the learning process requires intense mental work of the child and his or her own activity in this process. It is not enough to explain, tell and demonstrate. The real result can be achieved only through innovative learning.

The new Ukrainian school should be based on the use of new innovative technologies, new models without which it is impossible to implement educational reform and the NUS Concept, as one of the most important components and form moral and ethical values in students of the new Ukrainian school.

References

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