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Abstract
Background of the formation of the modern system of musical and aesthetic education primary school students in the Republic of Korea
Kim O.
H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
The article discusses the early stages of the development of primary education and musical and aesthetic education of primary school students in Korea from antiquity to the middle of the twentieth century. It was established that the philosophical systems of the East - Buddhism and Confucianism - had a significant influence on the content of music education and aesthetic music education in Korea. The various forms of primary schools that appeared in Korea in the last decades of the Joseon dynasty in the late XIX - early XX century are shown private, public, Christian ones. It is noted the activities of the royal power to modernize the educational system after becoming acquainted with the musical traditions of the West. The goals of the activity of patriotic schools are named. In the frames of the First, Second, Third and Fourth Educational Policies the activities of the Japanese administration during the protectorate (1910-1945) is analyzed, which, depending on external and internal factors, fluctuated between the striving for Korean assimilation and periods of liberalization and tolerance to local traditions and customs. The content of musical textbooks for primary school students was analyzed, which were used in private patriotic schools to inspire young people at school to resist the colonial administration in order to prepare future leaders of the nation. The stages of the formation of the educational system are traced taking into account the volume of weekly training hours between various disciplines and the distribution by years of the three levels of secondary school education. A gradual increase in the time and content of musical and aesthetic education, an increase in the number of textbooks and quotas for Korean content compared with Japanese has been established.
The democratization of education after the restoration of statehood in the mid-twentieth century, the transformation and development of education in the Republic of Korea in accordance with the needs of the time are analyzed. The characteristic of the Curriculum is given in relation to compulsory subjects, electives and extracurricular activities. It is established that the duration of the first degree of secondary school in the Republic of Korea, in contrast to the domestic educational system, is longer and is of six years with a large amount of weekly hours of aesthetic disciplines.
Key words: Confucianism, the Joseon period, Changga, the period of the Japanese protectorate.
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