Acmeological principles of health-preserving component formation of professional physical readiness of agricultural specialties students

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ACMEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH-PRESERVING COMPONENT FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL PHYSICAL READINESS OF AGRICULTURAL SPECIALTIES STUDENTS

A.V. Sakhnenko

Annotation

agroindustrial professional physical specialist

The greatest value under fundamental human rights is one's life and health. The formation process foundations of harmoniously developed personality of the future specialist of the agroindustrial sector are laid in higher education. Its fundamental aspects are: good health, negative attitudes towards bad habits, the healthy lifestyle formation, achieving high and sustainable performance through exercise and sports. And that is why the acmeological component of health formation and preservation is especially important, because it acquires the deeper meaning in the context of solving modern society problems and, above all, human development, physical capabilities, spiritual potential and more. Recognized experts in the field of developmental psychology and acmeology pay the great attention to the human health state, which, of course, depends on harmonious personality formation and its "acme" achievement, its development peak.

The presented article considers acmeological principles of professionally oriented physical education of agricultural specialties students. The professional physical fitness structure of agricultural industry specialists is determined, which includes cognitive, physical and healthpreserving components.

However, 100 agricultural specialties students took part in the pedagogical experiment.

Gennadiy Leonidovych Apanasenko's method was used to determine the level of students' physical health. The study revealed a positive effect of the acmeological component of professionally oriented physical education on the health-preserving component formation of professional physical fitness of agricultural specialties students. The average somatic health index in the experimental group improved by 9,1 points and was qualitatively consistent with the average level of physical health. At the final study stage, students with low and below average physical health were not found among the experimental group.

Key words: acmeology, health, acmeological principles, technology, level, indicator, professionally oriented, professional physical fitness, component, health-preserving, agricultural specialties students.

Анотація

АКМЕОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗДОРОВ'ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНОГО КОМПОНЕНТУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ АГРАРНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

А. В. Сахненко

Найбільшою цінністю відповідно до основних прав людини є її життя та здоров'я. Основи процесу формування гармонійно розвиненої особистості майбутнього фахівця агропромислового сектору закладаються у вищій школі. Його фундаментальними аспектами є: зміцнення здоров'я, негативне ставлення до шкідливих звичок, формування системи здорового способу життя, досягнення високої та стійкої працездатності через заняття фізичною культурою і спортом. І саме тому особливого значення набуває акмеологічна складова формування та збереження здоров'я, оскільки воно набуває більш глибокого сенсу в контексті вирішення сучасних завдань суспільства і, насамперед, розвитку людини, її фізичних можливостей, духовного потенціалу тощо. Визнані фахівці в галузі психології розвитку та акмеології приділяють велику увагу стану здоров'я людини, від якого, безумовно, залежить формування гармонійної особистості та досягнення нею "акме", тобто вершини свого розвитку.

У представленій статті розглянуто акмеологічні засади професійно орієнтованого фізичного виховання студентів аграрних спеціальностей. Визначено структуру професійної фізичної готовності фахівців аграрної промисловості, що включає когнітивний, фізичний та здоров'язбережувальний компоненти.

У педагогічному експерименті брали участь студенти аграрних спеціальностей у загальній кількості 100 осіб.

Для визначення рівня фізичного здоров'я студентства було застосовано методику Г. Л Апанасенка. У результаті проведеного дослідження було виявлено позитивний вплив акмеологічної складової професійно орієнтованого фізичного виховання на формування здоров'язбережувального компоненту професійної фізичної готовності студентів аграрних спеціальностей. Середній показник індексу соматичного здоров'я в експериментальній групі покращився на 9,1 бала і за якісними оцінками відповідав середньому рівню фізичного здоров'я. На кінцевому етапі дослідження студентів із низьким та нижче середнього рівнем фізичного здоров'я серед представників експериментальної групи виявлено не було.

Ключові слова: акмеологія, здоров'я, акмеологічні засади, технології, рівень, показник, професійно орієнтоване, професійна фізична готовність, компонент, здоров'язбережувальний, студенти аграрних спеціальностей.

Introduction of the issue

Modern science in the field of physical culture provides an integrated assessment of human health, associated with its components multifactorial and syncretic nature: physical activity level, genetics, gender, energy potential, learning conditions and lifestyle. And in this context, the main elements of health strengthening of the future professionals' generation in various industries and non-productive areas are students' physical culture, sports and social orientation to the healthy lifestyle. The process foundations of forming a harmoniously developed personality of the future specialist are laid in the high school. First of all, it is the health promotion, achieving high and sustainable performance through exercise, recreation and sports [12].

Considering the process of professionally - oriented physical education of students of agricultural higher educational institutions in the context of acmeological approach, it can be argued that its main purpose is formation an appropriate professional fitness level of future professionals to achieve professional acme, characterized by the higher degree of professionalism.

Acmeology studies professionalism as the highest stage of human development, which examines the problems and contradictions between the growing amount of information, on the one hand, and the time, required to master it, on the other [14].

Modern scientists define the acmeology objects as a person who reaches the higher development level, high potentials and top achievements of various subjects of social activity. The subject is subjective and objective factors that contribute or hinder the mature personality progressive development, and mechanisms that provide the opportunity to achieve the highest level of its development - acme [14].

A thorough analysis of scientific sources shows that, despite the large number of scientific acmeologists works, the problem of the health-preserving component formation of professional physical fitness of future specialists in the agricultural industry remains poorly reviewed.

The work was performed in accordance with the consolidated plan of research work of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture Department of A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University for 2016-2020 on the scientific theme "Theoretical and methodological foundations of physical education of different groups" (state registration number 0116U000900).

Current state of the issue

Scientific literature analysis [6; 10] allowed to define professional physical fitness as an integrative personal education, which includes various components: a set of knowledge, the level of development of professionally important physical qualities and physical health, adequate to the future profession requirements and content. Revealing the professional physical fitness structure of agricultural specialties students, the following components - cognitive, physical and health have been identified [15].

The health component of professional physical fitness characterizes the physical health state of the agricultural industry future specialist. Its indicator is the level of physical health. It should be stressed that the basis for the formation and development of the successful specialist's personality is the proper health level, including physical. It is the formation and maintenance of the proper physical health level that provides the acmeological principles of the organization of students' professionally oriented physical education.

According to the classification proposed by M. S. Goncharenko, the health technologies composition includes physical culture and health technologies and technologies to ensure the life safety [2; 11]. In addition, scientists have proven the positive impact of physical education on the students' physical health [3-5; 7; 9; 11; 13]. Thus, it can be argued about the ratio of cognitive, physical and health components and their complex impact on the formation of the proper physical health level, as the basis of professional physical fitness of agricultural specialties students.

According to scientists S. P. Kost and V. P. Yasinsky, the development of health (physical, mental, moral) personality and the healthy environment creation is impossible without the acmeological component and are realized at the following levels: value-motivational, which is manifested in desire to maintain health, activity, purposefulness; behavioral, which is characterized by the enthusiasm degree for the healthy lifestyle, their activities, the need for movement; reflexive-evaluative, which reflects the ability to assess and understand their inner world state; emotional-sensory, which reflects the ability to self-control, the ability to control their feelings and emotions; cognitive means the desire to learn about the healthy lifestyle conditions; ethnofunctional, which characterizes the holistic man's health from the standpoint of ethnodifferential and ethnointegrative features [8].

Outline of the unresolved issues brought up in the article. Insufficient research on the impact of the acmeological component on the formation of the health-preserving component of professional physical fitness of agricultural specialties students led to the choice of our study direction.

Aim of research

The aim of our study was to examine the effectiveness of the acmeological component of professionally oriented physical education in the formation of the appropriate physical health level of agricultural specialties students.

Research methods

On the one hand, are based on theoretical and methodological procedure of analyzing the problem field of the research by moving from the general to the specific, that is, from theoretical aspects of the problem field to its practical aspects. On the other hand, the researching process presupposes the extrapolation procedure of system-theoretical reduction and simplification of the analyzed phenomena. Among the research methods there are the analysis and pedagogical experiment that help to unify the acmeological principles of health-preserving component formation of professional physical readiness of agricultural specialties students.

Results and discussion

The study involved students of Agronomy and Nature Management Faculty of Sumy National Agrarian University in a total of 100 people, who were classified in the main group for health reasons. The control and experimental groups included 50 young men. The pedagogical experiment lasted for two academic years and covered the period from September 2017 to June 2018.

However, 336 hours of classes were planned for students of the control and experimental groups during two study years - 224 of them were classroom and 112 were independent. The workload for the academic year was 168 academic hours, 112 of which were classroom classes, and 56 - independent. The weekly workload in both groups was six academic hours: four of them - classroom classes, two - independent, lasting 2 academic hours for each.

Classroom classes of the experimental group depending on the tasks, methods and tools were divided into lectures, practical and interactive. In addition to lectures, students were provided with theoretical knowledge in practical and interactive classes, as well as individual explanations and recommendations for conducting independent classes on professionally oriented physical education. Individual organizational class forms were not planned in the workload and were related to organizational and educational work. Such classes were held as needed. Their main task was to work with students who missed classes or lagged behind classmates in terms of one of the three components of professional fitness. Usually, the weekly workload of individual classes ranged from two to four academic hours, the schedule was determined separately by each teacher. Interactive classes were planned in a network of classroom classes and alternated with practical ones.

In order to form a health-preserving component during the experiment, developing acmeological technologies were used. Among them - selfdevelopment technologies and psychotechnologies aimed at the development of man's motivational, cognitive, emotional and moral spheres.

The use of self-development technologies took place during independent classes and involved the performance of individual tasks and the development of complexes of physical exercises aimed at improving the health and physical performance of agricultural industry future specialists. Individual tasks stimulated the discovery of a creative approach to their solution and the development of reflection.

Psycho-technologies were implemented during practical, interactive classes, sports and mass work were provided for the use of game and competitive teaching methods. Within the framework of these methods, mobile games, sports games, relay races and competitions in individual and team sports were carried out, which contributed to the development of moral and volitional qualities and communication skills, theoretical knowledge and motivation to improve and maintain students' health and selfimprovement.

The acmeological basis of professionally oriented physical education has led to the creation of a number of the following pedagogical conditions necessary for the formation of a health-preserving component of professional physical fitness of the agroindustrial complex future specialists:

- cognitive activity intensification and the motivation level increase;

- the information environment improvement;

- stimulating the development of reflection and self-control.

Solving health problems, in accordance with acmeological principles, involves the acquisition of theoretical knowledge about safety rules during exercise and at work, methods of self-control, the formation of values for the healthy lifestyle and disease prevention, the formation and maintenance of proper health - as a result of professionally oriented physical education. Thus, as a result of professionally oriented physical education classes, agricultural specialties students have to:

- have a significant amount of theoretical material on professionally oriented physical training, specialists' safety and working conditions features in the agro-industrial complex.

- to master the amount of knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports (knowledge of basic concepts definitions, development methods of physical qualities, etc.);

- know the performing exercises technique of professionally oriented and general physical training;

- be able to independently compose complexes of morning and industrial gymnastics in the chosen specialty direction;

- know the basic tools and principles of training for professionally oriented and general physical training;

- be able to properly select tools and dose the load, using methods of selfcontrol, for independent physical education classes;

- know the basics of the healthy lifestyle, the negative impact on the body of bad habits;

- be able to organize activities of active recreation in free time from study and work.

- have an appropriate level of professionally-oriented physical fitness (not below average);

- have a proper level of physical health (not below average);

- have an appropriate level of professional physical fitness (not less than sufficient).

The effectiveness verification of the formation of the health-preserving component of professional physical fitness was carried out at the initial and final stages of the pedagogical experiment by the rapid assessment method of the somatic health level after G. L. Apanasenko [1]. At the beginning of the experiment, the control and experimental groups had no significant differences in somatic health.

Studies of students' anthropometric and physiometric indicators at the initial stage of the formative experiment (Table 1) suggest that these indicators quantitative values in both groups correspond to the age norms of young men development. The average body length was 175,70^- 0,77 cm. in the control group and 174,98 - 0,87 cm. in the experimental group. The body weight of the control group was 73,5^- 0,8, in the experimental group - 72,8^- 0,81 kg. There was no significant difference between the average students' height and weight in the control and experimental groups (p>0,05).

Anthropometric and physiometric indicators of students within control and