Strategy "One Belt-One Road" and its influence on the development of hig her education in China
To define the main essence of the strategy "OneBelt-OneRoad". nalyze the effect of this strategy on thedevelopment of the system of higher education inChina. The article highlights main points of One Belt-One Road strategy, which is relevant in China.
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Strategy "One Belt-One Road" and its influence on the development of hig her education in China
Yang Zhuang
H.S.SkovorodyKharkivNationalPedagogicalUniversity,
Ukraine
The article highlights main points of One Belt-One Road strategy, which is relevant in China today.Although this strategy is targeted, first of all, at the development of economic activities of the country ithasagreate?ectonthesystemofeducationaswell.ThepurposeofthearticleistopresenttheessenceofthestrategyOneBelt-OneRoadinordertounderstandthechanges,whicharehappeningintheChinesesocietyanditssystemofhighereducation.Duringtheworkonthearticle,themethodsofcriticalanalysisofscientificliterature,themethodofsystematizingandgeneralizingtheinformationonthestrategyOneBelt-OneRoadwereused.Intheprocessofresearchitwasfoundoutthatthepathofcivilizationplaysa crucial role in the implementation of this strategy. A new set of tasks which has an influence on the ed-ucationispresented(creationofamultilevelmechanismforhumanitariancooperationanddevelopmentof even more platforms for cooperation with strategic partners; promotion of educational cooperation,expansionofmassstudentexchange,increaseofthelevelofjointnewlycreatededucationalinstitutions;usageoftheroleofthinktanks,creationofanallianceandnetworkofthinktankcollaboration;creationofa new model of collaboration in the spheres of culture, sports, and health; usage of the historical culturalheritage). On the analysis of the main points of the strategy it was concluded that One Belt-One Roadstrategyineducationalareasisreflectedinthreemaindirections(internalizationoftheeducationalsystemin the country; new approaches to the formation of the specialists to be; high requirements to academicsta?ofhigherinstitutionsofChina).Theanalysesofeachofthehighlighteddirectionsisgiven. one road strategy education
Keywords:OneBelt-OneRoadStrategy,education,internalization,newapproachestoteaching,re-quirementstoacademicsta?
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Formulationoftheproblem
Thenewparadigm of education, which is being establishedintheworldatthebeginningoftheXXI-stcentury,isconnectedwiththerethinkingoftheroleofhighereducationintheeducationalsystemofChinaaswell,asitisimportanttounderstandand analyze the waysof the formation of highlyqualifiedspecialistswhoareabletothinkcreatively and approach the organization of workin a non-standardway.
Particular attention to the training of highlyqualifiedspecialistsisalsoconnectedwiththesuccessful implementation of the One Belt-OneRoadstrategy,whichopensupnewopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofcooperationbetweenChinaandothercountries,spreadingChineseculture and strengthening the sharing experiencebetweenothernations.
Analysisofthemainresearchandpublicationsinwhichtheproblemissolvedhasshowntha
TthestrategyOneBelt-OneRoadisofinterestforscientists.Thus,ChenSyue and Tsiyu Minfen investigated opportunitiesand challenges in promoting the One belt, oneroad initiative in China, Li Sinjun studies somedifficulties,whichfaceChineseeducationalestablishmentswhenimplementingOneBelt-One Road strategy, Huan Luntan researched theplaceof softforce inthe framework ofthis theory, BayLuinvestigatedtheroleoninternalizationin higher education of China. However, scientificliteraturelacksworks,reflectingthechangeswhich should take place in the system of highereducationofChina.
Purpose of the publication is to high light theessence of the strategyOneBelt-OneRoad in order tounderstand the changes, whicharehappeningintheChinesesocietyanditssystemofhighereducation.Thiscallsfortheofthefollowingsolutionofthefollowingobjectives:
to define the main essence and principles ofthe strategyOneBelt-OneRoad;
to analyze the effect of this strategy on thedevelopment of the system of higher education inChina.
Research methods
During the work on thearticle,themethodsofcriticalanalysisofscientificliterature,themethodofsystematizingandgeneralizing the information on the strategy OneBelt-OneRoadwereused.Theseapproacheshelpedidentifythefeaturesofthephenomenaunderconsiderationandthewaysofthedevelopment of the system of higher education inChina.
Theresults.Thestatestrategyofthedevelopment One Belt- One Road is the result ofchanging the nature and essence of internationaleconomicrelationsaswellasChina'sinternational commitmentandimplementationofChinesetraditionalcountryininternationalsocialandeconomicdevelopment.ThisstrategyincludesEconomic Belt of the Silk Road and MaritimeSilkRoadoftheXXI-stcentury[3,p.7].
Weshallmentionthat One Belt- OneRoadInitiativeisadevelopmentconceptofcooperation,andnotthetraditionalmodelofdevelopment of real economics. It entirely reliesonthebilateralcollaborationofChinawithitsbusiness partners and adheres to the principle ofpeaceful development, actively develops forgingeconomic partnerships with countries, which arepart ofthisinitiative.
Italsojointlycreatesacommunityofinterestsofmutualtrust,economicintegration,whichencompasses the spheres of culture, communityresponsibility, and community destiny. With thegradual advancement of the One Belt-One Roadinitiative, countries that rarely cooperated before,and countries that cooperate strengthened theircooperationevenmore.AsofJanuary2018,over 100countriesandinternationalorganizationsparticipatedinvariousprojectsandprogramswhichwereinitiatedbyOneBelt-OneRoadstrategy[1].
InMay2017,Beijinghostedahigh-levelforumdevotedtothedevelopmentoftheBeltand Road initiative, where a lot of representativesfromdifferentcountrieswereinvited.Thiseventpromotedthestrategyonthenewstage,turningitintoawiderlarge-scaleinternationalundertaking.
Thedefinitionofanewstageinthedevelopment of the One Belt- One Road strategywas presented in the Xi Jinping's speech on May14, 2017, where he analyzed its achievement andoutlinedmainvectorsofitsdevelopment.Itshouldbe noted that the fifth element of this strategy isdevoted to the Interconnection of human heartsand is considered to be a humanity basket in theframes ofthis strategy.
XiJinpingpointedoutthatsince2013thecountries,takingpartinthisinitiativesandlaunchingit,havedevelopedcollaborationnotonlyinbusiness,butinthefieldsofeducation,culture, health care system as well. This strategyhasalloweddevelopingexchangeprogramsbetween nations, creating strong basis in publicopinion.Theleaderannouncedthateveryyeartheygave10thousandspecialscholarshipsforthecountries of the Silk Road. The authorities of theChineseRepublicencouragedtheorganization ofpeople'sculturalandeducationalexchanges,festivalsofcinemaandart,conferencesanddialoguesofthinktanksaswell.
InhisspeechXiJinpingintroducedanupdatedset of tasks, targeting on the construction of thepath ofcivilization, whichmeans:
the creation ofa multilevel mechanism forhumanitariancooperationanddevelopmentof even more platforms for cooperation withstrategicpartners;
thepromotionofeducationalcooperation,expansion of mass student exchange, increaseof the level of joint newly created educationalinstitutions;
theusageoftheroleofthinktanks,creationofanallianceandnetworkofthinktankcollaboration;
the creation of a new model of collaborationinthespheresofculture,sports,andhealth;
theusageofthehistoricalculturalheritage[8].
ScientistspointoutthatChinahasrichculturalresources, but it has not learned how to turn theminto soft power so far, as the country doesn'thave the right media tools for its transmission toforeignpartners,aswellastheexperienceofusingthe potential of non-governmental organizationsinthis area.
InordertosolvethisproblemitwasrecommendedtocreateSilkRoadCulturalDevelopmentFund.ItsmaintargetistohelpChineseculturalenterprisesmakeinvestmentsandcommercialacquisitionsinthecountries,whicharethepartnersoftheOne-Belt-OneRoadstrategy,supportinternationalculturalforums,promoteexchangesfolkculturesanddevelop cultural tourism, support the creation ofworks of art and cinema, preserve the historicaltracesofthecultureoftheSilkRoad.
This structure is also targeted at the culturalinfluence on other countries, relying on economicleversandsupportofthestate.ThisexampleshowsthatduringtheimplementationoftheOneBelt-OneRoadproject,theChinesesidepromotescultureanditsvalues,completewithpolitical ideas, seeks to acquire influence on theelitesofothercountriesinordertoencouragethemtomakeappropriatedecisions[9].
SomeChinesescientistssuggestusingtheideas of traditional Confucianism, which have anattractivehumanisticcontent,asasupportforculturaladvancementinthecountries-partnersoftheOneRoad-OneBeltstrategy.SunDajun (School of Cultural Creativity and Communicationof Huainan Pedagogical Institute) advises to unitethe countries, using the culture of a noble man.Its founders were the ancient sages Confucius andMengzi,andthisideasincludetheethicalnormsofConfucianism.
Thecharacterofthenoblemanshouldcombineself-improvementandthe aspirationto put in order the family and the state, honestyand deception in relations with people. This set offour values also reminded in his speech Xi Jinpingin October 2013 at a meeting on diplomatic workwith neighboringcountries.
AnothervariantoftheConfucianmodelofcooperationinOneBelt-OneRoadputsthepath of devotion and generosity. These ethicalvalueswereformulatedinthetextLunyu.Devotion requires helping other people to getthe same achievements that the individual does,and generosity means not to do to other peoplewhatyoudonotwant yourself.
Animportantideaofrespectanddignityfor partners is rooted in the Confucian way ofdevotionandgenerosity,whichisthegoldenrule in order to achieve the unification of humanhearts. If, on the basis of Confucian ethics, peopleshouldconsciouslycareforotherpeopleandprotecttheirinterests,itwillbepossibletoreducehostilityandconflicts.TheimplementationoftheOneBelt-OneRoadinitiativeshouldhelpencourageotherpeopletogetontheirfeetwithout harmingthem.
Li Shihe and Xu Jiuping believe that the SilkRoadneedstheConfucianspiritofequality,inclusiveness, humanity and good deeds for otherpeople.TheynotethatthedesiretodogoodtoCelestialEmpireinChinesecultureinitiallymeansinternationalcooperation.
Summingup,weshallnotethattheimplementationofthestrategyOneBelt-OneRoadineducationalareaisreflectedinthreemain directions:
internalizationoftheeducationalsysteminthe country;
newapproachestotheformationofthespecialiststobe;
highrequirementstoacademicstaffofhigherinstitutionsofChina.
Asitstandstoday,oneofthemaintasksoftheChinesehighereducationsystemistheinternationalizationofeducationwhichshouldbeeffectivelyintegratedintotheeducationsysteminmosthighereducationinstitutions.
Thecentralgoalofthisprocessistoeducatehighly qualified professionals with knowledge inseveral areas, and acquisition of necessary skillsandfinallycreatetheinternationaleducationalteams,bothinscientific,cultural,andartisticdirection[3;4,.3].
Asthetrend of economic globalizationisconstantlyacceleratedanddeepened,theproblemoftrainingqualifiedpersonnelattheinternational level has become more acute. AfterthestrategyOneBelt-OneRoadhasbeenaccepted, the construction of internationalizationof higher education has become an important linkin the development of higher education in Chinaand the training of competitive personnel at theprofessionallevel[2,. 121].
ChinesehighereducationexpertsdirectlylinkthesuccessofculturalcooperationintheimplementationoftheOneBelt-OneRoadstrategywiththedevelopmentofitseconomiccomponent.Inparticular,thestrengtheningofinternational cooperation through cooperation inthe cultural and artistic spheres determines thefurther development of economic cooperation. Inits turn, in the economic sphere, the strategic ideaofforeignanddomesticpolicyOneBelt-OneRoad helps regulate the economic structure andoptimize industry. Innovative technologies, whichare used due to the requirements formed by thestrategic idea, are an important link in regulatingthestructureofindustryanditssustainabledevelopment.Thisprocessofimprovingtheefficiency of the economy in general and industryin particular leads to an increase in the need forhighly qualifiedcreativestaff[6].
Takingintoaccounttheincreasedattentionto the issue of internationalization, the ability tocommunicate in a foreign language has becomeone of the necessary requirements for specialiststobe.Themaingoalistoformcompetitivepersonnel, which could take part in internationalprojectswithoutany languagebarrier.
Itispointedoutthatthestudyofforeignlanguages contributes not only to the increase ofthe level of students' knowledge, but it deepenstheunderstandingofculturaldiversityaswell.Knowledgeofaforeignlanguageexpandstheinternationalhorizonsofstudents,cultivatesinternational consciousness, increases the abilityto intercultural communication and develops theinnovativepotentialoftheindividual.
Accordingly,itisemphasizedthatChinesehighereducationandeducationmanagement institutionsshouldhavehighestregardforforeignlanguage teaching. The practical implementationof this aspect we can see in teaching two foreignlanguages and the offer of optional disciplines tostudents.
In addition to teaching English, specialists inhigher education in China emphasize the need todevelop teaching of Russian or Ukrainian, as thesecountriesareimportantstrategicpartners.
HighlyqualifiedspecialistsoftheculturalsectoraredefinedasthekeytoasuccessfulstimulationofstrategicideasoftheNewSilkRoadpolicyOneBelt-OneRoad.Accordingly,itisgenerallyacceptedthatintheprocessofeconomicdevelopmentofthestaffingisofmajorstrategicimportanceandhighlyqualifiedcreativecadrepersonnelistheeliteofhumanresources[4].
InmoderneducationalenvironmentofthePeople's Republic of China it is indisputable thatthe strategic ideas of the policy One Belt - OneRoad provide a direct opportunity to effectivelydeepen and improve trade, economic, social andpolitical relations between countries and createthenecessaryconditionsfornewmultilateralinternationalcooperation.
In this case, the primary importance is giventoeducationalandculturalfactors.Inparticular,it is believed that in order to establish productiveties with the countries involved, it is necessary tostrengthen international partnerships, one of themost effective ways of which is the cooperation inthedevelopmentofculturalrelations.Thistaskisaccomplished,toalargeextent,bythesystemoftrainingandeducationoffar-sightedhighlyqualifiedspecialists,scientists,culturalfiguresand diplomats with international communicationskills, which should be acquired primarily in theprocessofstudyinginhighereducation.
In the strategic idea of the One Belt - OneRoadpolicy,theproblemofimprovinganddeepening the system of education of diplomatsandspecialistsininternationalorganizations,including ones in the field of cultural cooperation,is accepted as extremely important. Thus, whenstimulating strategic ideas of the One Belt - OneRoadpolicy,thetrainingofhighlyqualifiedcreatively oriented personnel is consideredtobethemostimportantfactor.Itshouldbeemphasized that this strategy includes not onlyeconomicandsocio-politicalcomponents,butalso the sphere of culture, the field of training ofculturalandartisticfigures[7].
IntheofficialconceptofChina'shighereducationsystem,inparticularinthepartdedicatedtotheprocessoftraininghighlyqualifiedpersonnel,thepersonnelevaluationsystemshould be transformed from types of knowledgetotypesofabilities,i.e.theemphasisisprimarilyon the amount of accumulated information, as itused to be. It is characterictic that this applies notonly to the training of specialists-to-be in the fieldof social, political and economic relations, but thespecialistsinthefieldofcultureandart.
ThismeansthattheconceptofeducationinChineseuniversitiesistobereformattedfromtheexaminationsystemtothequalityeducation system. Particular attention in creatinga new concept of education that meets the urgentneedsoftoday,includingintheculturalsphere,ispaidtotheconstructionoftheeducationalprocessbasedonthedevelopmentofpersonalabilitiesofstudents.Itisreasonablybelievedthatonlyinthiswayuniversitystudentsshallhave real opportunities to gain free space for thedevelopmentandenhancementofresearchandinnovation skills, as well as creative and artisticachievements.
Forthepracticalimplementationofthisprocessinordertoimprovethesystemofhighereducationandbringitintoline withtherequirementsofmodernsociety,anumberofmeasuresareprovidedtochangetheverystructure of the educational process. In particular,itisbelievedthatitisnecessarytocreateanorganizationalstructureofnumerousmatrices:
matrixofacombinationofscientificresearchwithadministrativeandmanagerialwork;
amatrixofcombiningtheprocessofstudywith research;
a matrix of a combination of different projectsanddifferentacademicdisciplines.
Itshouldbenotedthattheimplementationofthesematricesnotonlyprovidesmoreopportunitiesforcoordinationbetweenorganizations, but also promotes the sharing ofresourcesinresearchprojects,andultimatelyleads to improved results in the training of highlyqualified creativestaff.
Atthesametime,intheareasoftheeducationsystem,highereducationinstitutions,includinginstitutionsforthe training offuturespecialistsinthefieldsofcultureandart,mustadheretothe principle Everything is for the student. Inaddition to traditional educational and scientificwork,theemphasisisontheneedtoprovide training programs that best meet the individualabilitiesofeachofthefutureprofessionals,i.e.on the actualization of the personal approach tolearning [5, .16].
Directly in the process of educational process,inparticular,inthefieldoforganizationofeducational disciplines, it is necessary to providethe opportunity where there ismore space forindividualchoiceofthelearningstratagy,includingcreative tasks. Along with this, it is believed thateducational institutions should improve teachingsystemsinthefieldoforganizationofspecialeducation,provideopportunitiestodisseminateknowledgetostudydisciplinesinvariousspecialties,toeducateinnovation-oriented,andcreatively awarestaff.
However,ontheotherhandtheChinesegovernmentunderstandthatonlyahighlyprofessionalacademicstaffisabletotrainprofessionalspecialists.Thehighprofessionalleveloftheteachingandresearchstaffisrecognizedasanecessary,integralpartintheprocess of training specialists and highly qualifiedstudents.Accordingtothis,theformationofteachersandtheirprofessionaldevelopmentplay an important role in the training of modernspecialistsinhighereducation.
It is emphasized that the teaching staff shouldtry to keep up with innovative ways and methodsofteachingdisciplines.Itisclearthatnowadays it is necessary to train a specialist not only withgood knowledge, but also the ability to use it inpractice, to teach students to think independently,makedecisions,workingroups,developcommunication,artistic,creativeabilities,takeresponsibility[2].
Thus,itcanbeconcludedthathighereducation in China focuses on the implementationofthestrategyOneBeltOneRoad,whichaimstoeconomicandculturaldevelopmentofthecountrythroughtheexpansionofinternationalcooperation with partner countries, including notonlyeconomicandsocialandpoliticalspheres,butalso in the field of culture and arts. It is believedthattheestablishmentofculturalinteractionisa necessary prerequisiteforeffectiveeconomic,educational,scientificcooperation.Accordingly,atthisstageofthedevelopmentthetrainingofhighlyqualified,internationallycompetitivespecialistsbecomesespeciallyimportant.
Initsturn,thisdeterminestheneedtoimprovetheeducationalprocessinhighereducation,whichispracticallyaccomplishedbystrengtheninganumberofnecessaryelements,suchaslearninga foreign language, applying individual approach,masteringinnovativetechnologies,developinginternationalcooperationintheeducationalprocess,anddeepeninginterdisciplinaryconnections.
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3. VanGogan(2015).Odinpoyas-odinput`:innovacziyakonczepcziimezhdunarodnoje`konomikinaosnovaniikitajskoj tradiczionnoj kul`tury`[ One Belt - One Road : Innovation of the Concept of International EconomyBasedonChineseTraditionalCulture].Issledovaniemezhdunarodny`khfinansov.Iyul`..3-10.(inRussian)
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