Educational model of physical training of students of bio-technological profiles

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

EDUCATIONAL MODEL OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF BIO-TECHNOLOGICAL PROFILES

Bogdan Semeniv¹, Andrew Babych¹, Petro Bilenjkyj², Taras Prystavsjkyj¹, Olexander Kovban¹

¹ Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z.Gzhytskyj, Lviv, Ukraine,

² Lviv higher professional polytechnic school, Lviv, Ukraine

Abstract

physical education training students

In modem socio-economic conditions professional training of students in higher educational institutions is of great importance, which most concretely represents the principle of organic connection of physical education with the practice of work. The assistance in the preparation of harmoniously, highly skilled specialists is the purpose of physical education in educational institutions. In the process of training from the course of physical education, the tasks are to be solved: education of students of high moral, volitional and physical qualities, readiness for highly productive work; preservation and strengthening of health, assistance in the correct formation and comprehensive development of the organism, support of high working capacity throughout the period of training; comprehensive physical training of students; their profile physical training taking into account the peculiarities of future labor activity; acquisition of students the necessary knowledge on the basics of theory, methodology and organization of physical education and sports training; education of students convinced of the need to regularly engage in physical education and sports. Ukraine has a wide range of activities that create the necessary working and living conditions, improve the external environment, including the production environment, the further development of health care. At the same time, human activity, physical culture and sports are important factors for improvement, health promotion, which ultimately enhances the creative activity of man and his ability to work. Physical culture is an integral part of human life. Physical exercises play a significant role in the ability of members of society, which is why knowledge and skills in physical culture should be laid out in educational institutions of different levels in stages.

Despite the scientific achievements in the physical education and sport system, most of the issues of professional training were left out of the attention of domestic and foreign physicists and sports scientists. Taking into account this, we faced the task of developing an educational model of the professional physical training of students of the specialty of production and processing of livestock products and to identify the main components of the content of profiling physical training. We have developed the content of the curriculum for students of the specialization of the production and processing of livestock products, which consisted of two blocks: physical education and physical training.

Key words: profile physical training, content, education, experts, model, students, occupations, experiment, physical education.

Богдан Семенів, Андрій Бабич, Петро Біленький, Олександр Ковбан

ОСВІТНЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПРОФІЛЮЮЧОЇ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ БІОЛОГО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОФІЛІВ

У сучасних соціально-економічних умовах важливого значення набуває професійна підготовка студентів у ВНЗ, яка найбільш конкретно втілює принцип органічного зв'язку фізичного виховання з практикою трудової діяльності. Мета фізичного виховання в навчальних закладах - сприяння підготовці гармонійно розвинених, висококваліфікованих фахівців. У процесі навчання з курсу фізичного виховання передбачено виконання завдань: виховання в студентів високих моральних, вольових і фізичних якостей, готовності до високопродуктивної праці; збереження й зміцнення здоров'я, сприяння правильному формуванню та всебічному розвитку організму, підтримки високої працездатності впродовж усього періоду навчання; усебічна фізична підготовка студентів; їх профілююча фізична підготовка з урахуванням особливостей майбутньої трудової діяльності; придбання студентами необхідних знань з основ теорії, методики й організації фізичного виховання й спортивного тренування; виховання в студентів переконаності в необхідності регулярно займатися фізичною культурою та спортом. В Україні здійснюється широкий комплекс заходів, що створюють необхідні умови праці та побуту, оздоровлення зовнішнього, у тому числі й виробничого, середовища, подальший розвиток охорони здоров'я. Водночас активність людини, засоби фізичної культури та спорту є важливими чинниками вдосконалення, зміцнення здоров'я, що, у підсумку, підвищує творчу активність людини, її працездатність. Фізична культура - невід'ємна частина життя людини. Вона займає досить важливе місце в навчанні, роботі людей. Заняття фізичними вправами відіграють значну роль у працездатності членів суспільства, саме тому знання й уміння з фізичної культури повинні закладатися в освітніх установах різних рівнів поетапно.

Нами розроблено зміст програми профілюючої фізичної підготовки студентів спеціальності виробництва та переробки продукції тваринництва, який складався з двох блоків: фізкультурна освіта та профілююча фізична підготовка.

Ключові слова: профілююча фізична підготовка, зміст, освіта, експерти, модель, студенти, заняття, експеримент, фізичне виховання.

Богдан Семенив, Андрей Бабич, Петр Беленький, Тарас Приставский, Александр Ковбан

Образовательная модель профилирующей физической подготовки студентов биолого-технологических профилей.

В современных социально-экономических условиях важное значение приобретает профессиональная подготовка студентов в вузах, которая наиболее конкретно воплощает принцип органической связи физического воспитания с практикой трудовой деятельности. Целью физического воспитания в учебных заведениях является содействие подготовке гармонично развитых, высококвалифицированных специалистов. В процессе обучения по курсу физического воспитания предусматривается решение задач воспитания у студентов высоких моральных, волевых и физических качеств, готовности к высокопроизводительному труду; сохранение и укрепление здоровья, содействие правильному формированию и всестороннему развитию организма, поддержание высокой работоспособности на протяжении всего периода обучения; всесторонняя физическая подготовка студентов; их профилирующая физическая подготовка с учетом особенностей будущей трудовой деятельности; приобретение студентами необходимых знаний по основам теории, методики и организации физического воспитания и спортивной тренировки; воспитание у студентов убеждённости в необходимости регулярно заниматься физической культурой и спортом. В Украине осуществляется широкий комплекс мер, создающих необходимые условия труда и быта, оздоровления внешней, в том числе и производственного, среды, дальнейшее развитие здравоохранения. Вместе с тем, активность человека, средства физической культуры и спорта являются важными факторами совершенствования, укрепления здоровья, в конечном итоге повышает творческую активность человека, его работоспособность. Физическая культура - неотъемлемая часть жизни человека. Она занимает достаточно важное место в учебе, работе людей. Занятия физическими упражнениями играют значительную роль в работоспособности членов общества, именно поэтому знания и умения по физической культуре должны закладываться в образовательных учреждениях различных уровней поэтапно.

Несмотря на имеющиеся научные достижения в системе физического воспитания и спорта, большинство вопросов профилирующей физической подготовки остались без внимания отечественных и зарубежных ученых по физическому воспитанию и спорту. Учитывая это, перед нами встала задача разработать образовательную модель профилирующей физической подготовки студентов специальности производства и переработки продукции животноводства и определить основные компоненты содержания профилирующей физической подготовки. Нами разработано содержание программы профилирующей физической подготовки студентов специальности производства и переработки продукции животноводства, состоящий из двух блоков: физкультурное образование и профилирующая физическая подготовка.

Ключевые слова: профилирующая физическая подготовка, содержание, образование, эксперты, модель, студенты, занятия, эксперимент, физическое воспитание.

Introduction

Domestic and foreign scientists on physical education and physiology was determined the state of professional training of students of higher educational institutions of about one hundred specialties. The analysis of literature and practice has shown that despite the undeniable scientific achievements in the field of physical education, a considerable part of the questions of profile training of students of higher educational institutions was left out of the attention of domestic and foreign scientists of physical education and physiology. Even where the specified type of physical education is carried out at a high organizational- methodical level, the effectiveness of physical training with the account of the chosen specialty is available only for the period of students studying in higher educational establishments. After graduating from the educational institution graduates quickly lose their level of physical training and, as a rule, do not use the acquired skills and abilities to increase their physical fitness, increase their special ability to work and prevent professional diseases. All this testifies to the need to improve the curriculum of the student's physical education.

In recent years, many searches have been conducted on the study of the problem of reducing motor activity of student youth in the process of learning [1; 3; 4], improvement of the content of physical education of students [7; 8]. Several authors emphasize the need to use the latest technologies and techniques in physical students education of higher educational institutions to increase motivation in classes [1; 5; 11].

Fundamentals of special physical training, taking into account the specifics of future professional activities, are laid down in the works of R. T. Rayevskyj, V. A. Maksymovych. Problems of increasing the effectiveness of profile physical training are devoted to the work of V. A. Romanenko, G. G. Lapshyna and others.

By the efforts of many scholars, in particular L. P. Pylypej, О. І. Podlesnyj, S. I. Prisyajnyuk, B. S. Semeniv were defined content, forms and methods of using physical culture and sports to increase the effectiveness of young specialists training, which made it possible to organize in many higher educational institutions of the country targeted work on the physical training of students, taking into account the profile chosen by them [1; 3; 11]. Such attention is due to the fact that profiling physical training is one of the forms of preparation of students for future work [4; 9].

However, noting the scientific and practical interest in the problem of professional training of students, it is possible to note, that this direction in the system of physical education requires further study and improvement. Examples of profound scientific substantiation of the main physical training of students in a number of specialties do not solve this important problem for all higher educational institutions, especially those trained by future specialists in the production and processing of livestock products. However, the labor efficiency of the technologist for the production and processing of livestock products largely depends on his individual abilities in terms of productive mental labor, the degree of endurance and the restoration of the functions of his organism, that is from his ability to work. Scientists of physical education and physiology proved, that a low level of physical and mental work capacity leads to rapid fatigue and overwork, a large number of errors and failures in the technological process of production, decrease in creative activity [5; 8]. A good functional state of the organism, in the first place, the cardiovascular and central nervous system, which has a maximum load [5; 6; 9], is of great importance for the successful work of the livestock production technologist. Searches have shown that technologists who are engaged in physical education are less likely to seek medical care than their non-athletes [8].

The Purpose of the Search. In the process of physical education give the student knowledge, skills, skills that will allow him to independently identify factors that adversely affect his state of health, compile and implement complexes of purposeful fitness and health training regimes, aimed at health promotion, prevention of professional diseases, increase of special ability to work and maintain it at a high level in the course of all professional activities.

Research Objectives

1. To develop an educational model for professional physical training of students of LNUVM and BT named a fter S. Z. Gzhytskyj.

2. To carry out an experimental verification of the developed educational model of professional physical training of students of LNUVM and BT named after S. Z. Gzhytskyj.

Material and Methods of Research

The object of scientific research: educational process of profile physical training of students.

Subject of research: content, forms, means, methods of formation of knowledge, skills and abilities of students of LNUVM and BT named after S.Z. Gzhytskyj from the profile physical training in the process of physical education.

Research Methods:

1. Theoretical: analysis of educational normative documentation, psychological, pedagogical and methodical literature with the purpose of determining the state and perspectives of search problem; comparison of different views of scientists on the problem under investigation to determine the research directions and conceptual-categorical apparatus.

2. Empirical: pedagogical observation of the educational process, questioning and pedagogical testing for diagnosing the level of physical preparedness of student youth; pedagogical experiment (stated, forming) for the purpose of obtaining the information necessary for the development of an educational model of professional physical training of students in the process of learning, formation of knowledge, skills and motor abilities in the system of physical training of students, as well as to check its efficiency and improve the students health.

3. Mathematical methods of information processing.

Research Results. Discussion. The research was conducted on the basis of the Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S. Z. Gzhytskyj.

In consideration of experts with the department of physical education, sports and health of LNUVM and BT named after S. Z. Gzhytskyj (11teachers) and professorial departments (27 teachers of LNUWM and BT named after S. Z. Gzhytskyj), an educational model was proposed from the course of students' profiling physical training.

87,5 % of the experts actively supported our thesis on changing the priorities in the work on the physical education of students: it is much more important to give the student the necessary physical education than to solve the issues of their own physical training. The experts were motivated by their decision that any achievements in the physical training of students at the educational institution will quickly disappear after its completion, if the graduate is not able to continue such work on their own. It should be noted that the issue of proper profiling of fitness during training in the educational institution, experts also considered important, however put it in second place.

According to the results of the expert evaluation, we proposed two basic blocks in the educational model of students' profiling physical training: educational (theoretical) and practical PPT.

The experts were asked to fill out a questionnaire developed by us, which contained an author's version of the system of means for theoretical and practical training of students from the PPT.

The results of the expert evaluation of the author's version of the educational model of student's physical training are shown in table 1, from which it is evident that the greatest support of experts was given to positions 1.2 and 1.6 of the first section and position 2,3 of the second section. The discussion on this issue has shown that experts considered the most important thing so that the graduates are well aware of the theory and methods of physical training in the light of their future profession and able to implement them independently, and, to create the proper conditions for the student for classes in physical education and sports, taking into account professional activity (2.3).

Three positions (1,7, 1,8, and 1,9) did not receive support from most experts, therefore, they were excluded from the final version. After the discussion it became known that the development of the methods of prediction of resistance to fatigue (1,8) did not receive more than 50 % of the vote just because it was concerned not all specialties, but methods for assessing the effectiveness of the PPT in the discussion the discussion sounded like a necessary knowledge to a graduate, but only 47,6 % of the votes received the questionnaires.

The experts noted during the discussion, that measures on the physical training of students, offered in the educational model with the aim of increasing the educational and special ability to work (2,1) and for the purpose of prophylactics and prevention of professional diseases (2,2), can and should be realized on regulated physical education lessons, as well as in independent classes outside the schedule.

Table 1

Results of Expert Evaluation of the System of Means of Physical Education of Students LNUVM and BT Named After S. Z. Gzhytskyj

In total, of the 13 sections that were proposed in the working version, the experts left 8 sections, and did not add any. The final version of the system for training students in the PPT program counted 8 measures: four of the theoretical physical education and four of the practical profile physical training.

On the basis of preliminary expert evaluation data, a variant of the educational model of student training was compiled to the use of physical culture and sports in future professional activities (educational model of physical training is shown in fig. 1).

Our curriculum developed by us, the program and the content of profiling physical training have undergone an experimental substantiation in the conditions of real educational and pedagogical activity. For this purpose from September, 2016 from the students of the fourth year studying in the specialty of technology of production and processing of livestock products, two groups were formed: one is experimental, for which the educational process of profile physical training was constructed on the basis of worked out and reflected in the sections of the working curriculum and the schedule of the educational process; the second one is the control, where profiling physical training was carried out with the help of traditional principles and methods of teaching without a definite educational theoretical section, mainly due to practical physical training.

The interview, which was conducted before the beginning of the experiment with the students of both groups, showed that the students of the experimental group (20 persons), and the students of the control group (20 persons) were equally illiterate in the educational and theoretical issues of profile physical training.

Fig. 1. Educational Model of Professional Physical Training of Students

During the first semester of 2016, the educational and theoretical material from the PPT were submitted to the students of the experimental group, and were conducted methodological exercises on the organization of PPT. After that, a student assessment of the profile of physical training was carried out, the results of which are shown in table 2.

Table 2

Success of Students of Experimental and Control Groups
From the Educational, Theoretical Course of Professional Physical Training

As can be seen from the above data, the students of the experimental group basically mastered the knowledge necessary for the organization of their professional activities. Their success in all the themes of the program ranged from 3.8 to 4.8 points. There were some cases of unsatisfactory marks of certain topics in the experimental group: on themes 2 and 5, respectively, one, two marks.

Students who did not pass such training (control group) could not give correct answers to most questions. According to table 2, their success was basically unsatisfactory - 2,27 points (from 2,02 to 2,5).

During the 2nd semester 2016 to 2017 students from the experimental (20 people) and the control group (20 people) were independently used the means of physical culture and sports during the educational process, and during the passing of the industrial practice.

Table 3

Comparative Characteristic of Special ability of Graduate Students

As can be seen from table 3, the professional ability of students of the experimental group after conducting a pedagogical experiment was higher almost once for the students of the control group.

All this testifies, however, wh en a student possesses the knowledge and skills necessary to strengthen his health, the improvement of physical state, increase of his professional ability to work - motivation for physical education classes in him is growing almost twice as compared with the control group.

This is evidence of the effectiveness of using the educational model of student's physical education.

Fig. 2. Influence of Molding Experiment on Physical Capacity, Where: № 1 - to the Beginning; № 2 - at the end of the Experiment

The special physical student capacityof the experimental group after the pedagogical experiment as can be seen from Figure 2 was higher than the control group students by 15-20 %.

Table 4

Джерела та література

1. Пилипей, Л. П. Професійно-прикладна фізична підготовка студентів [Текст]: монографія. Суми: ДВНЗ «УАБС НБУ», 2009. 312 с.

2. Подлесний О. І. Професійно-прикладна фізична підготовка студентів у вузі. Наукові записки. Київ: Вид. дім «КМ Академіа», 1999. Т. 9. Ч. 2. С. 282-289.

3. Присяжнюк С. І. Фізичне виховання: навч. посібник. Київ: Центр учеб. лит., 2008. - 504 с.

4. Раєвський Р. Т., Халайджі С. В. Професійно орієнтоване фізичне виховання студентів енергетичних спеціальностей. Теорія та методика фізичного виховання. 2007. № 3. С. 36-37.

5. Романенко В. А. Диагностика двигательных способностей человека / В. А. Романенко. Донецк: ДНУ, 2005. 72 с.

6. Семенів Б. С. Профілююча фізична підготовка студентів: навч. посіб. Львів, 2016. 138 с.

7. Семенів Б. С. Обгрунтування змісту професійно орієнтованої фізичної підготовки студентів факультету харчових технологій. Фізичне виховання, спорт і культура здоров 'я у сучасному суспільстві: зб. наук. праць Волинського національного університету імені Лесі Українки. Луцьк: Волинський нац. ун-т імені Лесі Українки, 2012. № 2 (18). С. 191-194.

8. Семенів Б. С. Забезпечення термінового ефекту підвищення працездатності студентів спеціальностей «Харчові технології». Фізичне виховання, спорт і культура здоров'я у сучасному суспільстві: зб. наук. праць Східноєвропейського національного університету імені Лесі Українки. 2013. № 1 (21). С. 233-237.

9. Семенів Б. С., Лапшина Г. Г. Професійно-орієнтована фізична підготовка студентів: навч.-метод. посіб. Львів, 2012. 144 с.

10. Семенів Б. С. П. М.Біленький, О. Т. Голубева та ін. Формування мотивації в учнів професійно-технічних закладів до занять фізичною культурою та спортом. Фізичне виховання, спорт і культура здоров'я у сучасному суспільстві: зб. наук. праць Східноєвропейського національного університету імені Лесі Українки. 2017. № 1 (37). С. 83-89.

11. Присяжнюк С. І. Фізичне виховання: навч. посіб. / С. І. Присяжнюк, В. П. Краснов, М. О. Третьяков, Р. Т. Раєвський, В. Й. Кійко, Ф. В. Панченко. Київ: Центр учб. літ., 2007. - 192 с.

12. Balsevich V. K. Methodological Bases Of Human. The 6^{1 d} Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science. Jyvaskyla. 2002. P. 178.

13. Bulicz E., Murawow I. Zdrowie czlowieka і jego diagnostyka. Efekty zdrowotne actywnosci ruchowej. Radom: Politechnica R. 2003. 533 s.

14. Hopper C. Fisher B., K. D. Munoz. Physical activity and nutrition for health. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 2008. 374 p. + CD. (World of wellness health education series).

15. Wilmore J. H., Costiili D. L. Physiology of sport and exercise. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 2004. 726 p.

16. Hardman K. Contemporari issues in phisical education / K. Hardman, K. Green. Mayer & Mayer Verlag, 2011. 300 p.

17. Visek A. J., Watson J. C., Hurst J. R., Maxwell J. P., Harris B. S. Athletic identity and aggressiveness: A cross- cultural analysis of the athletic identity maintenance model. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2010. Vol. 8(2). P. 99-116. doi:10.1080/1612 197X.2010.9671936

References

1. Pylypei, L. P. (2009). Profesiino-prykladna fizychna pidhotovka studentiv [Tekst]: monohrafiia [Professional- applied physical preparation of students]. Sumy: DVNZ «UABS NBU», 312.

2. Podlesnyi, O. I. (1999). Profesiino-prykladna fizychna pidhotovka studentiv u vuzi [Professional-applied physical training of students in higher educational estamlishment]. Naukovi zapysky. K.: Vydavnychyi dim «KM Akademia», 9(2), 282-289.

3. Prysiazhniuk, S. I. (2008). Fizychne vykhovannia: navch. Posibnyk [Physical education]. K.: Tsentr uchebnoy lyteratury, 504.

4. Raievskyi, R. T. & Khalaidzhi S. V. (2007). Profesiino oriientovane fizychne vykhovannia studentiv enerhetychnykh spetsialnostei [Professionally oriented physical education of students of energetic specialities]. Teoriia ta metodyka fizychnoho vykhovannia. 3, 36-37.

5. Romanenko, V. A. (2005). Diagnostika dvigatelnyh sposobnostei cheloveka [Diagnosis of motor abilities]. Doneck: DNU, 72.

6. Semeniv, B. S., Yakymyshyn, I. D., & Stakhiv, M. M. (2016). Profiliuiucha fizychna pidhotovka studentiv [Profiling physical training of students]. Navch. posibnyk. Lviv, 138.

7. Semeniv, B. S. (2012). Obgruntuvannia zmistu profesiino oriientovanoi fizychnoi pidhotovky studentiv fakultetu kharchovykh tekhnolohii [Grounding of professionally oriented physical preparation of students from the faculty of food technologies]. Fizychne vykhovannia, sport i kultura zdorovia u suchasnomu suspilstvi: zb. nauk. prats Volynskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky. Lutsk: Volynskyi nats. un-t imeni Lesi Ukrainky. 2 (18), 191-194.

8. Semeniv, B. S. (2013). Zabezpechennia terminovoho efektu pidvyshchennia pratsezdatnosti studentiv spetsialnostei «Kharchovi tekhnolohii» [Providing of urgent effect of increasing of workability among for food technology students]. Fizychne vykhovannia, sport i kultura zdorovia u suchasnomu suspilstvi: zb. nauk. prats Skhidnoievropeiskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky, 1 (21), 233-237.

9. Semeniv, B. S. & Lapshyna H. H. (2012). Profesiino-oriientovana fizychna pidhotovka studentiv: navch.- metod. posib. [Professionally-oriented physical training of students]. Lviv, 144.

10. Semeniv, B. S., Bilenkyi, P. M., Holubeva, O. T., Vasyliv, O. V. & Prystavskyi, T. H. (2017). Formuvannia motyvatsii v uchniv profesiino-tekhnichnykh zakladiv do zaniat fizychnoiu kulturoiu ta sportom [The development of motivation towards physical training and sports in students of professional schools]. Fizychne vykhovannia, sport i kultura zdorovia u suchasnomu suspilstvi: zb. nauk. prats Skhidnoievropeiskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky, 1 (37), 83-89.

11. Prysiazhniuk, S. I., Krasnov, V. P., Tretiakov, M. O., Raievskyi, R. T., Kiiko, V. Y. & Panchenko, F. V. (2007). Fizychne vykhovannia: navchalnyi posibnyk [Physical education]. K.: Tsentr uchbovoi literatury, 192.

12. Balsevich, V.K. (2002). Methodological Bases Of Human Ontokineziology. The 6¹'¹ Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science. Jyvaskyla, 178.

13. Bulicz, E., & Murawow, I. (2003). Zdrowie czlowieka і jego diagnostyka. Efekty zdrowotne actywnosci ruchowej. Radom: Politechnica R., 533.

14. Hopper, C., Fisher, B. & Munoz, K. D. (2008). Physical activity and nutrition for health. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 374 (World of wellness health education series).

15. Wilmore, J. H., & Costiili, D. L. (2004). Physiology of sport and exercise. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 726.

16. Hardman, K. & Green, K. (2011). Contemporari issues in phisical education. Mayer & Mayer Verlag, 300.

17. Visek, A. J., Watson, J. C., Hurst, J. R., Maxwell, J. P. & Harris, B. S. (2010). Athletic identity and aggressiveness: A cross-cultural analysis of the athletic identity maintenance model. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology.8(2), 99-116. doi: 10.1080/1612 197X.2010.9671936

Размещено на Allbest.ru