Морально-етичне виховання в українській сім’ї (друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ століття)

In the work the folllowing items are proved that moral and ethical education of children is considered to be the most extensive and complicated task where the attention of pedagogues, parents, educators and teachers was paid to. The evidence of this the following works of famous pedagogues, historians and ethnographers are analysed, in particular, L.Artyukh, R.Chmelyk, V.Dmytrovskyj, K.Fortunatov, Yu.Hoshko, V.Horlenko, H.Hrushevskyj, V.Kozlov, O.Kravets, V.Naulko, V.Ohrimovych, A.Ponomaryov, P.Yefymenko and others. These items are also proved by scientific researches of the famous modern Ukrainian pedagogues - T.Alyeksyeyenko, H.Avdiyants, M.Boryshevskyj, O.Dokunina, H.Kryshtal, , D.Lutsyk, T.Rudenko, I.Sidanich, O.Suhomlynska, O.Vyshnevskyj, K.Zhurba and others.

In the first chapter the detailed chracteristic of the Ukrainian family in the second half of the XIX century - the beginning of the XX century is depicted, it is proved that the dominant principles of its activity were changed by social, historical, political and material factors. The content and values of moral and ethical education are analysed and the methods of their realization in the life of the Ukrainian family in the second half of the XIX century - the beginning of the XX century and is also proved that common to mankind values remained dominant for the Ukrainian family in the most difficult periods of their lives.

In the work the interaction of the family, church and community is proved in the process of formation of traditions of moral and ethical education, it is proved that the family in the process of education of the children and youth based its opinion on the sound public one; the responsible and humane position in this case was devoted to school, religious communities, public organizations, where the community was the most important institution of that period for our Ukrainian society.

In the research the practice of education of moral and ethical values of the children and youth in Ukrainian family in the second half of the XIX century - the beginning of the XX century was analysed in details. The analysis of the scientific sources of the given period shows that the idea of moral and ethical education was the leading one in the realization of the tasks of the formation and development of the personality in the family. It is proved that the most important factor of moral and ethical education of the children in the family was its positive psychological climate, rhythm of the family life, moral traditions and unwritten rules of common life together in the family, which in general formed family and life culture.

Especially active instruments for formation of moral and ethical family values were practical methods of education: work, games, household duties, to take care of old parents, unable or young people, connection with God, nature and noble people. The Ukrainian family has formed the whole system to join their children to work to form the moral personality. The empiric experience of Ukrainians in case of moral and ethical education of children was formed by the nation during its history and was based on the idea of love, honour, generousity, justice, dignity and faith.

The role and functions of parents were determined in the process of development of moral traditions in the family. Mother's, father's, grandfather's, grantmother's, godparents' and guardians' tasks were differentiated in the process of moral and ethical education. It was proved that the index of moral health of the nation was people's attitude to unable, old, ill people, orphans and the poor.

The actuality and possibility to introduce the historical experience of moral and ethical education into life of our modern Ukrainian family. It is proved that the best traditions and pedagogical sets of the mentioned process may be used with great success in the life of our modern Ukrainian family that experiences the most difficult crisis and needs healthy and moral basis for normal development and education of their children.

Key words: Ukrainian family, moral and ethical education, values, morality, ethics, traditions, child, family.

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