The Postmodern Paradigm: Shaping the Philosophy for the Future Landscape of Public Administration

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

The Postmodern Paradigm: Shaping the Philosophy for the Future Landscape of Public Administration

Valerii Akopian

Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor,

Dragomanov Ukrainian State University (Kyiv, Ukraine)

Kostyantyn Zakharenko

Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor,

Dragomanov Ukrainian State University (Kyiv, Ukraine)

Tetiana Zhyzhko

Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor,

Dragomanov Ukrainian State University (Kyiv, Ukraine)

This article delves into the profound impact of postmodernism on the trajectory and evolution of future public administration. The 20^h century witnessed radical changes in worldview, marking the transition from modernity to postmodernity. The basic principles of postmodernism, encompassing deconstruction, fragmentation, future shock, and cultural relativism, have instigated a paradigm shift challenging traditional administrative frameworks (M. Foucault, J.-F. Lyotard, A. Toffler, etc.). The article explores how these postmodern tenets influence administrative practices, power structures, and the very nature of governance. Postmodernity is characterized by a unique attitude towards truth, acknowledging its relativity, and by decentration, the absence of a single center, replaced by multipolarity and globalization. "Post-truth" replaces truth, posing new challenges to the future of public administration. The public administration of the future will be shaped by existing trends, including Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), etc. It will also depend on modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, data analysis, and data-driven decision-making, as underscored by the need for digitalization in response to the pandemic (according to EIB). However, alongside advantages, there are also challenges, such as issues of liability in the use of Alfor future public administration. These risks can be mitigated through collaborative and participatory governance models, adaptive leadership, an emphasis on inclusivity, diversity, and social equity, addressing environmental concerns, advanced training courses, and other strategic measures.

Keywords: Philosophy, Postmodernism, Public Administration, Future Governance, Technological Impact.

Introduction

postmodernism public administration

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that extremely dynamic and unstable modernity, we are talking about socio-political, cultural, social and other aspects of human existence, is faced with a rapidly approaching future. Phenomena such as accelerating change, culture shock, paradigm shift, fundamental change, post-industrial society, psychosocial crisis and others, largely determine modern society and the society of tomorrow. “Previously, men studied the past to shed light on the present. I have turned the time-mirror around, convinced that a coherent image of the future can also shower us with valuable insights into today. We shall find it increasingly difficult to understand our personal and public problems without making use of the future as an intellectual tool” (Toffler, 2022). Future Shock (1970) stands as a seminal work by the American futurist Alvin Toffler, delving into the profound effects of rapid technological and cultural changes on both individuals and societies. Coined by Toffler himself, the term “future shock” aptly describes the disorientation and stress experienced by individuals as they grapple to keep pace with the swift changes in their environment. In this book, Toffler extensively explores the escalating speed of technological advancements and the consequential challenges it imposes on individuals and societies alike. A key aspect of his discussion revolves around the overwhelming impact of information overload, a concept remarkably prescient in anticipating the struggles associated with coping with copious information in the digital age. A significant thematic focus of the work is the imperative for individuals and societies to adapt to the evolving cultural norms and values accompanying these rapid changes. Mentioned book underscores the need for proactive adaptation as an essential strategy to navigate the complexities arising from swift technological and cultural transformations.

The research methodology is intricately linked to the subject matter, with a specific focus on multidisciplinary and qualitative research. The selected methods are tailored to capture the intricate and nuanced interactions between postmodernism and public administration. One of the pivotal methodologies employed is a critical literary method, facilitating the in-depth analysis of main ideas across a diverse spectrum of literature. Additionally, content analysis and case studies are integral components of the research approach. A key facet of the methodology involves conducting a comparative analysis between public administrations that have embraced postmodern principles and those adhering to more traditional models. This comparative approach extends to evaluating key performance indicators, innovation outcomes, and stakeholder satisfaction. The aim is to discern potential advantages or disadvantages associated with the adoption of postmodern approaches in the realm of public administration. By employing these methods, the research endeavors to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between postmodernism and public administration.

Postmodern paradigms: navigating the transformative currents in public administration

Postmodernism, as a philosophical and cultural movement, has exerted a profound influence on various fields, and public administration is no exception. This article explores the transformative role of postmodernism in reshaping both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of public administration, challenging traditional paradigms and fostering new approaches to governance. Postmodernism emerged as a reaction to the modernist ideals that dominated the early to mid-20^th century. Modernism emphasized objective truths, grand narratives, and a belief in progress through rationality. In contrast, postmodernism questions these certainties, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of truth and a recognition of diverse perspectives. According to Jay D. White and Guy B. Adams: “Modernity has had the effect of narrowing the concept of reason to the point of rendering it inadequate to the needs of research and theory. Postmodernity, at least in its starker versions, threatens to discard reason altogether. We want to argue here that a more broadly construed concept of reason - one consonant with its understanding through most of human history - can still serve as a foundation for research and theory in public administration” (White & Adams, 1995: 1). In public administration, this has led to a reevaluation of foundational concepts. The future of public administration is likely to be shaped by various dynamic factors, reflecting the evolving needs of societies, technological advancements, and changing governance paradigms. While predicting the future with certainty is challenging, several trends and possibilities can be identified.

Postmodernism emerged as a replacement for modernism, questioning its belief in the absolute authority of reason. The profound impact of devastating world wars revealed the shortcomings of unquestioning reliance on human reason. The conviction in progress and the omnipotence of reason played a substantial role in shaping the field of public administration. However, a purely rational approach to understanding the complexities of the human condition proved inadequate. As a result, philosophers, political scientists, economists, cultural experts, and public administrators have intensified their examination of emerging phenomena, seeking to offer forward-looking assessments. Jean-Frangois Lyotard, a prominent postmodern philosopher, introduced the concept of “metanarratives” in his influential work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979). Metanarratives, also known as grand or master narratives, are overarching, comprehensive stories or theories that attempt to explain the historical development, purpose, and direction of societies. He was critical of these metanarratives, arguing that they no longer effectively legitimized knowledge in the postmodern era. According to philosopher, traditional metanarratives, such as those provided by religion, philosophy, or science, had lost their credibility and explanatory power. He contended that in a diverse and pluralistic world, no single narrative could claim universality or provide a comprehensive explanation for all aspects of human experience. French philosopher identified the decline of grand narratives as a characteristic feature of the postmodern condition. He argued that skepticism toward overarching explanations emerged due to the increasing awareness of cultural, social, and linguistic diversity. In a postmodern society, people became more attuned to the existence of multiple, often conflicting, narratives. “Our working hypothesis is that the status of knowledge is altered as societies enter what is known as the postindustrial age and cultures enter what is known as the postmodern age” (Lyotard, 1984: 3). Later he adds: “Transformation in the nature of knowledge, then, could well have repercussions on the existing public powers, forcing them to reconsider their relations (both de jure and de facto) with the large corporations and, more generally, with civil society (Lyotard, 1984: 6). Traditional notions of bureaucracy, with their hierarchical structures and rigid procedures, have been reconsidered in light of postmodern thought. Postmodernism challenges the idea of a universal, one-size-fits-all administrative model, acknowledging the importance of context-specific approaches and cultural diversity. The shift is towards embracing complexity, acknowledging multiple truths, and recognizing the limitations of grand narratives in understanding the intricacies of governance.

Postmodernism's impact on public administration extends beyond theoretical discussions to tangible changes in administrative practices. Administrative processes are no longer viewed as linear and predictable; instead, they are seen as dynamic and context-dependent. The emphasis is on adaptive governance that responds to the complexities of a rapidly changing world. In 2016, the Oxford Dictionaries selected “post-truth” as the “Word of the Yeaf'. Post-truth is defined as a concept where objective data takes a backseat, yielding precedence to emotions and personal beliefs. This example vividly illustrates the profound transformations occurring in society and the realm of public administration. Given that public administration extends beyond academia to encompass practical dimensions, political scientists worldwide have grappled with comprehending and elucidating this emerging reality, where the concept of truth has become relative.

Hannah Arendt argues that in order to accept a new phenomenon, it is necessary to give it a term in order to understand it: understanding itself is a kind of balance of old and new, and in the example of “post-truth”, in order to understand it, it is necessary to have an idea of the truth: “Understanding is unending and therefore cannot produce final results” (Arendt & Kohn, 2005: 308). Postmodernism indicates the end of modernism, and with it such ideas as “truth”, “culture”, “society”, “state”. A logical and very important question arises: how is public administration possible in “post-truth” conditions? “It is customary to attribute to postmodernism the rejection of a single objective truth in favor of a multitude of subjective and relative truths, and the argument that there is no single true scientific theory and no single metanarrative, but rather a multitude of theories and narratives that are created from a variety of perspectives, none of which take precedence over the othef' (Brahms, 2020: 11). The absence of a singular objective truth signifies the breakdown of fundamental principles and any form of centrism. How does the absence of centrism impact public administration? This phenomenon is attributed to the trends prevalent in contemporary society.

Decentrism, in the context of postmodernism, refers to a rejection of centralized or absolute perspectives. It aligns with the idea that there is no single, fixed point of view or source of authority. Instead, postmodern thinking emphasizes the multiplicity of voices, perspectives, and interpretations. The absence of a central, authoritative narrative allows for a more diverse and inclusive understanding of reality: “The chief characteristic of the new global economy is the speed at which it has reshaped international power relations to become more concentrated and focused on common development goals. Rather than promoting the concepts of interdependence and mutuality, globalisation has constructed a `one-world' model that utilises global communications to forge a single market culture” (McCann & McCloskey, 2015: 236).

In the context of globalization, the conventional polarity is dismantled; there are no longer one or two dominant centers around which ideologies and regimes emerge. The world is evolving into a multipolar structure. A significant transformation involves the shift towards decentralization and participatory decision-making. Postmodernism disrupts the traditional top-down governance approach, advocating for the incorporation of diverse voices in shaping policies. This change is noticeable in initiatives that foster community engagement, collaborative resolution of issues, and the acknowledgment of local knowledge and values. “For us here, globalization means not only the worldwide capitalist system called `neoliberalism,' but also the full range of forces and factors that are sweeping across the globe totally unhindered, or barely hindered, by the boundaries and policies of the nation-state” (Dator et al., 2006: 13).

Globalization challenges the theory of public administration by extending its influence beyond traditional boundaries. In the contemporary world, advanced technologies diminish the significance of geographical space, leading to a gradual blurring of boundaries. As Michel Foucault mentioned: “A whole history remains to be written of spaces - which would at the same time be the history of powers...” (Foucault, 1980: 149). The interconnections between countries have become so substantial that it is impractical to overlook them: “To advance Public Administration theory building, we need to examine issues across national and ethnodemographic divisions in order to better understand and explain context-specific phenomena” (Hou et al., 2010).

Moreover, postmodernism has left its imprint on the discourse concerning ethics and accountability in public administration. Conventional ethical frameworks rooted in universal principles are under scrutiny, paving the way for a more relativistic understanding of ethics. The acknowledgment that ethical considerations may vary across diverse cultural contexts has prompted a reassessment of administrative practices to ensure cultural sensitivity and inclusivity. The role of language and discourse in public administration is also subject to reevaluation through a postmodern lens. The influence of language, the framing of issues, and the construction of narratives are recognized as pivotal aspects of governance. Public administrators are increasingly attentive to how language shapes perceptions and are aware of the potential for multiple interpretations.

The evolving landscape and future horizons of public administration

Postmodernism has profoundly shaped the type and style of contemporary human thinking, rooted deeply in modernity, and its influence on the future is undeniably significant. The crucial consideration lies in exploring the prognostic assessments and visions of the future that already exist and addressing how postmodernism, and perhaps post-postmodernism, has contributed to this. The preceding section of the article delved into the formation and evolution of postmodernism and its correlation with public administration. In this segment, various scenarios for the future's development will be examined, attempting to identify the essential characteristics of these phenomena and discern traces of postmodern tendencies.

Public administration and private administration are two distinct spheres with different objectives, principles, and functions. Public administration involves managing and implementing policies, programs, and services on behalf of the government or public institutions. It focuses on serving the public interest, ensuring equity, and addressing societal needs. On the other hand, private administration pertains to the management and operations of businesses and organizations in the private sector. The primary goal of private administration is often profit maximization and serving the interests of private stakeholders. “A better starting point for understanding the meaning of public administration is to distinguish it from private administration” (Kettl & Fessler, 2009: 140).

In the postmodern era, the distinction between public and private administration has become more complex and fluid, reflecting the broader societal shifts characteristic of this period. The boundaries between these sectors have blurred, evidenced by the rise of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and collaborations where entities from both sectors work together on various projects and initiatives. Marta Marsilio, Giulia Cappellaro and Corrado Cuccurullo in the article The Intellectual Structure Of Research Into PPPs (2011) detail the increased interest: “Nowadays, among scholars and practitioners of PPPs, there is an emerging awareness of the need to re-examine the different meanings and definitions given to PPPs in order to analyse the domain of PPPs and their intellectual structure..(Marsilio et al., 2011: 764).

Collaboration, networking, and cooperation with various stakeholders, including citizens, NGOs, and businesses, have become increasingly emphasized in both public and private administrations. Postmodern principles have encouraged a departure from rigid structures, promoting flexibility and adaptability in organizational culture. Researchers agree that these modern phenomena also need definition and detailed study: “More and more, social workers, like other helping professionals, are being asked to address global issues. But social work's contributions to international social development, policy formulation, services provision, and advocacy have not, as yet, been well defined. In general, services NGOs commonly provide health, family planning, and educational programs in situations in which the beneficiaries are expected to participate in program implementation. Participatory NGOs use community organization models, assisting local people to identify their own needs and to help with planning and implementation” (Claiborne, 2004: 207-208).

Central themes influenced by postmodernism include diversity, inclusivity, and recognition of multiple perspectives. In public administration, initiatives to involve citizens in decisionmaking processes align with these principles, while private administration places emphasis on workplace diversity and consumer inclusivity. Both sectors leverage technological advancements to enhance efficiency, communication, and service delivery. The adoption of digital platforms, data analytics, and innovative solutions caters to the demands of the postmodern era. Organizational cultures are shifting towards prioritizing employee well-being, work-life balance, and empowerment, moving away from traditional bureaucratic structures. Narratives and identities take center stage, manifesting as storytelling approaches in public administration communication and a focus on brand narratives and corporate identity in private administration.

Both public and private administrations recognize the importance of contributing to public value and practicing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Researches discuss the complexity of defining CSR. It is considered complex due to the intricate and interconnected nature of ecological, societal, and economic systems. The challenges arise from the inherent ambiguity of the issues involved, such as determining which industry-generated harms should be addressed and whose perspectives should prevail. Benedict Sheehy in Defining CSR: Problems and Solutions (2014) describes this situation: “It is complex because of the nature and context of the problems. The ecology, society and the economic system are highly complex dynamic systems and CSR is intimately involved in each” (Sheehy, 2014: 625). Public administration aims to address societal challenges, while private administration aligns business strategies with social and environmental responsibilities. Postmodernism challenges hierarchical structures, leading to flatter organizational structures, fostering collaboration, and empowering employees in both sectors. The ongoing impact of postmodern principles continues to shape the evolving nature of governance and organizational management in the public and private spheres.

Postmodern society is often perceived as a complex and multifaceted landscape characterized by both positive and negative aspects. It is neither strictly utopian nor dystopian, and the characterization of postmodern society falls within the realm of subjectivity and perspective. This prompts a natural question: is it conceivable in the future to configure public administration in a manner that aligns with utopian prospects? “The link with utopia is the mostly implicit, sometimes explicit, normative dimension of public administration. The purpose of studying and researching the scientific field of Public Administration is to improve its research object of public administration, which is the public sector and its activities for service delivery, and its policies. Public Administration is not just scientifically studying governance, public administration or public policy, it is also about trying to improve and promote “good” governance, public administration and public policy” (Bouckaert, 2020). However, at its core, postmodern society doesn't neatly fit into a utopian or dystopian framework. It is a dynamic and evolving context with elements that can be both promising and challenging, depending on one's perspective and values.

It is challenging to pinpoint the precise challenges that public administration will encounter in the future due to various uncertainties. However, by examining current societal trends, a scientific forecast can be formulated. While this forecast remains inherently subjective, it is substantiated by research conducted by scientists across diverse fields. To address the inquiry regarding the future prospects of public administration, an analysis of these trends is imperative.

The integration of advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, and data analytics, is anticipated to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of public administration. These technologies offer the potential to enhance efficiency, transparency, and decision-making processes within government institutions. Artificial intelligence can automate routine tasks and improve data analysis, while blockchain ensures secure and transparent transactions. Data analytics enables informed decision-making based on comprehensive insights. Embracing these technologies may lead to more streamlined and effective public administration systems in the future: “Digital transformation has become a prevalent feature of the twenty-first century, extending from business to all aspects of social life. Public administration has also been affected by this trend. However, no country undergoing a transition economy has been capable of matching the level of digitalization reached by developed nations” (Karpenko et al., 2023: 569). Despite the pervasive nature of this digital shift, the observation is made that countries in transition economies have not been able to achieve the same level of digitalization as developed nations. It suggests a discrepancy in the pace or extent of adopting digital technologies in public administration between developed and transitioning economies.

The COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by globalization in various ways. The interconnectedness of the globalized world facilitated the rapid spread of the virus. Increased international travel allowed the virus to cross borders swiftly, leading to its global dissemination. Global supply chains and trade connections played a role in transmitting the virus, impacting economic activities worldwide. Additionally, the sharing of information and scientific collaboration, key aspects of globalization, contributed to both understanding the virus and developing vaccines. However, the pandemic also revealed vulnerabilities in global systems, such as unequal access to resources and healthcare, highlighting the complex relationship between globalization and global health crises. The pandemic caused a lockdown, which in turn created the conditions for the need for remote work, digitalization, and the use of modern technologies. According to the EIB Investment Report 2021/2022: “55% of firms see a greater need for digitalisation because of the pandemic. An increasing number of firms, 45%, think that a lack of digital infrastructure in some parts of Europe is constraining investment. While EU firms have been digitalising as a response to the COVID-19 crisis, they have been less active than their US peers. 46% of EU firms have responded to the pandemic by becoming more digital, vs. 58% in the United States” (EIB Investment Report, 2021-2022).

The increasing availability of data has the potential to empower public administrators by providing them with a wealth of information to make more informed decisions. With access to comprehensive and real-time data, administrators can gain insights into various aspects of public services, policy effectiveness, and citizen needs. Data-driven decision-making enables administrators to identify trends, assess the impact of policies, and allocate resources more efficiently. Furthermore, data analytics tools can aid in predictive modeling and scenario analysis, helping administrators anticipate future challenges and plan accordingly. The use of data can enhance transparency, accountability, and evidence-based policymaking, fostering governance that is more effective. However, it is essential to consider challenges such as data privacy, security, and the need for skilled professionals to interpret and utilize the data effectively. Additionally, administrators must ensure that data-driven decision-making aligns with ethical standards and addresses potential biases in the data. Many researches have great results in this studding, they want: “to extend the theoretical/ conceptual and practical boundaries of AI research in the public sector to better governmental decision-making and governance, thus enhancing public value creation” (Vincent et al., 2022).

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration gives rise to various philosophical quandaries, necessitating thoughtful examination. Ethical considerations are paramount, including concerns about fairness, bias, transparency, and the potential for discriminatory outcomes. Issues of accountability and responsibility come to the forefront, with challenges in identifying decision-making authority and determining liability for AI-related errors.

The challenges associated with the implementation of artificial intelligence and questions of responsibility are currently subjects of active research by scientists worldwide: “The notion of “responsibility gap” with artificial intelligence (AI) was originally introduced in the philosophical debate to indicate the concern that “learning automata” may make more difficult or impossible to attribute moral culpability to persons for untoward events. Building on literature in moral and legal philosophy, and ethics of technology, the paper proposes a broader and more comprehensive analysis of the responsibility gap” (Santoni de Sio & Mecacci, 2021: 1057).

Privacy concerns are significant as AI's reliance on extensive data processing raises worries about privacy infringement and potential misuse, leading to increased surveillance and impacting individual privacy rights. Questions of autonomy and control emerge, requiring a delicate balance between AI autonomy and the need for human oversight in public administration decision-making.

Social impacts are a critical consideration, with the potential for job displacement due to widespread AI use and concerns about exacerbating social inequalities. Additionally, discussions on citizen participation and the challenges AI poses to traditional democratic notions become essential in the context of public administration. Existential risks are also considered, acknowledging the unpredictable nature of AI systems and the potential for unintended or catastrophic outcomes. Environmental impact becomes a growing concern due to the resource consumption associated with running AI systems, prompting discussions on sustainability and responsible technology use. Addressing these philosophical challenges requires collaborative efforts across disciplines, involving ethicists, policymakers, technologists, and the public. This ensures that the integration of AI in public administration aligns with ethical principles, human values, and societal goals.

The future of e-government initiatives and public administration is expected to be marked by continued advancements in digital technologies. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence, data analytics, and blockchain is likely to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services. E-government initiatives will likely evolve to provide more personalized and user-centric services, catering to the diverse needs of citizens. Cybersecurity measures will become even more crucial to safeguard sensitive data in the digital realm. Overall, the future holds the promise of a more technologically-driven, streamlined, and citizen-friendly approach to public administration through e-government initiatives.

The future of public administration may indeed witness a shift towards more collaborative and participatory governance models. The increasing connectivity and digitalization of societies enable greater engagement between governments and citizens. Collaborative governance involves partnerships and cooperation among various stakeholders, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, businesses, and citizens, to address complex issues collectively. According to researchers Chris Ansell and Alison Gash: “Over the last two decades, a new strategy of governing called “collaborative governance” has developed. This mode of governance brings multiple stakeholders together in common forums with public agencies to engage in consensus-oriented decision making” (Ansell & Gash, 2008: 543). Participatory governance emphasizes involving citizens directly in decision-making processes, allowing them to contribute to policy development and public initiatives. This shift towards collaboration and participation is driven by the desire for more inclusive, responsive, and accountable governance. Through digital platforms, citizens can provide feedback, participate in consultations, and co-create solutions, fostering a more democratic and transparent public administration.

The future for Adaptive Leadership as a part of public administration appears promising as organizations and governments navigate complex and rapidly changing environments. Adaptive Leadership is a leadership approach that emphasizes the ability to respond effectively to challenges, learn from experience, and lead in uncertain conditions. As the global landscape becomes more complex and interconnected, public administrators will need adaptive leadership skills to understand and respond to intricate challenges, such as economic shifts, technological advancements, and social changes. Adaptive Leadership is particularly relevant in times of change: “The public still wants an easy solution from the leader, but if she is honest and courageous, the leader will demonstrate the need for a redefinition of the problem, changed responsibilities, and possibly greater sacrifice from affected parties. This is a circumstance calling for fully adaptive leadership” (Burke, 2007: 420). Public administrators will need to lead organizational transformations, policy shifts, and innovation initiatives, requiring the ability to guide teams through uncertainty and ambiguity.

The future of public administration is anticipated to place a heightened emphasis on inclusivity, diversity, and social equity. Changing demographics, ongoing social justice movements, globalization, evolving legal and policy frameworks, and increasing citizen expectations drive this shift. In response to these dynamics, public administrators are likely to adopt more inclusive governance models that engage citizens in decision-making processes. Additionally, efforts to foster a diverse workforce, improve equitable service delivery, leverage technology for inclusivity, and enhance education and training on cultural competence will contribute to creating responsive and representative government systems. Overall, the evolving landscape of public administration is poised to prioritize principles that address systemic inequalities and promote a more just and inclusive society.

The future of public administration is expected to witness a growing emphasis on environmental issues. With the increasing recognition of climate change, sustainability, and ecological concerns, public administrators are likely to play a pivotal role in formulating and implementing policies that address environmental challenges. This shift is driven by global initiatives, public awareness, and the need for responsible and sustainable governance: “In order to define the direct and indirect environmental aspects of public administrations, it is necessary to take into account: the different levels of administrations: local, regional, national, European; the specific thematic focus and competences - especially in the case of regional and national administrations; the structure and allocation of competences between the national, regional and local level (political framework)” (Canfora et al., 2019: 33).

Public administrators may focus on integrating environmentally friendly practices into governmental operations, developing policies to combat climate change, and fostering partnerships with various stakeholders to achieve sustainable development goals. The incorporation of green technologies, renewable energy sources, and eco-friendly practices into public administration processes is anticipated to be a key aspect of the future. Additionally, environmental justice and equitable access to resources are likely to become integral considerations in public administration, ensuring that policies and initiatives benefit all communities and promote a harmonious relationship between governance and the environment. In summary, the future of public administration is expected to be closely intertwined with proactive efforts to address and mitigate environmental issues on a local, national, and global scale.

Resilience planning is poised to be a crucial aspect of the future of public administration. In an era marked by complex challenges, including pandemics, climate change, and geopolitical uncertainties, the ability of governments to build resilience becomes paramount. Resilience planning in public administration involves anticipating, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from various shocks and stressors. Governments will increasingly invest in resilience planning to prepare for and respond to unexpected crises, including natural disasters, cyber threats, and public health emergencies. “The International Health Regulations (IHR) have been the governing framework for global health security for the past decade and are a nearly universally recognized World Health Organization (WHO) treaty, with 196 States Parties. The IHR is one of the six leadership priorities of the WHO programme of work, the purpose of which is to promote health and well-being” (Wilder-Smith & Osman, 2020). Robust contingency plans and crisis management strategies will be prioritized.

Continuous learning and professional development are indispensable elements in the realm of public administration, serving as vital contributors to the efficiency, adaptability, and endurance of government institutions. Their significance is underscored by various key aspects that highlight their role in shaping effective governance (Volkova, 2023). In the ever-changing landscape of public administration, characterized by evolving societal needs, technological advancements, and shifting governance paradigms, continuous learning is instrumental in keeping public administrators abreast of these changes. This, in turn, cultivates adaptability and proactive responses to emerging challenges. Professional development not only enhances the problem-solving skills of public administrators but also equips them with the ability to analyze complex issues, devise innovative solutions, and navigate intricate policy landscapes. This adaptability is crucial in addressing the dynamic and multifaceted nature of governance issues. Staying informed about the latest developments in their respective fields is imperative for public administrators. Continuous learning ensures that practitioners possess up-to-date knowledge, enabling them to make informed decisions and formulate policies that align with current legal frameworks. Technological proficiency is increasingly vital in the field of public administration. Continuous learning facilitates the acquisition of necessary technological skills, enabling administrators to leverage innovations for improved service delivery, data management, and communication. Leadership roles in public administration demand a diverse skill set. Professional development programs contribute to leadership development by focusing on areas such as decision-making, strategic planning, and effective communication. Ethical considerations are integral to public administration. Continuous learning emphasizes ethical principles, fostering a strong ethical foundation for administrators, which is essential for maintaining public trust and upholding the integrity of governance. Public administrators often engage with various sectors, necessitating cross-sectoral collaboration. Continuous learning encourages an understanding of different perspectives, goals, and methodologies, fostering effective collaboration. Investing in continuous learning signals to employees that their growth and development are valued, thereby boosting morale, job satisfaction, and overall productivity within public administration agencies. Learning from global best practices and experiences is crucial for public administrators. Exposure to international perspectives fosters a broader understanding of governance challenges and solutions, contributing to improved decision-making.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this article has comprehensively explored the profound impact of postmodernism on the trajectory and future evolution of public administration. The 20^th century witnessed a pivotal shift from modernity to postmodernity, marked by radical changes in worldview. The foundational principles of postmodernism, including deconstruction, fragmentation, future shock, and cultural relativism, have initiated a paradigm shift challenging established administrative frameworks, as advocated by influential figures like M. Foucault, J.-F. Lyotard, A. Toffler, among others.

The exploration within the article has elucidated how these postmodern tenets exert influence on administrative practices, power structures, and the fundamental nature of governance itself. Postmodernity, characterized by a distinctive attitude toward truth recognizing its relativity, along with the concept of decentration - replacing a single center with multipolarity and globalization - ushers in the era of “post-truth”, presenting novel challenges to the future of public administration.

Anticipating the trajectory of future public administration, the article identifies key trends such as Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Additionally, the reliance on modern technologies, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, data analysis, and data-driven decision-making, becomes imperative for digitalization in response to the pandemic, as emphasized by the EIB.

However, amidst the myriad advantages, the article recognizes challenges, particularly in addressing liability issues associated with the use of AI in future public administration. To effectively navigate these challenges, the article proposes strategic measures, including the adoption of collaborative and participatory governance models, the cultivation of adaptive leadership, and a strong emphasis on inclusivity, diversity, and social equity. Addressing environmental concerns and implementing advanced training courses are crucial components of a multifaceted approach to shaping a resilient and responsive future for public administration amid dynamic societal, technological, and governance changes.

References

Ansell, C. and Gash, A. (2008) Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 18(4), 543-571. https://doi. org/10.1093/jopart/mum032

Arendt, H. & Kohn, J. (2005). Essays in Understanding 1930-1954: Formation Exile and Totalitarianism. Schocken Books.

Bouckaert, G. (2020) From Public Administration in Utopia to Utopia in Public Administration. In G. Bouckaert & W. Jann (Eds.), European Perspectives for Public Administration: The Way Forward (pp. 71-84). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j. ctvv417th.8

Brahms, Y (2020) Philosophy of Post-Truth. Institute for National Security Studies.

Burke, B. F. (2007) Adaptive Leadership as a Facilitator of Public Engagement on Environmental Sustainability Issues. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 29(3): 412-431. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/10841806.2007.11029604

Canfora, P., Antonopoulos, I. S., Dri, M., Gaudillat, P. and Schonberger, H. (2019) Best Environmental Management Practice for the Public Administration Sector, JRC Science for Policy Report. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://doi. org/10.2760/952965

Dator, J., Pratt, D. and Seo, Y (2006) What Is Globalization? In Fairness, Globalization, and Public Institutions: East Asia and Beyond, 13-18. University of Hawai's Press. https:// doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3zp081.5

EIB Investment Report 2021/2022: Recovery as a springboard for change. (2022) European Investment Bank.

Foucault, M. (1980) Power/Knowledge Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Harvester Press, London.

Hou, Y., Ni, A., Poocharoen, O., Yang, K and Zhao, Z. (2010) The Case for Public Administration with a Global Perspective. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21: 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muq070

Karpenko, O., Zaporozhets, T., Tsedik, M., Vasiuk, N. and Osmak, A. (2023) Digital Transformations of Public Administration in Countries with Transition Economies. European Review, 31(6): 569-588. https://dok10.1017/S1062798723000522

Kettl, D. & Fessler, J. (2009) The Politics of the Administrative Process. Washington D.C.: CQ Press.

Lyotard, J.-F. (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Manchester University Press.

Marsilio, M., Cappellaro, G. and Cuccurullo, C. (2011) The Intellectual Structure Of Research Into PPPs. Public Management Review, 13(6): 763-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719 037.2010.539112

McCann, G. and McCloskey, S. (2015) From the Local to the Global: Key Issues in Development Studies. Pluto Press Marston Book Services Limited distributor.

Menzel, D. C. and White, J. D. (2015) The State of Public Administration: Issues Challenges and Opportunities. Routledge.

Santoni de Sio, F., and Mecacci, G. (2021) Four Responsibility Gaps with Artificial Intelligence: Why they Matter and How to Address them. Philosophy and Technology, 34(4), 10571084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-021-00450-x

Sheehy, B. (2015) Defining CSR: Problems and Solutions. Journal of Business Ethics, 131(3): 625-648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2281-x

Toffler, A. (2022). Future Shock. Ballantine Books.ф

Vincent, Ch., Nripendra, P. R. and Lemuria, C. (2022) Artificial Intelligence for data-driven decision-making and governance in public affairs. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4): 101742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101742

Volkova, N. (2023) Principles of Professional Development of Civil Servants in the Conditions of European Integration. Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Public Management and Administration, 1(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.54891/2786- 698X-2023-1-6

White, J. D. and Adams, G. B. (1995) Reason and Postmodernity: The Historical and Social Context of Public Administration Research and Theory. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 17(1), 1-18.

Wilder-Smith, A. and Osman, S. (2020). Public Health Emergencies of International Concern: A Historic Overview. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(8), taaa227. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jtm/taaa227

Размещено на Allbest.ru