Content-procedural component of legal culture and legal consciousness formation of future medicine masters

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Content-procedural component of legal culture and legal consciousness formation of future medicine masters

Shulha Nataliia Volodymyrivna -

PhD student (Kirovograd Flight Academy of the National Aviation University) Lecturer of the Department of Social and Humanities Donetsk National Medical University

Defining of the problem and the analysis of the last researches and publications

The formation of legal culture and legal awareness of future medicine masters is an essential component of the general training of higher medical education graduates. Without awareness and proper interpretation of the legal norms governing the field of medical activity, future masters of medicine will be unable to perform their professional duties at a sufficient level. The problem of forming the legal culture and legal consciousness of future medical professionals is an urgent problem today, as it covers not only providing students with legal information on current legislation and practice, but also includes the need to educate physicians in the spirit of active participation in the formation of law and legality of health care, knowledge of crime prevention in the medical field, etc.

Analysis of recent research and publications

The issue of legal education, culture and consciousness of students are covered in the works of K. Dubych, V. Ilina, L. Matsuk, Turenko, A. Rzhevska, I. Alieksieieva, M. Shcherban, N. Skotna, I. Sokhan, O. Danylian, O. Dzoban, V. Kotiuk, N. Kovalenko, O. Domina, M. Shtanhret and others. Scientist I. Alieksieieva [1] argue that special attention in the issue of legal education of medical students is due to their future professional status as health professionals who are in the closest social connection with the person and are directly responsible for the greatest value of society - health man. I. Alieksieieva emphasizes that this professional affiliation objectively implies the greatest trust in society and high social responsibility for the results and consequences of their activities, therefore, the state should strive for this category of professionals to be not only highly professional but also highly moral, highly cultured and with legal consciousness. Scientists A. Hetman, L. Herasina, O. Danylian and V. Tatsiia note that in the institution of higher education person should deepen the legal knowledge acquired in secondary school, form professional legal consciousness and it differs significantly, for example, among representatives of medical specialties and lawyers. Scientists recommend introducing into the educational process of medical education institutions a variety of special legal courses, for example, a special course on human rights and the mechanism of their protection. The introduction of such special legal courses would contribute to the deepening of legal knowledge by students and an improvement of the situation in the field of legal education in general and legal preparation of specialists in the medical direction.

In the available sources of professional information, we found a small number of scientific works on legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters. Therefore, the study of modem research by domestic and foreign scientists in order to establish the definition and content of legal aspects in the structure of theoretical and clinical disciplines of higher medical education institutions, systematization of the results obtained and the development of appropriate methods for the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters in general, the practical application of such system in the future, is relevant and requires detailed analysis and research.

The purpose of the article. Research of the content-procedural component of legal culture and legal consciousness formation of future medicine masters through determining the place and content of legal aspects in the structure of theoretical and clinical disciplines of higher medical education institutions, systematizing the results obtained to develop a holistic methodology for the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future healthcare professionals.

Presentation of the main research material. We consider the methodological system for the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters as a psychological and pedagogical formation, the structure and components of which ensure the achievement of educational goals in the institution of higher medical education. Content-procedural component of legal culture and legal consciousness formation of future medicine masters determines its internal organization, the relationship and interdependence between legal knowledge and competencies. For a comprehensive study of the content and procedural component, we applied a systematic approach to various disciplines taught in higher medical education as a whole with the coordinated functioning of all system elements - concepts, phenomena, judgments, actions and so on. The study of the place of legal culture in various disciplines, we carried out with the help of a structural and logical analysis of the teaching medical disciplines content.

The structuring of educational material allowed us to identify the rational structure of the system of concepts of legal, technical, environmental, preventive and educational measures. These concepts are aimed at ensuring healthy and safe conditions for human existence in modern conditions - it is knowledge of laws, principles and rules for regulating the professional behavior of medical workers and researchers, which contribute to the safety of the use of new medical technologies and prevent harm to humans, their offspring, all of humanity and the biosphere in general, the formation of respect for the life and dignity of a healthy and sick person, interests which must always be judged at the highest level.

As a result of the study, we divided all subjects into three types: professionally oriented clinical disciplines, disciplines of the legal cycle and theoretical disciplines. legal culture medical worker

Disciplines of the legal cycle provide knowledge about the legal system and rules of law. These are subjects such as Life Safety, Fundamentals of Occupational Safety, Fundamentals of Bioethics and Biosafety, Social Medicine and Public Health, Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Occupational Health and Safety, Deontology in Medicine etc. We have established that the disciplines of the legal cycle include information on the main theoretical and methodological issues of medical jurisprudence as a science, practice and methodological basis for the legal assessment of the health professionals actions within the current Ukrainian legislation. When studying the disciplines of the legal cycle, students develop knowledge and skills in medical jurisprudence, which are a prerequisite for the implementation of scientifically based research in public health, understanding the processes and implementation of professional medical activity by a public health specialist.

Disciplines of the legal cycle are aimed at forming a legal worldview, creating a system of legal ideas, beliefs and skills of lawful behavior of a public health specialist. The content of the disciplines of the legal cycle is aimed at providing the necessary theoretical knowledge to future medical professionals and training in the proper use of legal norms in the performance of professional medical activities. In this regard, the study by a public health specialist of the legal aspects of medical activity contributes to the formation of the necessary level of legal culture in relations between the subjects of medical legal relations - the state, health care institutions, a doctor and a patient.

After conducting a structural and logical analysis of the disciplines of the legal cycle, namely Labor Protection, Fundamentals of Bioethics and Biosafety, Social Medicine and Public Health, Forensic Medicine and Medical Law for the branch of knowledge 22 «Health care» we have:

- established that these disciplines directly form the bioethical foundations of a doctor's professional activity;

- identified the importance of adhering to the principles of confidentiality and knowledge of their medical, ethical and legal aspects;

- found that these disciplines:

1. Give students an understanding of the bioethical and legal issues of clinical trials of drugs and medical technologies.

2. Teach to anticipate the consequences of the valeological foundations violations of the formation of a healthy lifestyle and their impact on the safety of human life.

3. Analyze and evaluate situations that are dangerous to life, health, professional activity and independently make decisions on taking urgent measures.

4. Apply moral, ethical and professional standards in professional life.

5. Analyze pre-conflict and conflict situations and contribute to their solution.

6. Demonstrate an understanding of the legal regulation of the doctor-patient relationship.

As a result of training in the disciplines of the legal cycle, future doctors acquire the necessary amount of theoretical medical and legal knowledge and practical legal skills in the field of health care in Ukraine, which is a necessary condition for maintaining a balance of relationships between subjects of medical legal relations and observance of human rights in the field of health care.

The academic discipline «Legal aspects of medical activity» is the core in the system of formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters. It is aimed at obtaining the required amount of theoretical medical and legal knowledge and practical legal skills in the field of health care in Ukraine. The main tasks of studying the discipline are to acquire knowledge and skills of legal regulation of medical activity in Ukraine, constitutional regulation of human rights in the field of healthcare, general and special legislation of Ukraine in medicine, types of legal liability of medical workers for professional offenses, the rights and obligations of subjects of medical legal relations (patients, medical workers, legal representatives of the patient, etc.), defects in the provision of medical care, mechanisms for monitoring the quality of medical care, legal aspects of the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, legislative support for donation (blood, tissue, reproductive cells), regulation of medical and expert activities in Ukraine, peculiarities of legal provision of the population with medicines.

Special attention should be paid to training in the discipline «Forensic medicine», since in the process of studying this subject, students receive basic training for practical work with accused, convicted, witnesses, victims and their legal representatives, skills of interaction with specialists of the bureau of forensic medical and forensic psychiatric examination. Students learn to make decisions regarding the legal regulation of relations in the field of forensic medicine, master the basics of fundamental knowledge in medical law, develop the ability to apply the knowledge gained in practice and the ability to give a legal assessment in the field of forensic medicine.

The focus of the discipline «Fundamentals of labor protection» is the system of legal, socioeconomic, organizational and technical, medical, hygienic and rehabilitation measures. The discipline provides for legal knowledge, skills and competencies aimed at ensuring the safety of one's own life and the health of medical workers, as well as patients. Fostering a safety culture is aimed at ensuring effective management of labor protection in the medical industry, creating favorable conditions for the working environment and labor safety in accordance with the current legislative and regulatory legal acts to implement the principle of priority of protecting the life and health of medical workers.

The content of the discipline «Fundamentals of Bioethics and Biosafety» is of great importance in the formation of the legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters, since the knowledge that students receive in the academic discipline is basic for the block of disciplines that provide natural-scientific and professional-practical training. The study of the discipline «Fundamentals of Bioethics and Biosafety» contributes to the:

- formation of students' knowledge, skills and competencies to preserve human health and life in modern conditions;

- protection against the dangers of technogenic, anthropogenic, natural origin and create comfortable conditions for human life with the formation of appropriate knowledge about the legal and organizational aspects of labor protection of medical workers;

- formation of knowledge about the moral side of human activity in medicine;

- formation of knowledge about legislative documents that protect the individual, society and humanity as a whole from the undesirable and harmful consequences of the introduction of new biomedical technologies into practice, fostering a deep conviction in the need for strict adherence to ethical and moral norms, rules and principles in their practice;

- formation of the ability to evaluate the latest advances in medicine in terms of determining the degree of their danger to man and society today and in the future.

All this should be studied in more detail in each medical field while mastering professionally oriented clinical disciplines. That is, professionally oriented clinical disciplines should be aimed at specifying the rules of law for a particular professional activity in the field of health care. Professionally oriented clinical disciplines include: Emergency medical care, Radiation medicine, Occupational diseases, Dermatology and venereology, Anesthesiology, Internal medicine and others.

Theoretical disciplines form a system of value motivations of legal socialization. These include the following subjects: History of Medicine, Medical Psychology, Civil Protection, Hygiene and Ecology, Medicine of Emergencies, etc.

In close interaction, all disciplines have to form a single system for the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future masters of medicine to provide the completeness of knowledge, adequacy and comprehensibility. The completeness of knowledge is the exhaustive sufficiency of reproducing the amount of information regarding a legal phenomenon, all its characteristics and features (from fragmentary reproduction of information in teaching theoretical disciplines to reproduction in full in professionally oriented clinical disciplines, thanks to the disciplines of the legal cycle) [4]. Adequacy of knowledge - compliance of individual knowledge of a person about the phenomena of legal reality in accordance with the generally accepted standard. This is the correct interpretation of the phenomena of legal reality. Awareness means that a future medical professional should not only have knowledge of the legal reality in the field of healthcare, but also understand their meaning, purpose, necessity and significance and in the future directly use it in their professional activities.

We also attributed extracurricular work to the content and procedural component of the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters: scientific and practical conferences, Olympiads, volunteering, research work, etc.

The concepts and terms used in health care legislation must clearly coincide with the interpretations used in the teaching of disciplines in higher medical educational institution. That is, terms such as health, health care institution, medical care, medical subsidy, a network of health care institutions, a person's emergency condition, disabilities, medical technology assessment, premedical care, rehabilitation assistance in the health sector, etc., are clearly described in Article 3 «Concepts and terms used in the legislation on health care» of Section 1. rehabilitation assistance in the health sector, etc., are clearly described in Article 3 «General provisions» of the Law of Ukraine rehabilitation assistance in the health sector, etc., are clearly described in Article 3 «Fundamentals of Ukrainian legislation on health care» [3] and should not differ from the interpretation in professionally oriented clinical disciplines, disciplines of the legal cycle and theoretical disciplines.

All these elements of the content-procedural component of legal culture and legal consciousness formation of future medicine masters should work in a unified system and direct the training of students towards the formation of a whole set of legal competencies (knowledge, skills, attitudes, etc.), shift the focus from the process accumulation of normatively defined knowledge, skills and abilities of medical law in the plane of the formation and development of students' ability to practically act and creatively apply the knowledge and experience gained in various situations. That is, the institution of higher medical education should form a high readiness in the future health care specialist for successful work in real life.

The content-procedural component contains organizational and methodological foundations, in particular, the content of academic disciplines, methods, forms and means of forming the readiness of future medical specialists and determines the corresponding pedagogical conditions for the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of students:

- creation and modeling of the subject and social context in the process of professional training;

- formation of deontological competence in future medical professionals;

- use of innovative Internet technologies in the process of studying theoretical and clinical disciplines.

Organizational and methodological principles implement the following forms of educational work with medical students: lectures, practical classes, independent and extracurricular work (scientific conferences, competitions, volunteering), medical practice, research work, etc. We classified as learning technologies: traditional and innovative. For the effective implementation of the content-procedural component, we recommend the use of the following teaching aids: visual (models, textbooks, professional tools), Internet resources (blogs, electronic manuals, online game exercises), graphic (figures, tables, clusters, mental maps), technical teaching aids: screen (multimedia boards, multimedia projectors, computers), audio and video (for example, televisions, computer equipment) etc.

Conclusions and prospects for further direct exploration. The legal culture of a specialist in the medical industry is an integral part of a high level of professionalism, fundamental training and professional skill. The formation of the foundations of the legal culture of healthcare professionals is carried out during training in institutions of higher medical education, both through teaching the disciplines of the legal cycle, and professionally oriented clinical and theoretical disciplines. Having studied the content-procedural component of the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters, we have established the structural components, substantive characteristics, the procedural component and the corresponding socio- pedagogical conditions. The content-procedural component should be implemented as a unified system of teaching the content of theoretical, clinical and legal disciplines through the appropriate pedagogical conditions for the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of students.

A gradual systemic study of the interrelated components of the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of future medicine masters will allow us to form an effective model of a methodological system for improving the quality of assimilation of the norms of medical law by future healthcare professionals.

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