Criminalistic characteristics of crimes relating to trafficking of humans or another influence of human consumption

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УДК (UDC) 343.9

Criminalistic characteristics of crimes relating to trafficking of humans or another influence of human consumption

Stetsyk B. V.

Candidate of legal sciences, Lviv Trade and Economic University, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Criminal Law and Process;

Annotation

The article investigates and reveals the issues related to the characteristic ways of committing trafficking transnational character. Research methods trafficking in forensic aspect allows us to establish the circumstances of its commission, the range of people involved in this used hardware and more. The existing today approaches to solving this issue.

Key words: Human Trafficking, living goods, combating trafficking in persons, person affected by human trafficking, child, and individual victims of human trafficking, warning human trafficking, for sale people.

Problem statement. Trafficking in human beings is one of the spheres of criminal business developing at the fastest pace. Today, the scale of this kind of criminal activity in the world has become such that its consequences are third in the aftermath of the illegal trade in weapons and drugs and are one of the main topics for consideration and investigation in order to prevent and prevent these crimes. The subjective aspect of a crime is characterized by direct intent, selfish motives. The commission of an act in the form of movement, hiding, transfer or receipt of a person implies the presence of a special purpose -- the exploitation of a person. In conducting a criminal act in the form of sale of a person or another of his pay transfer, the perpetrator is aware of the content of the relevant agreement within which the transfer of a person is carried out or should be carried out, And wants to do so in order to make a profit.

The purpose of this scientific article is to analyze the disposition of Art. 149, making recommendations on understanding of individual terms, methods of investigation, as well as clarification of the qualifications of trafficking in persons.

Analysis of recent researches. The questions of the methodology for investigating crimes, including crimes related to trafficking in human beings, were considered in the works of V. P. Bakhin, P. D. Bilenchuk, R. S. Belkin, V. K. Veselsky, I. O. Vozgrin, A. F. Volobuev, V. G. Goncharenko, V. A. Zuravlya, A. V. Ishchenko, N. I. Klymenko, O. M. Kolesnichenko, V. O. Konovalova, V. S. Kuzmichova, V. K. Lisichenko, V. G. Lukashevich, G. A. Matusovsky, V. O. Obraztsov, V. V. Pyaskovsky, M. V. Salt'evsky, V. Yu. Shepitka, M. P. Yablokova and Others. The method of committing a crime in their work was investigated by R. S. Belkin, A. M. Vasiliev, A. I. Wienberg, V. K. Havlo, I. F. Gerasimov, L. Ya. Drapkin, G. G. Zuykov, B. Y. Koldin, V. P. Kolmakov, V. O. Konovalov, I. M. Luzgin, I. F. Panteleev, M. A. Selivanov, M. P. Yablokov.

A significant percentage of victims of trafficking in human beings or other illicit human-rights transactions are women aged 18 to 25 years. According to a study conducted by the International Organization for Migration, 65.3 % of the real risk of being involved in trafficking in human beings are unmarried women, one in three married, and 12 % are widows or separated; According to the professional structure, the predominance of people of unskilled and low-skilled occupations, as well as employees of the lower technical level and the sphere of consumer services is characteristic. According to law enforcement officials, most victims are from non-financial families.

The analysis of scientific literature shows the need to consider the question of how to commit trafficking in human beings in modern conditions. This is the direct purpose of a scientific article.

As for the latest research, it turns out that Italy, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Greece, Turkey, Israel, United Arab Emirates, etc., are the main recipient countries of the «alive goods» from Ukraine [2].

Presenting main material. Criminal liability for trafficking in human beings or other illegal human rights is stipulated in Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Proceeding from the norm provided by the current legislation, this type of crime can be classified according to criminological significant features, on the basis of which it is advisable to form specific (sub-type) specific investigative techniques: for the purpose of trafficking in persons or other unlawful human transgression agreement: for sexual exploitation; For use in pornobusiness; For involvement in criminal activity; For engaging in debt bondage; For adoption (adoption) for commercial purposes; For use in armed conflict; For labor exploitation; For removal from organs or tissues of the victim for transplantation or forcible donation; By the way of trafficking in human beings or other illegal transhumanisation: human sale; Other paid transfer of a person; The realization in relation to a person of any other illegal agreement, connected with the legal or illegal movement, with its consent or without consent, through the state border of Ukraine for further sale or other transfer to another person; For the person of the perpetrator (persons of criminals) in relation to trafficking in persons or other unlawful agreement on the transfer of a person: committing a crime by one person; Committing a crime using the official position, the person from whom the victim was materially or otherwise dependent; Committing a crime by prior conspiracy by a group of persons; Committing a crime by an organized group. The proposed classification, of course, does not exhaust all possible criteria for systematizing the crime, so we can talk about the possibility of formulating other species and subspecies separate methods of investigating this criminal act [6].

Exploitation of labor is the appropriation of the material results of the work of a person (in particular, profit) by the owner of the means of production. Examples of human use for the exploitation of its labor may be labor in any field of production or services in general without payment or payment, which clearly does not correspond to the nature and intensity of work. Execution of such work is not usually connected with the voluntary offer by the employee of his services and is required of him under the threat of physical violence [7].

Sexual exploitation is a type of exploitation of the work of a person in the field of prostitution, which should be understood as the provision of sexual services for money or other material remuneration or in related fields (for example, in the field of child abusive activities, the provision of one-time sexual services to prisoners and some others Persons, co-habituation for the purpose of systematic reception of sexual pleasure, etc.), regardless of whether this type of activity is permitted in a given country or its separate areas.

Porn business means partially or fully permitted in a given country or an illegal form of entrepreneurship associated with drug trafficking for prostitution, pimping, abandoning homes, manufacturing, selling and distributing pornographic content. Use in pornobusiness means the use of a person as a pimp, a keeper of the house of debauchery, an actor in the shooting of pornographic films, a statistician in the production of pornographic magazines, etc.

Involvement in criminal activity is an activity involving direct mental or physical influence on a person and committed in order to induce her desire to participate in one or more crimes. Involvement in criminal activity involves all kinds of physical violence and mental impact.

Engaging in debt bondage involves placing a person in a state of complete, in fact, slavish dependence on another person. In practice, for example, a woman who has been sold to a home of tolerance of another country, whose owner, having paid the money to the seller for a woman, takes away all the documents from her, promising to return them only after working out the amount paid to him and receiving the profit.

Adoption for commercial purposes is a special legal act of accepting a minor child under the rights of a son or daughter for its subsequent use in begging, gambling, as well as for the subsequent conclusion of sales contracts, mines and Others that involve the actual transfer of ownership.

Use in armed conflict involves the use of a person to perform his combat tasks related to the overthrow of state power or violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other states, etc.

Forced labor involves work to which a person is taken against her will, with violence, threat of violence, blackmail, or any other illegal means of assigning the results of such work to the employer. Forced service is a form of forced labor in the provision of any services. Exploitation of child labor, committed in the absence of an illegal agreement regarding it, as well as without recruitment, transportation, transfer, transfer, concealment and receipt.

Slavery in accordance with the Convention on Slavery is the status or position of a person in respect of which the property attributes are implemented or some of them [4].

Transplantation is the transfer of organs and tissues from one person to another, and donation is the use of blood or its components for the treatment of others, the manufacture of medicinal products or use in scientific research. Illegal seizure of organs or tissues for transplantation in a victim means to force the victim to remove organs, tissues, and blood of the person or its components by using physical or mental violence, threats, deceit, using the helpless state of the victim or his dependence on the victim.

Obtaining the consent of the victim for the removal of his organs, tissues, blood or components from him by means of bribery, exhortation or voluntary consent of a person also forms the composition of the crime in question.

By removing from a human body (organ of vision, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen) is the process of surgical or other interference in the human body and the deprivation of its proper body. Conducting medical- biological, psychological or other experiments, experiments on a person is illegal if such actions are committed with violation or non-compliance with the requirements of the legislation.

Trafficking in human beings, committed in other forms, that is, «recruitment, transfer, harboring, transfer, receipt of a person», is completed from the moment when the victim of the crime, respectively, is recruited, moved, concealed, received [6].

Trafficking in human beings is always accompanied by violence or the threat of its use. It can be attributed to both mental and physical violence. To the mental include: debt bondage; Threats to the victim's or her relatives; Demonstration of cold or firearms; Blackmail [9] and so on.

The objective side of the crime is expressed in active actions aimed at exploiting a person to profit. Disposition of Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code [8] provides for the use of a criminal act -- trafficking in human beings in separate forms: trafficking in persons; Execution of another illegal transaction, the object of which is a person; recruitment; moving; Hiding Transfer or receipt of a person committed for the purpose of exploitation, using fraud, blackmail or a vulnerable state of a person.

For the presence of the crime, stipulated in Art. 149 of the Criminal Code, it is enough to commit criminal acts at least in one of the above forms [8].

Trafficking in human beings is the execution of a victim of a sale transaction in which the victim acts as the subject of this transaction (goods). This is an agreement in which one person (the seller) transfers a person to the actual illegal possession and disposal of another person (buyer) for a certain monetary reward. The agreement may be concluded both in writing and in oral form. In this case, the seller undertakes to transfer the person to the buyer, and the buyer undertakes to pay for it.

The implementation of another unlawful agreement, the object of which is a person, is the achievement and partial implementation of an agreement between two or more persons regarding the violation or restriction of those rights and freedoms that, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine and legislation, cannot be violated or limited. The content of this agreement necessarily includes the implementation of such agreements as donations, mines, provision for free use, transfer for repayment of debt, and any other arrangements for the further exploitation of a person (sexual exploitation, use in porno business, involvement in criminal activity, Involvement in debt bondage, adoption (adoption) for commercial purposes, use in armed conflicts, exploitation of the work of a person) [4].

Intermediary services in the employment of a person, paid assistance in adoption (admission), as well as pimping do not form signs of the analyzed composition of the crime, since payment in such cases is subject to not the transfer of a person, but only services to promote (creating conditions) for future activities of the person.

The unlawfulness of the transaction is that a person as a living entity and a citizen cannot be the subject of any paid and free-of-charge arrangements, leveling up to the status of movable property.

Trafficking in human beings and other unlawful agreements form the part of the completed crime since the implementation of the relevant agreement, the completion of the arrangements reflected in the transfer of specified amounts of money, the movement of the person himself to ensure the validity of each such agreement, since the actual transfer of guilty as a human subject in respect of which Sale or other unlawful agreement, to the other party (person or persons). Actual transmission is considered to be realized from the moment when the victim began to be under the control of the person who was to be transferred under the relevant agreement, that is, from the time when such person received a real opportunity to dispose of the person at his own discretion.

To commit these crimes are characterized by the presence of several interrelated stages of criminal activity and their careful planning, the main elements of which are: the creation of various fictitious firms, which, being covered by entrepreneurial, sponsor, other activities, are actually engaged in recruiting and exporting abroad; Establishment of corrupted ties with officials of state bodies involved in the registration and issuance of documents required for travel abroad, as well as carrying out direct control over the movement of citizens across the state border of Ukraine; Searches outside Ukraine with the participation of citizens of other countries «markets of sales» of recruited people; Searches and recruitment of persons who, according to age, external and other data, meet a certain sales purpose and can be used for sale for this purpose; The choice of ways to move victims across the state border: legal -- by authentic documents; Illegal -- forged documents or even without them; The choice of the method and form of payment, the method of transfer, transportation, transfer of money for «living goods».

Actions to prepare, commit and conceal crime constitute the only way to commit a crime, since they are aimed at achieving the final result and are covered by the general purpose. In this regard, the point of view of VO Konovalova, who believes that the method of committing a crime is one of the defining elements of forensic characteristics, is grounded. Its content structure is the stages of preparation, execution and concealment of the traces of a crime [6].

In the case of trafficking in persons, the method of commission is a deterministic system of actions of traffickers for the preparation and execution of a crime, as well as forcing victims to commit the last actions aimed at achieving the objectives of criminal activity [3].

The legislator identified three forms of committing a crime: a sale, that is, the transfer of a person to the actual property for a monetary reward; Other paid transfer of a person, that is, the transfer of a person to the actual property for material remuneration in the form of other, except for money, values or for the provision of services of a material nature; The realization in relation to a person of any other illegal agreement connected with the legal or illegal movement, with its consent or without consent, through the state border of Ukraine for further sale or transfer to another person.

The commission of a crime involves the following typical stages: recruitment ^ transportation ^ transfer to the customer.

Human recruitment is an invitation, recruitment or engagement by individuals for participation in any type of activity (participation in an armed conflict or violent acts in person or in paramilitary groups or groups, employment, etc.). Recruitment can be done, for example, by telephone, through the World Wide Web (Internet), by correspondence. The consent of the person being recruited may be provided both in writing (by signing the contract, receipt in receipt of money, etc.), and orally.

This form of trafficking in human beings is considered as a complete crime from the moment the recourse person presents a proposal for participation in any type of activity for the corresponding material remuneration.

Movement of a person is a change in the place of residence of a person both within the territory of Ukraine, as well as transportation or other movement across the state border to another state. Illegal movement of a person across the state border for the purpose of its operation means the fact of illegal transfer and illegal transfer of persons across the state border of Ukraine. Often, the movement is characterized by crossing the border, but it may also occur within the country [5]. Typically, the transfer is carried out by the recruiter, but other persons can do this [6].

The hiding of a person involves the placement of a person in certain premises, means of transport, in hermitage areas, providing fake documents, carrying out plastic surgery with a change of appearance and other actions. In particular, such actions may consist in keeping a person in certain rooms, in caches, or elsewhere, which make it impossible or difficult to establish its actual location [5].

The transfer and reception of a person means the establishment of actual control over the place of its stay, the freedom of movement, the deprivation of the possibility of free movement after the sale of a sale or other unlawful agreement with a person.

The most widespread forms of trafficking in human beings are the creation of fictitious organizations, in particular: commercial firms engaged in the employment of Ukrainian citizens abroad. Typical are low-paid jobs in the European standard of living and social protection: in the agricultural sector -- workers of seasonal harvesting of vegetables, fruits, flower-growing, workers of farms; In the field of construction -- versatile workers, masonry workers, carpenters, loaders, etc.; In public catering establishments, restaurants -- waiters, dishwashers, cleaners, assistant cooks; At industrial enterprises -- sorters, seamstresses, packers, other technical personnel; In entertaining establishments, night clubs -- dancers, singers, strippers; In hotels -- cleaners, ironings, laundry, other technical personnel; Caring for infirm, sick and elderly people, caring for children, etc.; Marriage agencies that offer Ukrainian women an acquaintance in order to marry foreign nationals; Commercial firms that organize beauty contests, photo sessions of models, study or residence in families of foreigners with the aim of improving the knowledge of foreign languages or knowledge of the culture of a particular people; Tourist companies offering tourist tours, living and resting at an appropriate level, however, actually provide channels for the supply of «live goods»

For this type of crime more typical is the commission of a criminal act by a group of individuals or an organized criminal group. In this group there are usually four persons: recruiter, seller, carrier (courier) and buyer (customer). In addition, the accomplices of the crime may include officials of state bodies involved in registration and issuance of documents required for travel abroad, as well as carry out direct control over the movement of citizens across the state border of Ukraine; Workers of fictitious companies, who are also engaged in agitation and registration of documents necessary for travel abroad; Directors of orphanages, employees of perinatal centers for affairs on adoption (adoption) for commercial purposes; Chief medical doctors for organ transplant cases or forcible donation. Among the participants in the crime, a broker may be represented by a separate category of criminals, organizers, accomplices (guards of the goods, persons keeping the places of hiding the victims), pimps, etc. [1].

A specific category of offenders is the «second wave» female recruiter, whose essence lies in the fact that previously sold and used in sexual slavery or pornographic women, returning to Ukraine and using confidence, campaigning friends and acquaintances to go abroad to work abroad on legal terms. As for sex, statistics show that there is no explicit advantage of male or female involvement in crime.

As for the circumstances of the time, it is virtually impossible to determine the prerogative of the hours of the day for committing this crime, given the length of the agitation process and the recruitment of the person, the execution of documents, the transfer of the victim to the destination, the transfer to the buyer, the use of the victim for «purpose» depending on the purpose Trade It can take months or even years until the victim finds ways to get rid of the owner, contact with the family or law enforcement.

Regarding the place where the crime was committed, it is important to note that the movement across the human boundary is not a mandatory indication of the objective side of the criminal act, therefore all cases of trafficking in persons or other illegal trafficking in the territory of Ukraine are also subject to the qualification of this crime [2].

Qualified composition of the crime, provided by Part 2 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code, forms the commission of an act: concerning a minor; In relation to several persons; repeatedly; by prior conspiracy by a group of persons; an official using the official position; the person from whom the victim was materially or otherwise dependent; combined with violence that is not dangerous to the victim's or his relatives' lives or health; With the threat of the use of such violence [8].

Trafficking in persons or other unlawful transfer of several persons is in the case of committing an offense against two or more victims, regardless of whether they have committed the same acts at the same time or at different times if they are united by one intention.

Repeated committing this crime by a person who has already committed a crime, provided by Art. 149 of the Criminal Code in any form concerning both the same person and several persons at different times. On the basis of repetition of Part 2 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code must qualify the actions of the perpetrators, committed against different victims, at different times, not united by a single intention, indicating the independence of each of the committed criminal episodes [8].

In cases where the person has the sole intention to sell, transfer or otherwise unlawfully deal several persons, but performs all the actions not simultaneously, but in stages for each victim (or several persons), the committed forms constitute signs of a single continuing criminal act. In such circumstances, actions cannot qualify on the basis of repetition.

A sale or other unlawful agreement on the transfer of a person committed by a group of persons at a prior agreement involves the prior agreement of two or more persons before the crime ofjoint participation in its commission.

The use of official position is the commission of a crime by a person having the status of an official. Such are the persons who permanently or temporarily carry out the functions of the authorities, as well as permanently or temporarily occupy positions in enterprises, establishments or organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, associated with the use of organizational and administrative or administrative duties, or perform Such responsibilities under special powers.

The commission of an offense with the use of official position occurs when the sale of a person or other illegal transaction for the transfer of a person was performed by an official, using the rights and powers granted to him in the service of the service, including the way out of such rights or powers.

Sale, other payment transfer of a person or other illegal transaction committed by a person from whom the victim was materially or otherwise dependent form the crime in the presence of the following circumstances. Material dependence is the survival of the victim in full or in part with the guilty of possession, as well as the presence of financial or property arrears, which compel the victim to fulfill the wishes and to follow the requirements of the guilty person. Another is the service, family, social (children from parents, guardians, disabled from their trustees ; Non-working family members from materially secured, subordinates -- from bosses, etc.) dependence.

Especially qualified trafficking in human beings under Part 3 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code recognizes the commission of the following actions: concerning the minor; Organized by a group, combined with violence that is dangerous to the victim's or his family's lives or health; With the threat of the use of such violence; If such actions have caused grave consequences [8].

The young man suffered from a male or female article, who, at the time of the conclusion of the relevant agreement, was under 14 years of age.

An offense is recognized as committed by an organized group if three or more persons who were previously organized in a stable association for the commission of this and other crimes, united by a single plan, with the distribution of functions of the group members, aimed at achieving this plan, participated in its preparation or commission. , Known to all members of the group.

Circumstances to be clarified in the investigation of trafficking in human beings or other unlawful agreement on the transfer of a person: time, place, situation, method of cooking, committing and concealing a crime; Ways of moving victims across the border; The form of settlement in trafficking in persons or other unlawful transfer of human rights; The person of the victim (victims); The person of the offender, accomplices (the recruiter, the carrier, the seller, the buyer, the guardian of the «living goods», the officials who contributed to the crime), the role of each of them at the stage of cooking, committing and concealing the crime; The motives and purpose of the sale or other unlawful transfer of human rights; Material, moral and physical harm inflicted on the victim; Circumstances that mitigate or aggravate criminal liability; The causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of the crime. These circumstances are only major issues in the investigation and should be supplemented by an additional list, depending on the stated purpose [3].

At the initial stage of investigation, the following are the following investigations and other actions: interrogations of victims; Detection and questioning of witnesses; Presentation of suspects to identify photographs contained in forensic photographs; Appointment of a forensic medical examination of the victim (in cases of forced donation and transplantation, injuries when participating in armed conflicts, and in all cases the application to the victim of physical violence, exploitation of labor); Review of material evidence (adoption documents, medical cards, labor contracts, other documents and receipts, articles of a pornographic nature if the person was sold for use in the pornographic business); An overview of the place of the event (premises of firms that sheltered trafficking in persons, places of residence of persons indicated by the victim recruiters); Carrying out preliminary investigations of criminologists and forensic examinations of material evidence, materials and documents extracted from the scene.

The subsequent (main) stage of the investigation, in accordance with the general provisions of the forensic methodology, may have two directions of development:

- if the crime was not fortunate disclosure, the following investigative actions and measures are typical: instructing the inquiry agencies through the carrying out of operational and investigative measures to establish the identity of the perpetrator (criminals), to establish witnesses and other victims of the activities of the same criminal group under the same scheme; Repeated overviews of the place of the event, material evidence, questioning witnesses, sending requests to bodies and organizations, etc.;

- if the crime is disclosed, the following investigative actions and measures are typical: the detention and questioning of suspects, the selection of precautionary measures, searches at the place of residence of suspects, their place of work in order to identify traces of a crime or means, the presentation of a suspect to identify victims and witnesses , Staggered rates, the reproduction of the situation and the circumstances of the event, the presentation of the charge, if necessary, the appointment of forensic examinations.

The main tasks of this stage of the investigation are the formation and consolidation of an adequate evidence base of the prosecution.

The final stage of the investigation, also in accordance with the general provisions of the forensic procedure, may have two directions of development: 1) if the crime is not disclosed, the following investigative actions and measures are typical: conduct of repeated and additional investigative actions (reviews, forensic examinations, interrogations), redirection orders Bodies of inquiry to establish the identity of the perpetrator, to establish witnesses of action, to direct requests to bodies of state authority, institutions and organizations in order to obtain forensic information, to decide on Suspension of investigation of a criminal case in accordance with criminal procedure legislation; 2) if the crime is disclosed, the following investigative measures and measures are typical: conduct of repeated and additional actions and measures, collecting data characterizing the person of the offender (offender), acquainting the accused (accused) with the materials of the criminal case, drawing up the indictment, taking a decision on Directing the criminal case in accordance with the criminal procedural law to the judicial authorities.

Of particular importance in the investigation of this category of crimes is the questioning of the victim. Difficulties generates the significant amount of information that needs to be clarified when interrogated: a) about the recruitment process; b) the process of processing documents; c) the process of organizing a trip abroad or to another state of the state; d) the process of sale or other unlawful transshipment agreement; e) on the process of realization of the purpose of trade; f) the process of exemption from the owner [6].

The organizer of the criminal group is inquired in detail about the circumstances of the organization, funding, participants, management of the sale of people, the scheme and method of committing a crime, the ways of selling «living goods», the form of payment for a person, etc. It is important to carefully consider the conduct of searches, seizures and investigative reviews in investigating this crime, especially when it comes to the need to work with documents of commercial firms of employers, travel agencies and marriage agencies, medical institutions, orphanages, taking into account a wide range of ways to conceal criminal intentions. , Suspicion of the interest of criminals from the Ukrainian side (or working in Ukraine foreign citizens, stateless persons) to sell the victim to customers abroad.

Serious consequences of trafficking in human beings may be recognized as the death of the victim, the infliction of serious bodily harm, AIDS, or other incurable illness, suicide or disappearance of the person. The grave consequences also include the mental attitude of the perpetrator, which is characterized only by a careless form of guilt.

Conclusions

Trafficking in human beings is a serious crime, which is a flagrant violation of human rights. That is, trafficking in human beings is the commission of an illegal transaction the object of which is a person, as well as the recruitment, transfer, hiding, transfer or receipt of a person committed for the purpose of exploitation, including sexual exploitation, using deception, fraud, blackmail, a vulnerable person's state, or With the use or threat of use of violence, using the official position or material or other dependence on another person who, in accordance with the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are recognized as a crime.

A compulsory sign of committing a crime in the forms of recruitment, transfer, hiding, transfer or receipt of a person is a method of a criminal act that manifests itself in the use of deception, blackmail or a vulnerable state of a person. The deception is to inform the victim of knowingly false information about the conditions of employment, types of future activity or concealment of important information, the information of which would be significant to the behavior of the person and would influence its decision to accept employment (for example, promises to facilitate work as waiters, Governance with subsequent sales in the field of sexual services).

Thus, the guilty person takes possession of a person and moves through the state border of Ukraine for the subsequent sale (or other transfer), aware that the ultimate goal of such sale (other transmission) of the victim will in the future be: a) its proper exploitation; b) use in porno business; c) involvement in criminal activity; d) involvement in debt bondage; e) Adoption (adoption) for commercial purposes; f) use in armed conflicts; g) exploitation of its labor.

For crimes related to human trafficking, data on how they are committed are usually the main element of forensic characteristics. The amount of information pertaining to the method of committing a crime promotes a more rapid and complete establishment of the crime, finding traces of a crime, clarifying the circumstances accompanying its commission, and establishing the offender.

The method of committing crimes in criminology has always been the subject of detailed attention of scientists, as it serves as a kind of «key» to the disclosure of crimes, reflects the characteristic features of the person, is a determining element in the development of individual methods and in some cases, makes it possible to differentiate certain types of crimes, often poses In front of criminology, new tasks and so on.

Forensic understanding of the method of committing a crime to a large extent differs from its criminal-law interpretation. This is due, first of all, to the distinction between the objects of study and the tasks to which they are directed. For criminology, the signs of the method of committing crimes, which are reflected in the complex of various material and ideal tracks, are at the forefront, which makes it possible to orient itself in the deed and identify the most optimal methods for its disclosure.

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