Правове становище Закарпатської України (1944-1946 роки)

Отдельное внимание в исследовании уделяется анализу договорных процессов между Чехословацкой республикой и Советским Союзом в отношении Закарпатья, в частности подписанию Советско-Чехословацкого договора от 29 июня 1945 г. о передаче Советской Украине этой территории как предпосылке изменения ее государственно-правового статуса.

Отмечается, что воссоединение Закарпатской Украины с Советской Украиной стало заключительным этапом объединения украинских земель в границах одного государства и способствовало окончательному формированию украинской нации. Вместе с тем вхождение Закарпатья в состав УССР обусловило формирование в регионе сталинской системы управления со всеми вытекающими из этого характеристиками. Становление однопартийного тоталитарного режима, сопровождавшееся насаждением коммунистической идеологии и соответствующей кадровой политикой, вызвали недоверие со стороны закарпатцев и даже сопротивление непродуманным мерам. Это, в свою очередь, расценивалось как действия враждебных антинародных сил и обусловило волну политических преследований, коснувшихся лучших политических представителей края.

Ключевые слова: правовое положение, Закарпатская Украина, Народная Рада Закарпатской Украины, Советско-Чехословацкий договор.

Boldyzhar S.M. Legal position Transcarpathian Ukraine (1944-1946). - Manuscript.

Dissertation for a scientific degree of Candidate of Law 12.00.01 - theory and history of state and law; history of politics and law studies. - Kyiv, 2008.

The issues on forming and development of Transcarpathian Ukraine during 1944-1946 have been studied in the dissertation for the first time on the basis of the analysed archives documents, standard legal acts and scientific literature.

There have been analysed the political and legal, socioeconomic preconditions which favoured formation of Transcarpathian Ukraine at the final stage of World War II, in patricular, the separate attention has been paid to the process of its legal forming realized through the decision of the People's Committees First Congress of Transcarpathian Ukraine and the activity of Narodna Rada ( Peoples Counsil). The degree of legitimacy of Transcarpathian Ukraine as a whole and the People's Committees First Congress as a body which has founded it, in particular from the point of view of the standards of international law acting at that time has been defined for the first time.

There have been defined two successive stages in the development of Transcarpathia during the period of 1944-1946. Their chronological frames have been caused by the external and internal political and legal processed on this territory. The legal status of Transcarpathian Ukraine has been described as well as the main legal indications of statehood characteristic of the given administrative territorial formation. On particular, there have been exposed the peculiarifies of forming and the range of duties of state-goverming bodies in the region (Narodna Rada of Transcarpathian Ukraine, People's Committees), the questions of organising the system of judicial power. The order and principles of justice administration have been defined, the standart legal acts adopted by the local power bodies have been analysed. On addition to it there has been mentioned the influence of external factors on the processed which took prace, first of all the influence of the Soviet State and military structures on forming the elements of statehood of Transcarpathian Ukraine.

A spesial attention has been paid in the work to analysing the treaty processes between Czechoslovakian Republic and the Soviet Union concerning Transcarpathia, in particular, signing the Soviet - Czechoslovakian Treaty dated to the 29 of june 1945 about the transferring of this territory to the Soviet Ukraine as a precondition for the change of the state legal status of the region.

Key worgs: legal position, Transcarpathian Ukraine, Narodna Rada of Transcarpathian Ukraine, Soviet-Ukrainian Treaty.

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