Організація і розвиток сучасної судової системи України

Автор предлагает ввести централизованную подготовку судейского корпуса и повысить роль Академии судей Украины в этом процессе. Доказано, что Академию судей Украины необходимо вывести из системы государственной судебной администрации, исходя из того, что их функции не совпадают, а также из недопустимости влияния исполнительной власти на процесс формирования судейского корпуса.

На основе анализа опыта других стран автор делает вывод, что дискуссия о том, какая ветвь власти должна быть ответственной за организационное обеспечение судов - судебная или исполнительная, не является принципиальной. Важно достичь того, чтобы сами судьи не отвечали за такое обеспечение. Исходя из этого, предложено подчинить аппараты судов не председателям судов, а государственной судебной администрации. Председатель суда должен иметь лишь контрольные полномочия относительно аппарата (согласовывать назначение и увольнение работников аппарата, инициировать вопрос об их поощрении или дисциплинарной ответственности, в том числе увольнении).

Ключевые слова: судебная система, система судов, специализация, территориальность, инстанционность, статус судей, ответственность судей, судейское самоуправление, обеспечение судов.

SUMMARY

Kuybida R. The organization and development of modern judicial system of Ukraine. - Manuscript.

Thesis for awarding the scientific degree of Candidate of Laws in speciality 12.00.10 - judicial system; attorney office and lawyer office. - Bar Academy of Ukraine. - Kyiv, 2006.

The research deals with modern judiciary system of Ukraine, particularly its development, organization of the judiciary, legal regulation of the judges' status, status and authorities of the bodies and institutions providing courts' activities, as well as determination of the directions for improvement of the judiciary system of Ukraine. The research contains the analysis of sense and significance of such basis of judiciary system organization as specialization, territoriality, instancing. According to the specialization base, the research proposes to single civil, criminal and administrative courts out the courts of general jurisdiction. It proves the practicability of two-level structure of local courts (local general courts, district specialized courts), and the existence of the courts territorial jurisdiction, which is not concurred with the bounds of administrative and territorial units. In accordance with the instancing base, it proves the necessity to implement the rule “court of the one branch = the one instance”.

The research gives general characteristic of such requirements as professionalism, independence and impartiality in regard to judges' status. For more comprehensive realization of those requirements the author proves necessity: to create the competitive and transparent procedure of the judges' selection; to increase the role of qualification ranks regarding judges' carrier; simultaneously to define exactly the grounds for judges' discharge in the case of the oath breach; to annul the peculiarities of military judges; to define exhaustively by the Law the system of material and social maintenance of judges.

To improve the mechanism of the judges' liability the research proposes: to determine clearly the grounds of disciplinary liability of judges; not to restrict persons available to put in application for opening disciplinary proceeding in the case; to approach the disciplinary procedure to the legal proceedings. It proves the necessity to establish the Disciplinary Commission of the Judges of Ukraine to administrate disciplinary proceeding regarding judges of local and appellate courts and the Office of Court Inspectors.

The research proposes to increase the significance of judges' self-governance, in particular to pass the considerable part of authorities of the Heads and Deputy Heads of Courts to the judges' self-governance bodies. On the basis of analysis of foreign countries experience the author makes conclusion, that the discussion on what branch of power is to be responsible for logistic support of courts - either judicial, or executive, is not so principle. It is important to achieve the result for judges not to be responsible for logistic support by theirselves. Reasoning from that, the author proposes court staff to be subordinated not to the Head of Court, but to the State Court Administration.

Key words: judiciary system, court system, specialization, territoriality, instancing, judges' status, liability of judges, judges' self-governance, logistic support of courts.

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