Системно-квантитативні аспекти полісемії в німецькій мові (синхронія, діахронія та панхронія)

As the traditional methods of studying polysemy and its limitating from the homonymy have several complications, a new experimental approach (on the basis of experiments carried out by V.Levitskiy in Chernivtsy and by the author of the present investigation in Bonn) is being offered. The systematization of quantitative investigations reveals signicant features of polysemy and demonstrates its links with enviring outer world.

In Chapter 3 the Polysemy (as variation) has been analyzed through the category of traditional historical semasiology of "semantic change" (SC). The study of the main classifications of SC and its main types testifies to the incomplete correspondance of them to the polysemy as diachronic (de-)polysemizational processes. The most important characteristics of SC, such as its biological, social and linguistical foundations, and its mechanism and directions have been analyzed. The mechanism of SC and the direction of development, caused by the conditions of the word's functioning and its ethomological meaning, have been interpreted on the basis of the author's conception. In addition to the "word life-cycle" model by A.A. Polycarpov, the author has defined the main factors causing the dissappearance of the words. On the basis of the cultural-historical and quantitative research of the history of 302 adjectives, a formula of M has been found by the author. It can be useful for determining some possible polysemantic components of systemic groups disposed to depolysemazation.

In Chapter 4 polysemy has been analyzed as an achronical and non-geographical phenomenon in panchrony (F. de Saussure) on the basis of the results in typology and of the linguistics of universals. The study of all known types of regularity (semantic laws, tendencies, semantic correlations, universals, etc) assists in systematizing the regular phenomena. The usage of the formulaes of Kt and I, formulated by the author, can facilitate the differentiation of semantic regularities, tendencies and "laws".

The 5th Chapter deals with the lexicographic problems of polysemy presentation in explanatory and synonymic dictionaries. On the basis of analysis of the main discriminative and cummulative dictionaries, a new conception of an integrated dictionary, combining the advantadges of both, has been offered. The main principles of the microstructural organization of the words in the dictionaries' articles and the macrostructural principles of the dictionary's organization have been found, too.

On the basis of the inductive conceptions of J. Casares, R-Hallig & W. Wartburg, L.V. Pasko, etc., the inductive taxonomies of F. Hundsnurscher & J. Splett, and A.N. Shramm, and O.D. Oguy et al., the psychologic classification of R.B.Cattel, a new inductive-deductive type of systematization of polysemantic adjectives, possible for lexicographic usage, has been found. Having taking all the structural principles mentioned above, results of compared DUDEN and WAHRIG dictionaries, a new type of vocabulary article has been suggested.

Key words: tralistic approach; holistic; polysemy, omonymy, polysemant, semantic system of the word and the system of meaning, degree of polysemy, types of polysemy, experimental study of polysemy, approximative-quantitative characteristics of polysemy; semantic change, (de-) polysemising processes, degree of semantic link; semantic regularity, tendency, law, coefficient of the semantic tendency.

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