The borrowings in English language
The borrowing process as the reflection of cultural contacts. The impact of historical events on the development of English vocabulary. Potential of the borrowings in English language. Classification of borrowings according to the degree of assimilation.
| 20.06.2011 | |
| 115,8 K |
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K
Kimbundu
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Northern Angola: banjo...
Kongo
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Angola and Congo: bongo, chimpanzee, funky, zombie...
Korean
An Altaic language spoken in Korea: hangul, kimchi, tae kwon do...
L
Latin
The extinct language of the Roman Empire. It is an Indo-European language: calendar, data, maximum, uniform...
Latvian
An Indo-European language spoken in Latvia: sleazy...
Lithuanian
An Indo-European language spoken in Lithuania: eland, sable, silk...
M
Malagasy
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on the island of Madagascar: aye-aye, raffia...
Malay
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei: amok, bamboo, gong, orang-utan...
Malayalam
A Dravidian language spoken in South India: atoll, copra, teak...
Mandarin
A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in most of China as well as Taiwan, Singapore and parts of Malaysia: Japan, kowtow, kung fu, typhoon...
Maori
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand: haka, kiwi...
Marathi
An Indo-European language spoken in Central India: dhow, chit...
Marshallese
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Pacific Marshall Islands: bikini...
Maya
A Mayan language spoken in Southern Mexico and Guatemala: cigar, shark...
Miami
A language spoken in North America: Illinois...
Micmac
An Algonquian language spoken in North America: toboggan...
Minoan
The extinct Pre-Hellenic language spoken in Minoan Crete: Taurus...
Mohican
An Algonquian language spoken in North America: Connecticut...
N
Nahuatl
An Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Mexico and Central America: chocolate, guacamole, Mexico, tomato...
Navajo
An Athapascan language spoken in North America: Utah...
Nenets
An Uralic language spoken in Siberia: parka...
Nepali
An Indo-European language spoken in parts of Nepal and Himalayan India: Gurkha, panda...
Norman French
The 11th century language of France and England. It is an Indo-European language: accuse, chivalry, justice, parliament...
Norse
The extinct language of the Vikings (or Norsemen) from Scandinavia. It is an Indo-European language: berserk, husband, reindeer, window...
Norwegian
An Indo-European language spoken in Norway: fjord, iceberg, ski, walrus...
O
Ojibwa
An Algonquian language spoken in North America: Mississippi, Ottawa, totem...
Omaha
A language spoken in North America: Nebraska...
P
Papago
An Uto-Aztecan language spoken in North America: Arizona...
Phoenician
The extinct language of the ancient Mediterranian empire of Phoenicia. It is an Afrio-Asiatic language: Bible, gypsum, purple...
Pictish
The extinct pre-Celtic language of Scotland: Caledonia, fife...
Polish
An Indo-European language spoken in Poland: horde, mazurka...
Portuguese
An Indo-European language spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Angola and Mozambique: breeze, flamingo, marmalade, molasses...
Potawatomi
An Algonquian language spoken in North America: Chicago...
Provencal
An Indo-European language spoken in Southern France: boutique, crusade, limousine, pilgrim...
Punic
An extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in ancient Carthage: map, purse...
Q
Quechua
An Andean-Equatorial language spoken in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. It is the language of the Inca Empire: cocoa, guano, Inca, llama...
R
Romanian
An Indo-European language spoken in Romania: Dracula, pastrami...
Romansh
An Indo-European language spoken in parts of Switzerland: avalanche...
Romany
An Indo-European language spoken in large parts of Europe. It is the language of the Romani (Gypsy) people: cosh, gigolo, pal...
Russian
An Indo-European language spoken in Russia and large parts of Central Asia: bistro, cosmonaut, mammoth, vodka...
S
Sabine
An extinct language of pre-Roman Italy. It is a member of the Indo-European family: lingua...
Sami
An Uralic language spoken in Lapland in Northern Scandinavia: tundra...
Sanskrit
An ancient Hindu language from Northern India. It is a member of the Indo-European family: Aryan, candy, orange, sugar...
Serbian
An Indo-European language spoken in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia: vampire...
Shona
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Zimbabwe, in Southern Africa: Zimbabwe...
Shoshone
A language spoken in North America: Idaho...
Sinhalese
An Indo-European language spoken on the island of Sri Lanka: rogue, tourmaline...
Sioux
An Iroquoian language spoken in North America: Dakota, Kansas, Minnesota, tepee...
Sotho
A Niger-Congo language spoken in South Africa and Lesotho: milo...
Spanish
An Indo-European language spoken in Spain, the southern USA, several islands in the Caribbean, Central America and most of South America: canyon, guitar, patio, tornado...
Sumerian
The extinct language of the Sumerian and Babylonian Empires: abyss, cane...
Swahili
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and the island of Zanzibar: dengue...
Swedish
An Indo-European language spoken in Sweden and parts of Finland: boulder, mink, smorgasbord, Tungsten...
Swiss French
An Indo-European language spoken in Switzerland: chalet, glacier, moraine...
Swiss German
An Indo-European language spoken in Switzerland: bivouac, muesli...
Syriac
An extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in ancient Syria: abbot, damson, Mammon...
T
Tagalog
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in northern Philippines: boondocks, yo-yo...
Tahitian
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Tahiti: tattoo...
Taino
A language spoken in the Caribbean: guava, hammock, hurricane, potato...
Tamil
A Dravidian language spoken in South India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore: anaconda, curry, mango, pariah...
Tartar
An Altaic language spoken in the Crimea region of Russia: shashlik...
Telugu
A Dravidian language spoken in South India: mongoose...
Temne
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Sierra Leone: cola...
Thai
A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Thailand: Siamese...
Tibetan
A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Tibet, Nepal and North India: lama, sherpa, yak, yeti...
Tongan
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on the Pacific island of Tonga: taboo...
Trinidadian English
An Indo-European language spoken on the Caribbean island of Trinidad: limbo...
Tswana
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Botswana and parts of South Africa: tsetse...
Tupi
An Andean-Equatorial language spoken in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon: cashew, maraca, piranha, tapioca...
Turkish
An Altaic language spoken in Turkey, Cyprus and parts of Bulgaria: caviar, kebab, tulip, yoghurt...
U
Ukrainian
An Indo-European language spoken in Ukraine and the Black Sea: balaclava, Cossack...
Urdu
An Indo-European language spoken in Pakistan and North India: balti, Pakistan, purdah...
W
Walloon French
An Indo-European language spoken in Southern Belgium: rabbit...
Welsh
An Indo-European language spoken in the UK region of Wales: corgi, cwm, maggot, penguin...
Wiradhuri
A Pama-Nyungan language spoken in Australia: billabong, kookaburra...
Wolof
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Senegal and Gambia: banana, chigger, yam...
Y
Yiddish
An Indo-European language spoken in Europe, Israel and North America by the Jewish community: bagel, glitch, nosh, schmuck...
Yoruba
A Niger-Congo language spoken in Nigeria: dashiki...
Z
Zulu
A Niger-Congo language spoken in South Africa: impala, mamba...
Zuni
A language spoken in Mexico: Apache...
|
English |
Chinese Source |
Literal Meaning |
Remarks |
|
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Bok choy |
White vegetable |
(Via Cantonese baak choi) |
||
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Bonsai |
~ |
Bowl plant |
(Via Japanese) |
|
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Cheongsam |
Long dress |
(Via Cantonese cheung sam) The same dress is known as a qipao () in Mandarin |
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China |
` |
Name of the Qin dynasty |
The West appears to have named China after the first dynasty to unify the country. The Chinese call their country zhong guo () or Central Country. |
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Chop chop |
} |
Hurried |
(Via Cantonese gap) |
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Chop suey |
Miscellaneous bits |
(Via Cantonese jaap seui) |
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Chow |
u |
Fried (food) |
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Chow chow |
Doggie |
A dog breed |
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Chow mein |
u? |
Fried noodle |
(Via Cantonese chaau mein) |
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Coolie |
Bitter power |
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Cumshaw |
Grateful thanks |
(Via Amoy dialect) |
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Dimsum |
yS |
Pointing to the heart |
(Via Cantonese dim sam) |
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Feng shui |
Wind and water |
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Gingkgo |
(Via Japanese) |
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Ginseng |
l? |
(Via Cantonese yan sam) |
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Gung ho |
Ha |
Work together in harmony |
From motto of some US Marine forces in Asia during WW II |
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Japan |
{ |
Source of the sun |
||
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J-particle |
(A surname) |
The J-particle is a subatomic particle named after its discoverer, Samuel C.C. Ting (). The letter J resembles the shape of Ting's last name (). |
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Judo |
_ |
Gentle Way |
(Via Japanese) |
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Junk |
D |
Boat |
(Via Malay) |
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Kanji |
Chinese characters |
(Via Japanese) |
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Kaolin |
Tall mountain peak |
Name of area of Jiangxi province famed for its white porcelain powder |
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Ketchup |
֏` |
Tomato sauce |
(Via Cantonese ke jap). Most dictionaries actually list the source of the word as being a Chinese or Malay word meaning fish sauce. They ignore the more direct route: the Cantonese word which sounds like ketchup and which actually means tomato sauce. Duh. (In mandarin, ketchup is called ԉ?) |
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Kowtow |
@ |
Knock head |
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Kumquat |
k |
Golden orange |
(Via Cantonese gam gwat) |
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Kungfu |
v |
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Lose face |
?_ |
Lose face |
Literal translation of the chinese phrase menaing humiliation |
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Loquat |
ḋk |
(Via Cantonese lou gwat). Mandarin name is pipa (f) |
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Lychee |
?} |
(Via Cantonese lai ji) |
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Mahjong |
||||
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Oolong |
G |
Black dragon |
A type of tea |
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Pekoe |
| |
White down feather |
(Via Amoy dialect) A type of tea. |
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Pinyin |
? |
Sound spelling |
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Ricksha |
͎ |
(Human-) Powered vehicle |
(Via Japanese) Short for l͎ or human-powered vehicle |
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Sampan |
?? |
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Shanghai |
C |
Northern Sea |
Used in English as a verb meaning to abduct (Presumably from prior practive by San Francisco boat captains of kidnapping men in order to press them into service in Shanghai bound boats.) |
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Shaman |
Sand door |
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Shaolin |
Small forest |
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Shinto |
_ |
Saintly way |
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Silk |
N |
Silk |
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Shogun |
R |
Army General |
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Soy (sauce) |
? |
(Via Japanese shoyu) |
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Tai chi |
Ultimate |
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Tai chi chuan |
Ɍ |
Ultimate boxing |
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Taipan |
|
Big boss |
(Via Cantonese daai baan) |
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Tangram |
+ gram |
Chinese picture |
Tang, the name of one of China's most successful dynasties is used to denote the Chinese people. |
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Tao (Dao) |
Way |
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Tea |
Tea |
(Via Amoy dialect) |
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Tofu |
Bean curd |
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Tycoon |
劯 |
Great official |
(Via Japanese) |
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Typhoon |
E |
Hurricane |
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Wok |
? |
Cauldron |
(Via Cantonese wok) |
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Wonton |
?J |
(Via Cantonese wan tan) |
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Wushu |
p |
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Yamen |
ɖ |
Official door |
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Yen |
? |
Craving |
To yearn |
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Yen |
Monetary unit |
(Via Japanese) Japanese money |
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Yin Yang |
Az |
Abbreviations
Lat.- Latin
Gr. -Greek
Fr. -French
R.-Russian
Sp. -Spanish
Ukr. -Ukraine
Germ. -German
Sc. -Scandinavian
B.C -Before Christ
A.D -After Christ
Mod.E -Modern English
O.E -Old English
M.E -Middle English
N.E -Norse English
c. -century
v. -verb
n. -noun
adj. -adjective
cf. -compare (conferre)
i.e. -that is (short for Latin id est)
etc. -and other similar things; and so on, (shirt for et cetere)
e.g. -for example (short for Latin example gratia)
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