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Denigration of Ukraine and Its Contexts in Modern Domestic Historiography

Since the 1980s, Ukrainian historians have dramatically expanded their source base and investigation range to have published a considerable body of archival materials. Some works of national historiography of the 2nd part of the 19th and early 20th century returned to scientific circulation. They include the legacy of И Antonovych, M. Hrushevsky, and others. However, besides notable scientific discoveries, we observe vividly negative phenomena: plagiarizing, “para-scientific” and quasi-historical texts.

To counterweigh negative tendencies, some historians (e.g., H. Kasianov, N. Yakovenko) declared their preference to modern methodology of historical science, namely to methods related to European scientific postmodern approach. They sharply criticized both classical Ukrainian historiography and modern national science. Contrariwise, in the 2nd part of the 1990s, Yaroslav Dashkevych and other researchers voiced concern regarding feckless copying of postmodern research approaches to Ukrainian scientific practices, since it could endanger the development of national and state awareness of the Ukrainian community, as well as solidifying of the fundamentals of historical memory.

The article acknowledges the positive impact of discussion regarding the methodology and problems of historical research, but also showcases the examples of the tendentious critique of Mykhailo о Hrushevskys scientific heritage (as in case of N. Yakovenko). Along with many positive features, books and speeches of this author contained biased interpretations of contradictory phenomena of the Ukrainian history, which was a step back comparing to the classic school of the 19th - early 20th c. The criteria for evaluation of national historiography proposed by H. Kasianov are of a too generic nature and do not take into account the specifics of topics and authorship. In his critique of national historiography devoted to Holodomor (artificial famine in Ukraine organized by Bolsheviks), he marks it as “nationalistic”, while using inadequate interpretations and non-scientific substitutions. In his style of reasoning, Kasianov goes beyond boundaries of scientific ethics.

Під поняттям українозневажання ми розуміємо цілий комплекс рефлективних та свідомісних настанов, орієнтованих на споживання переважно колоніяльного культурного та інформаційного продукту, на сприймання й інтерпретування української культури як недолугої й відсталої, а також на творення й поширення в інформаційному полі вербального й сценічного продукту, в якому набутки цієї культури подаються в заниженому або й пейоративному ключі, продукування шаржовано-гумористичних інтерпретацій української культури, йдеться, зрештою, про синдроми латентної українофобії. Залежно від тонусу подачі українозневажальні меседжі можуть трансформуватися в україноненависницькі (українофобські), тому межа між цими градаціями визначається рівнем вербалізованости й відкритости інтенцій.

Українозневажальні меседжі мають поширення як у масовому інформаційно-культурному продукті, так і у вну- трішньофахових наукових текстах, в яких українозневажан- ня виступає як супутній продукт позірно модернізаційних гуманітарних розробок, пошуку нових інтелектуальних можливостей для гуманітарної науки, критики відсталости національної науки тощо.

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