Establishing the boundaries of flooding, flooding zones in the Primorsky Territory

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

ESTABLISHING THE BOUNDARIES OF FLOODING, FLOODING ZONES IN THE PRIMORSKY TERRITORY

Melnikova Polina Vladimirovna,

Umants Irina Faritovna

Abstract

The article discusses the need to establish the boundaries of flood zones and flooding for settlements located in the river basins of the Primorsky Territory to prevent the negative impact of water on the population and economy.

Keywords: areas with special conditions of use; boundaries of the flood zone, flooding; pool; map (plan).

Аннотация

Мельникова Полина Владимировна, Уманец Ирина Фаритовна УСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ГРАНИЦ ЗОН ЗАТОПЛЕНИЯ, ПОДТОПЛЕНИЯ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПРИМОРСКОГО КРАЯ

В статье рассмотрена необходимость установления границ зон затопления, подтопления для населенных пунктов, расположенных в бассейнах рек Приморского края для предупреждения негативного воздействия вод на население и хозяйство.

Ключевые слова: зоны с особыми условиями использования; границы зоны затопления, подтопления; бассейн; карта (план).

The main text

Due to the influence of frequent rain floods with a sharp and intense rise in water levels in most rivers of the Primorsky Territory, they overflow their banks and reach dangerous hydrological levels. According to the Roshydromet department for the Far Eastern Federal District, as of August 28, 2023, water levels reached dangerous hydrological levels in certain sections of the Bolshaya Ussurka and Ilistaya rivers, the Malinovka rivers, on the Razdolnaya river and its small tributaries the Borisovka and Rakovka rivers of the Primorsky Territory. The maximum flood levels exceeded the dangerous phenomenon levels mainly by 2-71 cm, on the Razdolnaya and Rakovka rivers - by 1.1-3.0 m. On the Razdolnaya River the levels exceeded historical values. The water content of most rivers of the region during the passage of maximums was 2.1-4.0 times higher than normal, the Razdolnaya River was up to 7.0 times higher [1].

Satellite information from the Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center Planeta of Roshydromet clearly demonstrates the areas of flooding on the rivers of the region, in particular on the river. Razdolnaya. Every year, most territories of the Primorsky Territory are affected by floods. Waters overflow their banks and flood surrounding areas, including populated areas, agricultural lands and sections of roads.

The flood-prone areas of the Primorsky Territory are: Oktyabrsky, Nadezhdinsky, Mikhailovsky, Khasansky, Ussuriysky, Khorolsky, Pogranichny, Spassky, Khankaysky, Shkotovsky, Chuguevsky, Anuchinsky, Yakovlevsky, Kirovsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Dalnerechensky, Lazovsky, Olginsky, Kavalerovsky, Dalnegorsky. flood zone river basin

To control the complex flood situation in the region, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Primorsky Territory annually undertakes active preventive methods of flood protection: design documentation is developed for protection objects, the locations of the boundaries of coastlines, coastal protective strips, water protection zones are determined, determined and entered into the Unified State Real Estate Register (EGRN) information about flood zones and inundation zones for settlements in the region (more than 168 settlements in total).

To prevent the negative impact of water on certain territories and elimin ate the consequences of such impact, water management measures are carried out, established by the «Water Code of the Russian Federation» of March 6, 2006 № 74-FZ. An important measure in relation to territories exposed to the negative effects of water and not provided with protection engineering structures (dams, bank protection structures, artificial elevation of the surface of territories) is to establish the boundaries of flood zones and underflooding [2].

The determination of the boundaries of flood and underflooding zones is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 18, 2014 № 360 «On the determination of the boundaries of flood and underflooding zones».

Illustration 1 Flood situation on the river Razdolnaya

Source: Space sensing data from the Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Center Planeta of Roshydromet as of August 27, 2023

In accordance with this provision, proposals are being prepared to the Federal Water Resources Agency for the purpose of cadastral registration of the boundaries of flood zones and flooding of the territory of populated areas.

The work of establishing flood zones and flooding is very labor -intensive. The range of work includes, first of all, engineering-geological and engineering- hydrological surveys, scientific research, collection and processing of various materials, calculation of hydrological characteristics, land management work, coordination with the relevant authorities: the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Consequence Elimination natural disasters, the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use and the public law company Roskadastr [3].

The main stage of work to determine the boundaries of flood zones, and then flood zones, is engineering and hydrometeorological surveys, which are carried out jointly by several specialists, namely geologists, surveyors and hydrogeologists. At the same time, the hydrometeorological component of the territory for which zones are established is studied: physical and geographical information is collected, then engineering surveys and studies are carried out.

Illustration 2 Stages of determining the boundaries of flood zones and flooding

In the case under consideration, when carrying out hydrometeorological work on «Defining the boundaries of flood zones, underflooding on the territory of the Mikhailovsky municipal district, Nadezhdinsky municipal district, Oktyabrsky municipal district of Primorsky Krai», the guidance was provided by regulatory documents from the list of national standards and codes, as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, it is ensured compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law «Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures». All work performed is reflected at the final stage of engineering and hydrometeorological surveys in the «Technical Report».

Table 1

Composition, types and scope of work

Upon completion of the work, surveyors establish the location of the boundaries of the flood zone, together with the generated report, the data is transferred to the cadastral engineer to enter the coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries of the designed zone into a map (plan) of zones with special conditions of use. The cadastral engineer generates a package of documents (description of the boundaries of the object and a plan of the boundaries of the object, then generates an XML file), and together with the Technical Report is sent for approval in accordance with Resolution № 360 [4].

The boundary of the flood zones today is formed taking into account the Technical Report received by the geologist and surveyor as a result of work to determine the boundary of the flood zone and reconnaissance, hydrological survey of the territory.

Within the boundaries of flooding zones, the following are determined:

1. territories of severe flooding - with a depth of groundwater less than 0.3 meters;

2. territories of moderate flooding - with a depth of groundwater from 0.30.7 to 1.2-2 meters from surfaces;

3. areas of slight flooding - with a groundwater depth of 2 to 3 meters.

Groundwater refers to the underground water of the first permanently existing aquifer from the surface, located on the first impermeable layer. The main factor in increasing the groundwater level due to flooding of coastal sections of rivers is the backwater of surface water due to hydraulic connection.

The results of filtration calculations are transferred to a topographic basis (map) and the distribution of the flooding zone is specified. Next, a complete project is being developed to determine the boundaries of flood and flood zones. Comprehensive information is entered on the use of the territory in respect of which flood and flood zones are established, on the population living in this territory and on objects (residential, non -residential, public, commercial) in the flood and flood zones.

The project with the established boundaries of the flood zone is transferred to the cadastral engineer. In turn, the cadastral engineer creates a description of the boundaries and a plan for the boundaries of the flood zone. Then it generates a final XML file consisting of TerritoryToGKN and ZoneToGKN and, together with the Project, sends it for approval with the authorized bodies, in accordance with Resolution № 360 [4].

After agreeing on all the boundaries of flooding and inundation zones, as well as approving the project, the cadastral engineer transfers the package of documents to the Federal Water Resources Agency (or its regional branch, in this case the Amur Basin Water Administration), which in turn sends the complete package of documents to the Public Law Company «Roskadastr» (Branch of PPK Roskadastr» in the Primorsky Territory) for entering information into the Unified State Register of Real Estate.

The result is the established boundaries of flood zones, flooding on the ground within the boundaries of the populated area. Information about flood zones and underflooding after entering information into the Unified State Register is publicly available. Determining the boundaries of flood zones and flooding makes it possible to plan effective measures to prevent the negative impact of water on the population and economy.

Literature

1. Department of Roshydromet for the Far Eastern Federal District. About the flood situation on the rivers of the Primorsky Territory as of August 28, 2023 [Electronic resource]. // URL: https://dfo.meteorf.gov.ru/index.php/novosti/1025- o-pavodkovoj-obstanovke-na-rekakh-primorskogo-kraya-posostoyaniyu-na-28-08- 2023 (date of access: 11.30.2023).

2. Code of the Russian Federation. Federal Law of June 3, 2006 №74-FZ «Water Code of the Russian Federation» (as amended on August 4, 2023) (as amended on September 1, 2023).

3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 18, 2014 No. 360 «On flooding zones» (as amended on Augu st 17, 2022).

4. Federal Law of June 18, 2001 № 78-FZ (latest edition) «On Land Management».

Размещено на Allbest.ru