The limits and opportunities of the agriculture cooperation between China and Russia at the current situation

Now as the world environment, and Russia is face slightly apart as a group with relations on the whole, in agriculture, strengthen international cooperation and development, to meet the common important opportunity, and fully excavate resources between the two countries, investment, trade, science and technology, and production in the areas of complementary advantages and potentials for cooperation, to mutual benefit and win-win results for goals, to drive transparency, for the former to build machine system as guarantee, to establish «strategic mutual trust, with a total development» of the agricultural industry all relations of cooperation. It represents a new type of relationship between the two countries in the new era. In recent years, with the continuous warming of the political relations between the two countries and the further development of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination, the advantages of the political relations have gradually been transformed into practical cooperation in multiple fields. As an important area of China-Russia cooperation, agricultural cooperation has strategic and overall significance at the level of the two governments and it's an important part of consolidating the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination. China and Russia are each other's largest neighbors with prominent geographical advantages, convenient transportation conditions and low transportation costs. Carrying out agricultural cooperation between China and Russia can make full use of the complementarity of agricultural resources of the two countries, ease the constraints of their respective shortage of resources, optimize the efficiency of resource allocation, effectively promote the complementarity of agricultural economic advantages of the two countries and achieve the ultimate goal of common prosperity. Since the 21st century, China and Russia have developed rapidly and become the two core economies in northeast Asia. At present, agriculture in China and Russia develops slowly due to many factors. If China and Russia carry out large-scale agricultural cooperation and accelerate the international flow of production factors, it will effectively solve some problems, open up the agricultural market with huge potential in the two countries, and promote the economic development of northeast Asia. On December 17, 2011, Russia formally joined the WTO. In recent years, Russia has continuously adjusted its relevant policies and regulations to make it conform to the international standards, which undoubtedly accelerated the economic cooperation process in northeast Asia and provided a broader market for agricultural products trade in northeast Asia.

The agricultural science and technology cooperation mainly includes the construction of agricultural informatisation, the exchange of agricultural high-tech management technology, and the technical cooperation in the field of agricultural applied science and research. Russia leads the world about science and technology in other fields, but lacks scientific and technical personnel in agriculture. China's agriculture is mostly small-scale peasant economy, and there are not many types of large-scale farm agriculture. Both sides need to enhance high-end agricultural technology. The two countries have a lot of agricultural cooperation in the far east, as well as a lot of science and technology pilot projects and the cultivation of agricultural talents. We should strengthen the cultivation of deep-seated agricultural science and technology talents and develop high-end agricultural technologies so as to provide greater development space for our agriculture. The two sides should not only train agricultural talents, but also increase investment and carry out exchanges and cooperation in various forms of agricultural technology so as to draw on each other's strengths and achieve common development. The two countries should enhance the overall level of agricultural science and technology, reduce the cost input, increase the profit margin and expand the national economic value, so as to make the agricultural cooperation between the two countries more lasting. Based on their respective advantages in agricultural science and technology, China and Russia should accelerate the introduction and transformation of each other's advanced achievements, expand the scope of the export of superior technologies, promote the progress and innovation of agricultural technology, improve the utilization of resources and agricultural production efficiency, and advance the pace of agricultural modernization in China and Russia. The investment guarantee mechanism is the basic premise to promote agricultural investment cooperation among countries. The government needs to build a cooperative platform to promote agricultural cooperation. The governments of China and Russia at all levels should encourage each other's enterprises to actively carry out agricultural cooperation, enhance the potential awareness of mutual cooperation and promote the further development of bilateral agricultural cooperation through the signing of intergovernmental strategic cooperation agreements and investment cooperation agreements. In addition, the government needs to optimize the investment environment to promote agricultural cooperation. On the basis of ensuring the stability and continuity of agricultural investment policies, the Chinese and Russian governments should formulate corresponding supporting preferential policies to facilitate mutual agricultural investment and create a good policy environment for agricultural enterprises of the two countries to invest.

Under the background of economic globalization, the trade between various countries is more frequent. In this situation, China proposes «One Belt And One Road», which is to go out and bring in to stimulate the development of the global economy. The agriculture of China and Russia cannot be independent from the rest of the world. Only by actively seeking various kinds of cooperation, that can make the flow of agricultural production factors about the two countries, give full play to each other's agricultural advantages and achieve the optimal allocation of agricultural resources. The key areas of agricultural cooperation between China and Russia should include agricultural resources, science and technology, infrastructure, etc. The ways of cooperation should include the construction of joint production bases for agricultural products, the construction of agricultural parks in Russia, and the cooperation between agricultural enterprises, etc. The two sides should focus on science and technology to drive progress and investment to promote development. The agricultural resources of China and Russia are complementary and cooperative. Russia has abundant agricultural land resources, but at present, the utilization rate is not high. Currently, the actual agricultural land in Russia is 20,000 hm2, only accounting for half of the total agricultural usable land resources, and the scope of agricultural activities in Russia only accounts for 12.9% of the total territory. There is a serious waste of agricultural land resources. At present, China has rich agricultural labor resources and agricultural production management experience. More importantly, China has enough capital to support land investment in Russia. As the countries carry out the strategy of «area», agricultural resources cooperation between them to produce a new kind of «food products» as a model, Russia's low, cheap land rents, attracted a large number of Chinese enterprises to the cultivation of crops, the production by Russian, quality standards, a high quality agricultural products quality, popular after back home, back to pin this model to help both fall into the article shaw's Russian agriculture has found a new way, also on the grain food in the countries lack of mouth into the effective supplies. The huge agricultural research system between China and Russia is enough to support the exchanges. China and Russia have their respective strengths in agricultural science and technology, and there is a basis for cooperation and exchanges. Russia has 310 agricultural research units, 528 test farms, 63 breeding centers (49 crops, 14 livestock), 94,000 researchers and hundreds of thousands of excellent breeding stock resources. At present, China has 1,356 central and local agricultural research institutions, 76 state-level agricultural research institutions. China and Russia have huge agricultural scientific research systems. Every year, 250-300 new varieties of crops and animal husbandry are tested on a regional basis. Every two or three years, China develops a batch of new agricultural crop varieties. At the same time, China is in the leading position in fertilization and irrigation technology, disease and insect pest control, animal vaccine and agricultural machinery. China and Russia have their respective strengths in agricultural science and technology, and there is a basis for cooperation and exchanges and conditions for complementary development. Russia's agricultural infrastructure is relatively backward, while China's rich experience in agricultural infrastructure construction and management provides a foundation for cooperation in this field. Russian agricultural areas based facilities fall after causing severe waste of agricultural products, according to the Russian academy of agricultural sciences, the lagging in logistics, warehousing, transportation system development and lack of technology and equipment, etc., each year grain loss caused by loss of about 15 million ~ 20 million t, 1 million t, 7 million t cow milk, meat is only completed the whole valley, the department of closed, Russia also need 90000 sets of 280000 tractors and harvesters. In October 2014, Russia signed a memorandum of understanding in Beijing to join the china-led Asian infrastructure investment bank. For Russia, joining the Asian infrastructure investment bank has very important economic and political significance.

In recent years, with the rise of cross-border e-commerce, trade barriers between countries have been broken in a new situation, bringing changes to the global economy and trade, and bringing many benefits to countries, enterprises and consumers. Russia, which has always had good trade relations with China, has witnessed rapid development of its cross-border e-commerce market. The agricultural trade form between the two countries has changed from a single traditional mode to a variety of business modes of entity and e-commerce, providing a new growth point for the trade cooperation about them. The two governments have also issued a lot of policies to support this, and the agricultural trade. Both sides has increased the potential and opportunities. In recent years, Russia's retail sales have been declining due to political reasons and economic sanctions imposed by the United States and some European Union countries, but the online store market is growing rapidly. It grew by 21 percent in 2016 to 920 billion rubles, and by more than 25 percent in 2017 to nearly 1.2 trillion rubles. According to data from Yandex, Russia's largest search engine and online payment service, orders for Chinese goods purchased online by russians in the first half of 2017 increased fivefold compared with the same period in 2016, and the revenue of Chinese online retailers collected through Yandex increased 94%. On August 8, 2014, the SuifenRiver bograinichineh and Dongning-poltavka ports launched the pilot project of mutual recognition of supervision results, which saved the time of goods clearance and improved the level of trade facilitation. 2016 Harbin customs further deepening cooperation with Russia customs, innovation cooperation mode, broaden areas of cooperation, enrich cooperation contents, established customs bureau, anti-smuggling departments, subordinate customs between three levels of long-term and stable cooperation mechanism, actively promote the implementation of information exchange, mutual recognition and enforcement of mutual regulation «three mutual cooperation mode». At present, the agricultural products in the e-commerce trade between China and Russia are mainly aquatic products. Because of the advanced refrigeration technology, short time for customs clearance, and the good quality of aquatic products in the far east of Russia, they are favored by Chinese consumers. According to statistics, the number of online shopping in Russia is increasing, and the number of online shopping websites in Russia is also increasing. In China, where the real economy is being hit by online transactions, the number of online buyers is soaring. Moreover, One Belt And One Road traffic construction provides convenience for the cross-border logistics industry. In the future, e-commerce will develop better and better, and the combination of online and offline will become the mainstream, both sides provide new opportunities for the trade of agricultural products, with great development potential.

In addition, China and Russia share a long border, where most of their agricultural trade is conducted. In recent years, both countries have made great efforts to develop their border areas, providing new prospects for the development of agricultural products. Russia's far east is close to the northeast in China, rich in land resources, similar to China's northeast climate conditions, roads and railways are connected with China, with good conditions for the development of agriculture. Primorsky krai is located in the southeast of Russia, bordering China's Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. It is the most important agricultural production area in the Russian far east and the most intensive agricultural development area. In recent years, with the continuous increase of Russia's support to the far east and the continuous increase of foreign investment, the border region's agriculture has developed rapidly, with the total agricultural output in the border region reaching us $1.593 billion, up 114.8% over 2007, accounting for 8.92% of the border region's gross domestic product. Among them, the gross product of planting industry is 523 million dollars, the gross product of animal husbandry is 315 million dollars, and the gross product of Marine fishery is 755 million dollars. Soybean and grain crops are the main crops in the border areas. The total sown area of the border area was 348,800 hm, of which soybean accounted for 43.0%, rice, wheat and corn and other food crops for spring sowing accounted for 30.3%, and the rest were mainly forage crops such as grass and vegetables such as potatoes, accounting for 13.9% and 12.8% of the total sown area respectively. The output of major agricultural products such as soybeans, grain, feed and vegetables was 1.0593 million tons, up 45.21 percent over 2007. The border region has the best traffic conditions in the Russian far east. Trans-siberian railway transport capacity of 100 million t and Baikal - Amur railway (annual transport capacity of 12.5 million t, leading to the Russian heartland, the Russian far east railway through Suifenhe port rail links with China, Heilongjiang land reclamation bureau is currently actively promote HuLin to column Zavos grams of railway construction, the future of agricultural products to enter the Chinese railway will be increased to 2. The border area is the region with the most concentrated shipping capacity in the far east of Russia. There are 16 seaports, including Vladivostok port, Nakhodka port and Vostok port. The annual handling capacity of Nakhodka port is 29 million t, and that of Vladivostok port is 6.6 million t. Agricultural products can reach China and other countries and regions in the world by sea. In addition, Jilin investment group co., ltd. is building grain-only ports in Zarubino and Rason in the border region and neighboring north Korea. With the establishment and use of grain-only ports, grain transportation capacity in the border region will be greatly improved. China's «going global» agriculture needs to further promote agricultural development in border areas. The current China's agricultural development has entered a «new normal», domestic agricultural production costs rise quickly, grain, oil and other major agricultural prices higher than international market prices, consumer demand to shift from quantity to quality of agricultural products, agricultural supplies, agricultural machinery, such as industry slowdown in domestic demand, the solution of these problems require the Chinese agricultural «go out», establishing production base of foreign high-quality agricultural products, and provide new markets for domestic related industries. On the Russian side, superior agricultural potential in the far east has not been translated into realistic agricultural production capacity due to a shortage of capital, technology, Labour and advanced equipment. To revive the far east, Russia needs the co-operation of other countries. With China's need to «go global» in agriculture and Russia's need to attract investment from other countries, the far east, represented by the border region, has become a meeting point for bilateral cooperation.

Conclusion

Agriculture is the foundation of a country. Both China and Russia have vast farmland and rich agricultural resources, and they have been developing agriculture vigorously in recent years. The country has a large area, a variety of climatic zones, suitable for growing a variety of crops. However, the two countries have differences. Since ancient times, China has emphasized agriculture rather than commerce and developed agriculture. Russia, on the other hand, is industrial and commercial, and has only begun to develop agriculture since Putin President came to power. China is Russia's largest trading partner. Due to the influence of politics and global environment, the two countries have frequent multilateral agricultural trade exchanges. Under the influence of global economization, the free trade market develops rapidly, especially in the northeast of China and the far east of Russia. China's imports of agricultural products from Russia are relatively unitary and concentrated in aquatic products. Exports are more diversified, but mainly vegetables and fruits. The trade of agricultural products between the two countries is highly complementary and has a good development prospect and potential.

The trade war between China and the United States in the past two years has provided a good trade opportunity for the import and export of soybeans between China and Russia. And China put forward the «One Belt And One Road», westward development; And Russia is vigorously developing the far east, to the east. Therefore, the two countries cooperate to develop in the northeast and far east, improve transportation, improve science and technology, train talents, promulgate preferential policies and develop greater trade potential between the two countries. No matter from the subjective or objective conditions, the development of agricultural trade between the two countries has a promising prospect and there are many opportunities and space for development. I hope the agricultural development of the two countries will be better and better in the future.

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