The influence of physical condition level on the adaptive capacity of the organism and stress resistance of students of the faculty of physical education

Specifically, only one student with moderate stress resistance was identified in the 1^st group of boys, while all others (n = 8) had a reduced level of stress resistance. In the 1^st group of girls, only 1 student had a high level of stress resistance, 16 students - with average level, and all others - 23 persons had also low level of stress resistance. In the 2^nd group of boys (n = 34), only 12 students were with a moderate level of stress resistance, all others - with reduced level of stress resistance. The girls of the 2^nd group (n = 3) also had low levels of stress resistance. Among the boys of the 3^rd group (n = 34) there was only one high stress resistance student, 16 persons were with average level, and 17 students had low stress resistance level. The 3^rd group of girls (n = 2) characterized by average level of stress resistance. In the 4t^h group of boys (n = 11) only 3 students were with average level of stress resistance, while the other 8 students were with low level. One boy of the 5^th group had average and one - low level of resistance to stress.

In the study, we used correlation analysis to identify the degree of causality of students' level of physical condition from the cardiovascular and psycho-emotional characteristics, which were analyzed above and to determine the hierarchy of existing dependencies (see fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Correlation between the LPhC and Cardiovascular, Psycho-Emotional Indicators Notes: 1 - HR; 2 - BPsyst.; 3 - BPdiast; 4 - AP; 5 - KVI; 6 - well-being; 7 - activity; 8 - mood; 9 - stress resistance.

The strongest feedback was observed between the LPhC and indicators such as HR and AP (r = -0,82). The average correlation dependence recorded between the LPhC and the BP_syst. and BP_diast. (r =-0,49 and r =- 0,57 respectively). A low correlation (r<0.3) was found between the other indicators of study and the LPhC .

Discussion. In scientific research, a methodological scheme is common, particularly the division of participants into groups depending on the level of physical condition. The analysis of scientific sources and own researches give basis to suggest that there are quite a number of factors affecting the physical condition of students, and also, the physical condition significantly influences a number of indicators of students' vital activity. According to H. Hryban, the physical condition of students by the HR and level of BP at rest can be characterized as lower than average and low [4]. S. Chernihivska makes more explicit calculations: 5,56 % of girls are characterized by above the average level of physical condition, 38,88 % of girls have the average level and 55,56 % - the below average level. The boys are characterized by the average LPhC (4,35 %), below the average - 73,92 % and the low - 21,73 % [11]. So, lower than the average of LPhC is dominated both boys and girls - students of higher education institutions. It is forecasting much higher indicators for students of the Faculty of Physical Education. According to the results of our study, the above average and avarage LPhC is dominated for boys. Unexpected results were obtained in the group of girls, namely 88,9 % of female students had high LPhC and don't have below average and low of LPhC.

Scientific studies clearly indicates that physical activity has a positive and protective effect on the cardiovascular system. V. Drogomeretsky's researches [14] confirm the importance of the cardiovascular system as an indicator of students' load transfer. Changing the functional state of the organism in the process of physical culture and sports allows to achieve energy-efficient activity, which is a prerequisite for the optimal state in the new conditions of adaptation. The role of the autonomic nervous system is crucial in the regulation and adaptation of the body to regular physical loads. Thus, when assessing the index of vegetative regulation (IVR), we noted a large group of students with a vegetative balance, which is explained by the adaptation of the body to physical loads. However, every third student was recorded by a high-grade vagotonia. Such a pattern is fully consistent with the conventional notions of economizing the work of the human body at rest under the influence of regular physical loads.

Scientists [15] note that the determination of the adaptive potential of students-athletes and its dynamics should be taken into account in order to optimize physical activity and increase the efficiency of their education. The tension of the adaptive potential of the circulatory system was detected during the study in 58-74% of students (R. Potashniuk, I. Potashniuk, H. Ivanova and others, 2002). The correlation between levels of satisfactory adaptation and tension of adaptation mechanisms among boys and girls was determined by Z. Leontieva. Among girls there was a greater number of persons with satisfactory adaptation than among boys, which, in the author's opinion, is related to hormonal differences, also fewer people with bad habits and greater resistance to stress and adverse environmental factors. L. Arabadzhy notes that the number of students with the tensing of adaptation mechanisms increases significantly with age (from 17 to 23 years), linking this fact with the negative impact of urbanization, with significant educational overload and lack of physical activity of student youth. In totality, scientists are in solidarity in the statement about increasing the adaptive potential of boys and girls' body under the influence of prolonged physical loads [1]. The above data are consistent with the obtained results: 60 % of boys and 88,9 % of girls have a satisfactory level of adaptive potential among students. The majority of students with the tensing of adaptation mechanisms are found in groups with average, below average, and low LPhC among boys, and in groups with higher average and average LPhC for the girls.

Some researchers note that there is a relationship between students' motor activity and their emotional state. They indicate the average and high levels of WAM parameters under a high level of motor activity, based on the existing correlation between these parameters [8, 10]. The obtained results confirm this course only with respect to the scales of «well-being» and «mood». At the same time, the results on the scale of «activity» are overwhelmingly unsatisfactory as for girls as for boys of different groups of the LPhC. We assume that under the concept of «activity» students have understood directly physical activity, and since the study was conducted during practical classes of the classroom type, students also transferred their temporary physical passivity into the unsatisfactory «activity».

Studying the level of students' stress resistance of the Faculty of Physical Education, S. Kots and coauthors have found that 48 % of students have a poor prognosis, that is, poor mental stability, 45 % have less poor prognosis (satisfactory mental resistance) and 7 % have high neuropsychiatric resistance [6]. The results obtained by us in the study of students' stress resistance of the Faculty of Physical Education also had the same tendency. In particular, among boys, 62,2 % of persons with a low level of stress resistance, 36,7 % of students with an average level of stress resistance, and only one student (1,1 %) with a high stress resistance were found. Among girls, 57,8 % of persons with low level of stress resistance, 40,0 % with an average level and only one student (2,2 %) with high stress resistance were identified. Sustainable behavior of a person under stress is one of the important psychological factors in ensuring its successful overcoming. Currently, despite the sufficient number of research papers on this problem, there is no clarity in understanding the essence of stress, the role of the psyche in its provision and features of manifestation in different situations. Note that physical and mental loads are largely determined by the degree of mental tension that a student is experiencing. In this respect, the education at the Faculty of Physical Education is specific, because fully adaptation to the loads is imposible without a well defined mental tension, stress, high level of training and readiness for effective competitive activity. The identified pattern requires finding effective coping strategies of the stress overcoming by such students.

The results of the correlation analysis, which revealed a low link between the LPhC and the students' stress resistance. Objective and subjective circumstances, in particular, the characteristics of the extreme situation and the individual psychological characteristics are significant determinants. At the same time, we should also remember the physiological cost of success: active, ambitious, impatient, restless, success - oriented people are more stressed than people with low level of aspirations which do not claim high status in society. The strongest feedback was observed between the LPhC and the indicators such as HR and AP (r =-0.82). The average correlation recorded between the LPhC and the BP_syst, BP_diast (r =-0.49 and r =-0.57 respectively). That is explained by the fact that the LPhC is calculated by these indicators. A negligible correlation (r<0.3) was found between the other studied indicators and the LPhC.

The Conclusions. During the study, it was found:

1. The boys are characterized by the above average and average LPhC. The high LPhC (88,9 %) and the absence of lower average and low LPhC were recorded in the group of girls.

2. A significant group of students with vegetative balance was noted. Every third student has a marked vagotonia, which is completely consistent with the conventional ideas about economizing the work of the human body at rest under the influence of regular physical loads.

3. 60 % of boys and 88,9 % of girls have been found with a satisfactory level of adaptive potential. The majority of students with the tension of adaptation mechanisms was found in groups with avarage, below average, and low LPhC among boys, and in groups with higher average and average among girls. Such results should be regarded as a manifestation of a long-term adaptive response to physical loads.

4. Average and high levels of WAM parameters were established under the high level of motor activity. As an exception, the results on the «activity» scale are overwhelmingly unsatisfactory for girls as well as boys, of different LPhC groups. Normal assessments of the psycho-emotional state of students-athletes support an adequate level of adaptation processes formation.

5. 62,2 % of students with reduced level of stress resistance and 36.7 % with an average level of stress resistance were identified among boys. 57,8 % of persons with reduced level of stress resistance and 40,0 % of female students with an average level were found among girls. This situation indicates the presence of stressful situations in the lives of these students and their low resistance to them.

6. We consider that acquaintance and learning methods of increasing stress resistance will have a positive effect on reducing the number of students with low level of stress resistance among students of the Faculty of Physical Education. Also it will give the opportunity to reduce emotional tension, that leads to a decrease in functionality, diseases, distress.

7. The strongest adverse impact was observed between the LPhC and indicators such as HR and AP; the average correlation recorded between the LPhC and the BP_syst and BP_diast.

Obtained results give an evidence of students' physical condition, that consists of physical development, physical readiness and functional capabilities of the body. The scientifically substantiated educational process and the modernization of the methodological system of education at the Faculty of Physical Education will allow to manage the students' physical condition. Knowledge of the objective laws of the process of physical education will lead to the optimal direction of improvement of organism functions and to increase work capacity and physical readiness of students in accordance with certain physical loads.

adaptive physical emotional stress

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