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Differential-diagnostic potential of «Elimination of the reasons and the facts of growth of extremism of ethno-confessional orientation» technique

Babiyants K.A.

Annotation

In the article a diagnostic potential of «Elimination of the reasons and the facts of growth of extremism of ethno-confessional orientation» technique is considered, results of a pilot study of types of frustration responses which are connected to a situation of display of extremism in the youth environment, to a situation of threat of an act of terrorism and involving in an extremist group are adduced. Differential data (types of reactions concerning an age, gender and profession belonging) are analyzed.

Key words: preventive measures of extremism, frustration, ethno-confession, type of reaction, reflection.

Preventive measures of extremism in the south of Russia are a complex and multidimensional problem of ethno-confessional orientations. The most urgent orientation of preventive measures is forming psychological opposition to applications of methods of moral and psychological violence (threat, blackmail, display of power, categorical requirements, propagation of panic rumors) at learning youth and students.

«Elimination of the reasons and the facts of growth of extremism of ethno-confessional orientation» technique is an effective tool of preventive activity. Its main purpose is a development of skills of self-reflection in pupils and students such as: realization of his/her own place in the society, his/her own personal characteristics, his/her own behavioral reactions to those or other crisis situations which have become a part of our daily life today, realization by young people their own attitudes to various ethnic groups, representatives of other nationalities, confessional belonging, social strata. Preventive parts of a technique are teaching to additional knowledge of displays of terrorism and extremism, requesters and assassins of acts of terrorism, the way of a competent behavior in order not to be injured and not the other to be injured; and forming needs to be interested in political world structure and to study world political mechanism of development.

«Elimination of the reasons and the facts of growth of extremism of ethno-confessional orientation» technique for individual subjects consists of two components: a projective behaviors' frustration test and a reflective game bearing an interactive character. The test is a modification of S. Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. We have developed a typology of frustration responses which is assumed as a basis for estimations of emotional behavior of a person in a situation of terrorist threat, and in a situation of display of extremism in the youth environment. The stimulating situation of the test picture-frustration includes a schematic outline picture which supposes three quite certain situations.

1. Involving in a group by means of threat, blackmail, display of power, categorical requirements. In incentive cards there are three situations: «who is not together with us that person is against us», «If you are not together with us your relatives will suffer», «If you are not together with us, you will have sorrowing».

2. Extremist display in the youth environment. It is supposed that for everyone tested it will be his/her own most significant situation: display of extremism with regard to a representative of another nationality, a representative of another social group, representatives of other status, confessional belonging. In incentive cards there are three situations: «Football», «A school desk-mate», «Bullying».

3. A situation of threat of an act of terrorism. There are three incentive cards: «hostages», «A threat of an explosion», and «An attitude to an act of terrorism».

In all there are 9 incentive situations in which persons in a frustration situation are represented. All situations offered in the test can be related to a situation of «an obstacle» as in each situation any character or a group of people discourages, confuses with a threat or a word. The order of testing results' processing is similar to the analysis of answers in S. Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study [1]. Tendencies of responses are analyzed: an extra punitive response means that reaction is directed to an alive or lifeless environment in a form of emphasizing a degree of the frustration situation, in a form of condemnation of an external reason of frustration, or in a form of imposing as a duty on another person to settle the given situation; an intropunitive response means that reaction is directed by the subject to him/herself; the examinee accepts the frustration situation as favorable for him/herself, takes the blame upon him/herself or accepts a responsibility for improvement of the given situation on him/herself, an impunitive response means that the frustration situation is considered by the subject as insignificant, as absence of anybody's guilt, or something that can be improved by itself and it is only necessary to wait and think [1]. frustration reaction youth extremism terrorist attack

Initial results according to the given technique have been received during the youth antiterrorist festival hold in Rostov-on-Don, 2010.

The typical response of students to the situation of involving in an extremist group was a defense reaction directed to an alive or lifeless environment in a form of carrying his/her point with elements of condemnation of the external reason of frustration, and also a reaction of acceptance of a responsibility for the given situation.

In the situation of threat of an act of terrorism an intensification of reactions of satisfying the requirements for both groups are revealed: it is required, expected, supposed that someone must investigate the situation; the subject him/herself begins to solve the given situation; a hope is expressed that time and a normal course of events will solve the situation; and also a new type of reaction which has been only distinguished among women - it is a constructive position which consists in a consent to requirements and acceptance of the difficult situation such as «a capture», «hostages». There is also a difference in male and female response: fixation on experience of the information on an obstacle is peculiar to women.

The situation of extremism display in the youth environment shows identical types of reactions of both men and women: self-defense together with accusing a source of frustration and accepting a responsibility on him/herself. In the situation of involving in an extremist group a position of defense with elements of accusing an external source of frustration and a position of accepting a responsibility on him/ herself are characteristic for both men and women. In the situation of a possibility of terrorist threat a block of fixation of satisfaction of need is intensified at men, namely it is required and expected that someone must solve the situation, they take a decision and accept a responsibility on themselves; at women a position of experience of the information about the obstacle is intensified. In the situation of an extremist display a block of fixation of satisfaction of need is intensified at men - there is an expectation that the situation must be solved by competent authorities, they accept a responsibility on themselves; they express a hope that a normal course of events will solve the problem, and a new type of reaction is an acceptance and a consent to requirements set by terrorists. At women a position of self-defense is intensified.

So, the results of pilot study of respondents of different gender (men and women) and a status belonging (students and teachers of institutes of higher education, and also teachers of high school) indicate the differential-diagnostic potential of the technique. Emotional respond in a frustration situation will be essentially different for different representatives of ethno-confessional orientation.

Prospects of using the technique are to be considered

1. Study of types of reactions of different representatives of ethno-confessional groups, post-conflict regions, and regions where military operations are carried out, extremist actions are often committed in a frustration situation.

2. Research of personal features of examinees with different type of frustration responds in a situation of an act of terrorism or a display of extremism.

3. Improvement of interpersonal attitudes in various institutions (school, high school, institute of higher education, system of further education, military units, etc.) with the purpose of preventive measures of extremist sentiments, a reflection of proper behavior in frustration situations of involving, extremist behavior and an act of terrorism.

4. Revelation and development of cultural and mythological stereotypes and attitudes, which are typical for various ethnic and confessional subjects, related to the different public and youth organizations, authorities, students.

5. Education of understanding of behavior of other people in a frustration situation, development of skills of designing social situations and managing social processes on the basis of reflected forms of behavior in a frustration situation of involving in an extremist group and an act of terrorism.

References

1. Tarabrina N.V. The experimental-psychological technique of studying frustration reactions. Methodical recommendations. - Leningrad: Leningrad research psychoneurologic institute by V.M. Bekhterev, 1984.

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