Comparative characteristics of speed and strength abilities development in long jumpers among youth student athletes

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Department of of Theory and Methods of Sports Training Prydniprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Comparative characteristics of speed and strength abilities development in long jumpers among youth student athletes

Koshcheyev A.S., associate professor

Mustyatsya S.E., lecturer

Dnipro

At the current stage of the country's development, in the conditions of a qualitative transformation of all aspects of the life of society and sports as whole, students, as individuals of the young and progressive population, with their desire to realize their own ideas, desire for sports achievements, become a model for general imitation in sports activities.

The number of higher education graduates who are involved in athletics is increasing every year, showing quite high sports results at the Championships and Cups of the region and Ukraine, which creates competition among student youth. In accordance with this, new directions of research are being created, with the help of which relevance and prospects for further improvement of sports achievements of students in the chosen sport and specialization will be determined.

Student youth are either one step away from the sport of higher achievements, or conquer the peaks of this stage and become a young progressive movement and the sports hope of the state. Among the disciplines of athletics, where the number of athletes exceeds that of other disciplines, there is a technical type of the «queen of sports» - long jump [2].

The training of a highly qualified long jumper is an extremely complex and multifactorial process that includes technical, psychological, competitive and integral training [3, 5]. speed strength athlete jump

A number of works by domestic and foreign authors are devoted to the problem of improving the training process of jumpers, in which the essence of the leading physical qualities of an athlete is revealed and a special place among them is given to speed and strength indicators [1, 4-6]. The development of the main components of the speed and strength qualities of long jumpers is carried out with the help of means and methods of sports training, in accordance with the specifics of sports activity, which does not contradict the Training Program for athletics for specialized children's and youth sports schools of the Olympic reserve, schools of higher sports skills, respectively to the athlete's training stage.

It is known from practice that the exclusion from training of strength exercises in the process of speed-strength training of athletes leads to a rapid decrease in the level of the strength component, as well as their excessive use, promotes the development of strength qualities, prevents the improvement of the speed component, as a result, leads to a decrease in the level speed and power indicators. Therefore, in the course of the educational and training process, it is necessary to adhere to the planning and variability of the development of certain qualities of the athlete using constant pedagogical control, which will provide an opportunity to stabilize and adjust the necessary physical qualities of the athlete and achieve a high sports result [1, 3].

The purpose of the research is to scientifically determine and substantiate the ratio of the means of development of speed and strength training among student youth track and field athletes who specialize in long jumps.

Research results and their discussion. Analyzing the speed-power training of long jumpers, it can be noted that its main task is to improve the speed and force of repulsion. The set task is solved using three directions: speed, speed-power and power. The speed direction includes: methods aimed at the development of speed reactions (simple and complex); a method of responding to a sudden visual or auditory signal; the method of performing the exercise in parts and in easier conditions. The speed-strength direction sets as its goal the development of speed of movement simultaneously with the development of the strength of a certain group of muscles. The method of force direction is considered decisive, because the main task is reduced to the development of the strength of the muscles that take part during the push-off.

Two programs were specifically designed for our study, the first aimed at improving speed abilities and the second at improving power abilities. These programs were developed for the pre-competition mesocycle and were used during the month before the control competitions.

20 athletes who specialize in long jumps and study in institutions of higher education under the I and II level program took part in the study. Student-athletes were divided into two groups of 10 people.

Control tests were carried out before and after the start of the study. Testing of athletes' physical development consisted of running 20m, 30m, 40m, 60m, 100m; exercises with a barbell: chest thrust, thrust, squat, semi-squat, squat with a 40kg barbell 5 times per time; standing long jump, standing triple jump, quintuple standing jump, 10-step long jump, timed 60m fast steps, 60m fast steps in fewer steps and the sprint long jump control test. Based on the primary data obtained for the study, it can be noted that the groups are quite homogeneous.

After the implementation of the educational and training program, the effectiveness of building a training process for improving speed and strength abilities was determined. According to the results obtained from the final control testing data, it can be stated that athletes have more power abilities than speed abilities, but they are not very closely related (53:47 %) (Fig. 1).

Fig. 2. Priority of physical abilities of long jumpers

Conclusions

When creating the programs, we relied on the athletics program for the Sport School of Athletics. The physical fitness of student-athletes was taken into account; distribution of exercises by parts of the class; the specifics of the sport and the conditions for conducting training sessions.

The construction of the program is classified as follows:

General preparatory exercises;

Exercises of a special preparatory nature;

Competitive exercises.

The results of anthropometric studies in groups 1 and 2 determined that the variances are equal (at P > 0.05), this indicates the identity of the groups and makes it possible to compare the results of the study.

The results of testing the level of physical fitness after the implementation of the experimental program showed a significant increase (at Р < 0.05) in all indicators, both in the first and in the second groups. According to the results of the long jump, it can be said that the data of the first group (1.13 %) are not much smaller than the data of the second group (1.3 %), but it can be seen that in our study, strength abilities prevail among athletes.

After the implementation of our program, the effectiveness of building a training process for the development of speed and strength abilities was determined. According to the results obtained after the experiment, we can say that the formula of our testing looks like 53:47 %. Strength abilities outweigh speed abilities by 6 %.

References

1. Voronin D. M. Optimizing physical and technical training in speed-power athletics: monograph. Lviv: LDUFK, 2016. 220 p.

2. Kozlova O. K. Training of highly qualified track and field athletes during the year. Physical education and sports in the context of the state program for the development of physical culture in Ukraine: experience, problems, prospects. 2014. Pp. 45-51.

3. Shchybrya B. I., Gunko P. M. Comparison of the content of physical training in long jumpers of different skill levels. Actual problems of natural sciences and humanities in the research of young scientists «Rainbow-2018»: XX All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference of Young Scientists, 2018. Pp. 538-540.

4. Susila L. Examining Physical Fitness with Long Jump Ability. INSPIRE: Indonesian Sport InnovalionReview, 2021. Vol. 3 (1), pp. 12-25.

5. Yulmiando R. Contribution of Limb Muscle Explosive Power and Balance to the Long Jump Ability of SMP Negeri 1 Tembilahan Students. Indragiri Sports Journal, 2020. Vol. 7 (2), pp. 156-170.

6. Vazini Taher A., Pavlovic R., Ahanjan S., Skrypchenko I., Joksimovic M. Effects of vertical and horizontal plyometric exercises on explosive capacity and kinetic variables in professional long jump athletes. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 2021. Vol. 25 (2), pp. 108-113.

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