Position Of Leaders’ Experience In Creation Of Modern Sportsmen Training System
Development of a concept for reforming sports and a training program for Olympic athletes in Ukraine. The role of a coach in realizing individual capabilities, improving skills and achieving maximum results at different stages of training athletes.
| Рубрика | Спорт и туризм |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 11.11.2020 |
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1Prydniprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports
2University of Customs and Finance
Position Of Leaders' Experience In Creation Of Modern Sportsmen Training System
Prykhodko Volodymyr, Dolbysheva Nina, Koscheyev Alexander, Salenko Galina, Baldzhy Ilona, Kidon Victoria
Abstract
Relevance. The article is focused on the issue of generation of a new, modern highest achievements sports system in Ukraine. It proves that the personal experience of the leading specialists involved as experts is an essential condition for the development of an effective training system for Olympians. The experts represented by the group of Honored Coaches of Ukraine have for the first time quantitatively defined the role of core subjects of the sports training process in competitive outcome achieving at its various stages.
The aim of the study. To develop an up-to- date modern system of sports of the highest achievements based on the analysis of the stages of long-term training of athletes.
Material and methods of research. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, analogy, questioning (using author's questionnaires), methods of mathematical statistics.
Conclusions and prospects for further research. Thus, at the stage of specialized basic training, the trainer role in high competitive result is estimated as 75.6%, whereas the one of an athlete is 24,4%. At the preparation stage aimed at highest achievements the trainer's role is 63,9%, an athlete's-36,1%. At the stage of maximum individual opportunities realization the role of the trainer is 53,3%, and the athlete's contribution has grown to 46,7%. At the stage of maintaining the highest sporting skill, the role of the trainer is 47,8% and the athlete is 52,2% (that is, 4,4% more than his qualified mentor).
The prospect of further research is related to the direct development of the concept and program of reforming the sport of higher achievements in Ukraine.
Keywords: experience of specialists, elaboration of development strategy for highest sports achievements, training system of athletes design
Анотація
Сучасний досвід у створенні сучасної спортивної системи підготовки спортсменів
Приходько Володимир, Долбишева Ніна, Кощеєв Олександр, Саленко Галина, Балджи Ілона, Кидонь Вікторія
Актуальність. Стаття присвячена проблемі створення нової, сучасної спортивної системи спорту вищих досягнень в Україні.
Це доводить, що особистий досвід провідних спеціалістів, залучених як експертів, є істотною умовою розвитку ефективної системи підготовки олімпійців.
Експерти, представлені групою заслужених тренерів України, вперше кількісно визначили роль основних предметів спортивного тренувального процесу у досягненні змагальних результатів на різних його етапах.
Мета дослідження. Розробити сучасну систему спорту найвищих досягнень на основі аналізу етапів багаторічної підготовки спортсменів. Матеріал та методи дослідження.
Аналіз наукової та методичної літератури, синтез, абстрагування, узагальнення, аналогія, анкетування (з використанням опиту- вальників автора), методи матема-тичної статистики.
Висновки та перспективи подальших досліджень. Таким чином, на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки роль тренера у високому змагальному результаті оцінюється як 75,6%, а спортсмена - 24,4%.
На підготовчому етапі, спрямованому на найвищі досягнення, роль тренера становить 63,9%, спортсмена - 36,1%.
На етапі реалізації максимальних індивідуальних можливостей роль тренера становить 53,3%, а внесок спортсмена зріс до 46,7%.
На етапі збереження найвищої спортивної майстерності роль тренера становить 47,8%, а спортсмена - 52,2% (тобто на 4,4% більше, ніж його кваліфікованого наставника).
Перспектива подальших досліджень пов'язана з безпосереднім розвитком концепції та програми реформування спорту вищих досягнень в Україні.
Ключові слова досвід фахівців, розробка стратегії розвитку найвищих спортивних досягнень, система тренувань спортсменів
Аннотация
Современный опыт в создании современной спортивной система подготовки спортсменов Приходько Владимир, Долбышева Нина, Кощеев Александр, Саленко Галина, Балджы Илона, Кидонь Виктория
Актуальность. Статья посвящена вопросу создания новой, современной спортивной системы спорта высших достижений в Украине. Это доказывает, что личный опыт ведущих специалистов, привлеченных в качестве экспертов, является необходимым условием для разработки эффективной системы подготовки олимпийцев. Эксперты, представленные группой заслуженных тренеров Украины, впервые определили роль основных субъектов процесса спортивной тренировки в достижении соревновательного результата на разных этапах многолетней подготовки.
Цель исследования. Разработать современную систему спорта высших достижений, основанную на анализе этапов многолетней подготовки спортсменов.
Материал и методы исследования. Анализ научнометодической литературы, обобщение, абстракция, обобщение, аналогия, анкетирование (с использованием авторских анкет), методы математической статистики.
Выводы и перспективы дальнейших исследований. Так, на этапе специализированной базовой подготовки роль тренера в высоком соревновательном результате оценивается в 75,6%, а спортсмена - в 24,4%. На стадии подготовки, направленной на наивысшие достижения, роль тренера составляет 63,9%, а спортсмена - 36,1%.
На этапе реализации максимально индивидуальных возможностей роль тренера составляет 53,3%, а вклад спортсмена вырос до 46,7%.
На этапе поддержания высочайшего спортивного мастерства роль тренера составляет 47,8%, а спортсмена - 52,2% (то есть на 4,4% больше, чем его квалифицированного наставника).
Перспектива дальнейших исследований связана с непосредственной разработкой концепции и программы реформирования спорта высших достижений в Украине.
Ключевые слова: опыт специалистов, разработка стратегии развития высших спортивных достижений, система подготовки спортсменов
Formulation of the problem
At the XXII Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, the Ukrainian team of 205 participants won 2 gold medals, while Hungary - 8, Croatia - 5, Uzbekistan - 4 respectively. Ukraine has also achieved similar result (1 gold) at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Phoenchang (for comparison, the Netherlands, a country with a population of 17 million inabitants which like Ukraine brought 33 athletes to the Olympic Games, won 8 gold medals). This acknowledges the fact that Ukraine still lacks a modern and effective training system for olymps.
Analysis of recent research and publications. The authors of recent publications have emphasized the need to improve the various aspects of Olympic training in Ukraine (K. Sakhnovsky, S. Fomin, O. Shinkaruk, M. Dutchak, J. Pavlenko, 2013, Yu. M. Scherbty, 2005). Peculiarities of nature for national training system of leading athletes were examined (I. B. Kazikov, 2004; VN Platonov, 2015).
The systems of athletes training in different countries of the world were explored (V. N. Platonov, J. A. Pavlenko, V. V. Tomashevsky, 2012; V. N. Platonov, 2015; T. K. Esentayev., 2016; O. Shinkaruk O., 2012). Ways of athletes training system optimization, including preserving their health in modern conditions were considered (VA Kashuba, L. M. Yarmolinsky, T. A. Habinets, 2012, L. A. Nebytova, 2007; V. V. Prikhodko, O. V. Shevyakov, 2017; H. Sozanski, 2003).
However, the role of leading experts experience in determining the guidelines for the further development of Olympic sport is not investigated. Although it is obvious that the newly selected strategy should consolidate, taking into account the socio-economic conditions of Ukraine, experience of countries with similar potential like small European countries as Hungary and Croatia along with the current important domestic experience, possessed by the leading experts in the field of sports.
But in itself, the significance, ways of attracting and transferring the accumulated experience in this area remain undefined. Consequently, the understanding of need for its application is controversial.
The aim of the study. To develop an up-to-date modern system of sports of the highest achievements based on the analysis of the stages of long-term training of athletes.
Material and methods of research. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, analogy, questioning (using author's questionnaires), methods of mathematical statistics. 18 deserved trainers of Ukraine from various sports (boxing, wrestling, sports games and swimming), who work in the Pridneprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports and the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, were involved in the survey in authors' questionnaires.
Research results
Considering the experience phenomenon essence, this concept is revealed in the works of well-known philosophers and scientific methodologists. So, we base on the fact that the experience acquired by a person in her professional activity is an experience of human finality (that is, the limits of his capabilities).
Experienced in the proper sense of the word is the one who remembers this limit, one who knows that time and future do not depend on him. An experienced person knows the limit of all predictions and unreliability of our plans (Gadamer H.-G., 1988).
Meanwhile, there is a practical problem of not only an in-depth study, but also the experience transfer in newly designed systems. In the context of our study, it should be taken into account that the project design and implementation for desired training system of higher skill level athletes from regional to state scale requires a high level of competence for designers as well as those who create it.
The pedagogical competence of physical culture and sports specialists is a component of professional competence, which manifests itself in the readiness and ability to perform pedagogical activities in the conditions of a single -sports -and- educational process, which requires availability of certain professional and personal qualities, knowledge, skills and competences in pedagogical and sports areas. The core of the specialist pedagogical competence required for development and implementation of the strategy for reforming sport area is revealed through the following tasks facing them:
- constant replenishment of their psychological and pedagogical knowledge and their adaptation to the physical culture and sports sphere, knowledge of sports and educational process composition as an object of design, awareness and ability to apply in the sports and educational process modern psychological and pedagogical technologies; research, systematic description and explanation of issues arising in the field of sports from the scientific standpoint (epistemological function);
- planning and creation of sports and educational process in accordance with modern requirements, selection and composition of educational material, planning of actions including those of students of all ages and athletic skill level, designing of sports and educational process in the conditions of educational, physical and sports field (modernization constructive function) ;
- inclusion of students in various types of sports activity process, creation, if necessary, teams and organization of its joint activity, establishment of pedagogically feasible relations with students, colleagues, the public (fans, sports klubs, organizational and communicative function) ;
- application of modern scientific approaches, critical thinking, skills of heuristic search and methods of scientific and pedagogical research in the pedagogical activity including analysis of own experience and experience of their colleagues (research function);
- comprehension of the activity fundamentals during which an assessment and re-evaluation of abilities, mistakes and opportunities of students and oneself, the development of ongoing reflection, development of the "I-concept" in subjects of the sports process are carried out (reflexive function), (S. S. Sinyayev, 2017).
The article (V. Tzouvara, C. Papadopoulos, G. Randhawa, 2017) contains an example of identification and synthesis of individual experiences in the interests of improving medical practice, from the contents of which it is evident that the authors were satisfied in this case with a survey of only 10 persons taken by us into account as the approximate and desirable (for reliable interviewing by qualified specialists) the conditional limit.
During the first investigation aimed at identifying and fixing of obvious experience of leading sports experts, the survey was conducted using a questionnaire that included closed questions. Answers to the closed questions of the questionnaire No. 1, obtained by interviewing experts, are summarized in Table. 1.
Table 1
Responses of the Honored Coaches of Ukraine for some closed questions of the questionnaire №1 (n =18)
|
№ |
Questionnaire question |
Agree |
Difficult to respond |
Disagree |
|
|
1. |
Do you agree with the statement that the sport reform in Ukraine is needed to create a truly effective sports training system? |
18 (100%) |
- |
- |
|
|
2. |
Do you agree with the statement that during the transition from initial training to maximum realization of individual opportunities stage the personal responsibility as well as ability of the athlete to influence the competitive result increases? |
18 (100%) |
|||
|
3. |
Do you agree with the statement that sports activity, which manifests itself in personal responsibility, the ability to improvise, making the right decisions during the competition to a large extent determines the final sporting result? |
18 (100%) |
|||
|
4. |
Do you agree that one of main results of an effective system of sports training should be the formation of an athlete's responsible and independent personality that can be described as the one with formed sporting activity? |
10 (55,6%) |
6 (33,3%) |
2 (11,1%) |
As can be seen from the contents of Table 1, the first three questions were answered 100% "Agree".
In this way, all 18 Honored Coaches of Ukraine, selected as experts, have expressed their consent that the sport reform in Ukraine should create an effective system of athletes training.
In addition, they unanimously agreed that the set sports activity, which manifests itself in the individual responsibility of the athlete, his ability to improvise and make quick and correct decisions during the competition, undeniably affects and largely determines the final sporting result in the competition.
As for the last question, the answers to it were distributed, as can be seen, as follows: Agrees - 55.6%, Difficult to respond - 33.3% and Disagree - 11.1%. We will interpret the answers received in this way.
For trainers who are accustomed to the fact that the result of the system of training athletes is an exclusively competitive result, which is judged by their professional activity, the very formulation of this question was unusual. Although only 55.6% agreed, previous answers to questions 1-3 indicate that most of them understand the important role of the athlete in achieving the highest possible sporting result.
In the next survey, a survey was conducted of 9 Honored Coaches of Ukraine, working in the Pridneprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports. Part of the answers to the closed questions of questionnaire No. 2, obtained through a survey of experts, is summarized in Table. 2
Table 2
Responses of the Honored Coaches of Ukraine for some closed questions of the questionnaire
|
№ |
Questionnaire question |
Agree |
Difficult to respond |
Disagree |
|
|
1. |
Do you agree that besides the trainer, the athlete himself is responsible for the competitive result? |
9 (100%) |
- |
- |
|
|
2. |
Do you agree that it is incorrect to consider an athlete a mere object of management by the coach in the course of preparation for higher achievements? |
9 (100%) |
|||
|
3. |
Do you agree that from initial training stage and to stages of individual possibilities maximum realization and preservation of the highest sporting skills, the athlete's role in achieving a high competitive result is constantly increasing? |
9 (100%) |
|||
|
4. |
Do you agree that in many ways, for example, in sports games and martial arts, the important qualities of an athlete who has learned to make quick decisions in the light of the situation are decisive? |
7 (77,8%) |
1 (11,1%) |
1 (11,1%) |
|
|
5. |
Do you agree that the professional position and actions of the coach largely determine the peculiarities of becoming an athlete as a subject of sports activities? |
8 (88,9%) |
1 (11,1%) |
||
|
6. |
Do you agree that, having seen the desire to express an opinion on the preparation issues, perhaps already at the stage of specialized basic training and further of, the trainer must support the athlete, thereby contributing in every way to the formation of him as the responsible subject of sports activities? |
7 (77,8%) |
1 (11,1%) |
1 (11,1%) |
|
|
7. |
Do you agree that one of the main consequences of the multiyear sports training system functioning should be the formation of a responsible and independent person, who can by charactrerized as the one having formed a phenomenon of sports activities? |
7 (77,8%) |
1 (11,1%) |
1 (11,1%) |
|
|
8. |
Do you agree that coaches should be prepared to be able to contribute to the formation of an athlete as a sports subject and to successfully interact with him? |
9 (100%) |
As it can be seen, for the first three questions, and also for the eighth question, 100% of the answers were "Agree".
In this way, the Honored Coaches of Ukraine expressed their agreement that the training system should create conditions for the development of a sports activity subject. sport athlet training ukraine
Moreover, trainers should not only understand, but also be trained to facilitate the formation of an athlete as a sports subject and to successfully interact with him.
It is meant not to manage it by force, but to understand and take into account that as the athlete's skill grows, he must play an increasingly important role in successful competitions, in achieving a high sporting result.
Even those questions of the questionnaire, namely Nos. 4-7, which did not cause unanimity in the responses, confirmed the legality of their statement to the experts and the obvious importance for further improvement of the athletes training system.
After all, the support received by the consent of experts in the range from 77.8% to 88.9% unambiguously indicates the importance of these issues enquired upon by the authors.
The question of open questionnaire No. 2 was extremely important: "Given the role of the trainer and the athlete, as subjects of sports activities, evaluate the contribution of the coach and athlete to the received result at different stages of preparation".
The burning nature of this issue was determined by the fact that until recently, first, there was an idea of the static nature of the subject-object relationship between the trainer and the athlete.
Secondly, the change of positions in the relationship between the trainer and the athlete as the transition of the athlete to each subsequent stage of training, which gradually passes from the subject-object to the subject-subjective, is not studied.
Given the weight of the question, we put the content of the answers in a separate table (the calculation of respondents' responses and comparison of different subjects is presented in Table 3.).
Table 3
Assessment by the Honored Coaches of Ukraine of the contribution of the trainer and an athlete in a competitive outcome at various stages of preparation (n = 9)
|
Preparation stage |
Subject |
% |
Subject |
% |
|
|
Specialized basic |
coach |
75,6 |
athlete |
24,4 |
|
|
Preparation for higher achievements |
coach |
63,9 |
athlete |
36,1 |
|
|
Maximum realization of individual opportunities |
coach |
53,3 |
athlete |
46,7 |
|
|
Preservation of the highest sporting skills |
coach |
47,8 |
athlete |
52,2 |
Discussion
In the description of the experimental part, data summarized in Table. 1-3, have a significant scientific novelty.
For the first time with a high degree of objectivity established role (in%) of each of the main subjects of sports training process in achieving a competitive outcome at different stages of preparation.
It is shown that at the stage of specialized basic training the role of the trainer was estimated by experts from the number of honored trainers in Ukraine with an average arithmetic value of 75.6%, and the role of an athlete - at 24.4%.
At the stage of preparation for the highest achievements, the role of the trainer is estimated at 63.9%, and the role of the athlete has increased significantly and estimated as - 36.1%.
At the stage of maximum realization of individual opportunities, the role of the coach is estimated at 53.3%, and the role of the athlete has increased even to 46.7%. Finally, at the stage of maintaining a higher athletic skill, it is estimated as follows: the role of the trainer - 47.8%, and the role of the athlete is even greater than the trainer's by 4.4%.
The reform of the sphere of sport of higher achievements is impossible without the development of a concept, strategy and a reform calendar plan. Meanwhile, in the process of preparation and implementation of the reform, first of all, it is necessary to study and use not only the professional experience of leading trainers, but also other players in the process of sports training (managers, sports psychologists, etc.).
Secondly, the authors and implementers of the prepared reform need to have modern and comprehensive vocational training.
Thirdly, it is important for scientists and experts in the field of sports to understand the complexities associated with its embodiment (opposing always accompanies reforms, since the person has the temptation to seek and maintain stability).
Therefore, the development and implementation of a new system of training athletes of a higher level of skill, from the level of the region to the general level of the state, requires the participants, besides certainty about the fidelity of the defined approach (this ensures the study of existing important experience and understanding of the forms and methods of its use) and solid, yet and the high and diverse competency of designers and directly trainers.
The pedagogical competence of specialists in the sphere of physical culture and sports, which is the basis for this category of specialists, is an important component of their professional competence.
It manifests itself in readiness and ability to exercise pedagogical activity in the conditions of the developing sports-educational process, which requires certain professional and personal qualities.
Obtained data gives a true explanation of the fact that self-determination in the coaching activity of athletes of a higher level of skill has good prospects for their further career (obviously, in addition to this, personal qualities inherent in the teacher, as well as professional education are needed).
As the study showed, due to the already acquired subjectivity, the transition of highly skilled athletes to coaching activities has a good perspective, because they also formed the reality of their sport.
Conclusions and prospects for further research
For the first time in the context of creating a modern system of sports higher achievements the ideas of leading specialists analyzed and summarized, namely, those of Honored Coaches of Ukraine, on the role of trainer and athlete in achieving a competitive result, which should be taken into account in the arrangement and functioning of an effective system of training athletes-olymians, It really needs its reformation.
The conducted research proved that it is wrong to consider an athlete a mere object of influence in the process of sports training (as happened in the late XX - early XXI centuries).
As the athlete moves to the next stage, his responsibility and contribution, as an active subject, in gaining the competitive result is constantly increasing. This should be taken into account, firstly, in the training of sports coaches.
And, secondly, it is used in the course of further reformation of the athletes training system in Ukraine.
Answers of the experts involved to the closed questions generalized results of which are presented in Tables 1-3 are very important research outcomes. As a study achievement the first quantitative assessment of phenomenon reflecting the existing trend to increase the role of an athlete as an operating entity with the growth of his skill, in achieving the obtained competitive result should be considered.
If at the stage of specialized basic training the contribution of the trainer and the athlete in the achieved competitive score is estimated at 75,6% and 24,4%, then at the stage of maintaining the highest level of athletic skill is already 47,8% and 52,2% respectively.
The prospect of further research is related to the direct development of the concept and program of reforming the sport of higher achievements in Ukraine.
The work is performed in accordance with the research plan of the Pridniprovska State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for 2016-2020 on the topic "Historical and methodological foundations of managerial approaches to the system of training sportsmen".
Appreciation. I am grateful to the scientific and pedagogical staff of the Pridneprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports and Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, who have the title "Honored Coach of Ukraine" (boxing, wrestling, sports games and swimming).
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