The level of lungs capacity of highly skilled female volleyball players

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THE LEVEL OF LUNGS CAPACITY OF HIGHLY SKILLED FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Anna Galytska¹

Postgraduate student. Lesya Ukrainka

Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine

Abstract

Actuality of Research. Scientific works proved that the greater the volume of the lungs, the better the physical abilities of athletes. So researching of the functional state of organism, namely the level of lung capacity of volleyball players is very important. The aim of the Researching.Determining of the level of lung capacity, forced air volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow rate in volleyball qualifications.Results. The average rate of lung capacity of volleyball players is - 3,98 l, Forced air volume in 1 second - 3,32 liters, peak expiratory flow rate 5,77 - l/sec. Conclusions. The results of researching indicate that the level of vital capacity in girls is rather higher. So volleyball players (girls) have a high level of fitness of the body, providing adaptation to hight loads and hight endurance.

Key words: lung vital capacity, forced air volume, peak speed of exhalation, volleyball.

АннаГалицька. Рівень життєвої ємкості легень у волейболісток високої квалифікації. Актуальність дослідження. Науковими працями встановлено, що чим більший об'єм легень, тим кращі фізичні можливості спортсменів. Тому дослідження функціонального стану організму, а зокрема рівня життєвої ємності легень, у волейболісток має велике значення. Мета дослідження. Визначали рівень життєвої ємності легень, об'єм форсованого повітря за 1 секунду й показник пікової швидкості видиху у волейболісток високої кваліфікації. Результати роботи. Середній показник життєвої ємності легень у волейболісток становить - 3,98 л, об'єм форсованого повітря за 1 секунду - 3,32 л, пікова швидкість видиху - 5,77 л/с. Висновки. Результати роботи засвідчують те, що рівень життєвої ємності в дівчат вищий від середнього. Отже, у волейболісток високий рівень тренованості організму, що забезпечує адаптацію до високих навантажень і високий рівень витривалості.

Ключові слова: життєва ємкість легень, об'єм форсованого повітря, пікова швидкість видиху, волейболістки.

Анна Галицкая. Уровень жизненной емкости легких у волейболисток высокой квалификации. Актуальность исследования. Научными трудами установлено, что чем больше объем легких, тем лучше физические способности спортсменов. Поэтому исследование функционального состояния организма, в особенности жизненной емкости легких, у волейболисток имеет большое значение. Цель исследования - определить уровень жизненной емкости легких, объем форсированного воздуха за 1 секунду и показатель пиковой скорости выдоха у волейболисток высокой квалификации. Результат роботы. Средний показатель жизненной емкости легких у волейболисток составляет 3,98 л, объем форсированного воздуха за 1 секунду - 3,32 л, пиковая скорость выдоха - 5,77 л/с. Выводы. Результаты работы показывают, что уровень жизненной емкости легких у девушек выше среднего. А это значит, что у волейболисток высокий уровень тренированности организма, что обеспечивает адаптацию к большим нагрузкам и высокий уровень выносливости.

Ключевые слова: жизненная емкость легких, объем форсированного воздуха, пиковая скорость выдоха, волейболистки.

adaptation athlete vital capacity lungs

Introduction

The level of vital lungs capacity is the maximum amount of exhalation after inhalation. It is an important indicator for examination while respiratory and lung diseases. Verification of this indicator is compulsory in modern pulmanory diagnosis. At the same time, the indicator is significant for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, differential diagnosis, treatment evaluation and selection of surgical indicators [1; 2; 6; 15], as well as in the course of physical activity [3; 10; 11; 14; 17; 18]. Thus, due to the rapid development of clinical physiology of respiratory system the use of special equipment for lungs capacity testing is also gaining popularity.

Spirometer is a portable device for testing the functional state of the lungs that is characterized by the compact size, low energy use and usability. The device is suitable for testing patients in hospitals as well as outpatients. Patient should take a deep breath and grip the mouthpiece with his lips, he should take a uniform, maximally deep breath, trying not to slouch and then exhale the air as quickly as possible and with maximum effort. Three attempts are made and the highest result is recorded with the accuracy within the limits of 100 cubic centimeters.

The following credible indicators will be shown on the screen: Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF).

British surgeon John Hutchinson, who was interested in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, published the article about lungs capacity in 1846. He investigated the lungs capacity of 2000 people and came to the conclusion that the volume of air that can be forced to exhale with fully inflated lungs is a useful indicator of the early death risk (discovery that is confirmed in numerous modern studies). He also discovered that the adult lungs capacity decreases with age.

To carry out his measurements Hutchinson invented the spirometer that was a graded bell submerged into water with the aperture for inhalation. He studied a wide variety of people from fighters and dwarfs to the dead. Hutchinson tested dead people using fur to blow as much air into the lungs as possible and then measured the volume of air that was produced during the elastic thrust of the lungs and chest.

Nowadays doctors use modern versions of Hutchinson spirometer to evaluate lungs functioning and to check the volume and velocity of air exhalation after the maximally exhaling and inhaling of examined person. Graphical representation of the exhaled air over a certain period of time (e.g. forced exhalation for 6 seconds) is useful while evaluation of such conditions as lungs cancer, heart attack, COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in which the airways become narrowed, for example as a result of chronic bronchitis and emphysema), asthma, cystic fibrosis ( accompanies the lungs disease which is a blockage of airways with mucus) and pulmonary fibrosis (the formation of excessive fibrous connective tissue in the lungs). Hutchinson was not a pioneer in studying the human lungs capacity but thousands of his clinic studies that were carried out using a new device, allow us to consider him to be a pioneer in spirometry [13].

Lungs volume of the average person constitutes about 3-6 litres (air). Sportsmen, for whom the filling of lungs with air is essential, can develop their lungs volume to 8 liters in the course of workout. During the deep inhalation the lungs volume loads the maximum amount of air, but during the normal breathing lungs are not at the maximum of their capabilities.

In the state of the rest, the body that is not burdened with diseases, does not use the entire lungs volume to support the work of all functional systems. But the organism always has compensatory mechanisms that start working while it is necessary and change the rhythms of ordinary life (in the state of fear or nervous tension, overcoming difficult obstacles of the surrounding environment, during exercise, the pathological changes in the various structures of the body).

In all unusual situations involving running, breath holding, any physical activity, the body must have the opportunity to relate expenses of oxygen to its inflow and to breathe more often or load the greater air volume into the lungs in order to maintain the normal oxygen level in the body. A person can not predict when there will be a necessity of compensatory mechanism work, thus it is necessary to worry about maintaining the lung capacity in normal condition beforehand. It is essential to promptly identify and treat respiratory diseases, train the lungs during the lifetime, undertaking some physical activities. It will help in cases when the compensation of respiratory insufficiency will be needed.

The $im of Research is to determine the level of lung capacity, forced air volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow rate in volleyball qualifications.

Materials and Research bethods: 15 girls of volleyball club «Volyn University - ODIUSSH» in Lutsk took part in the experiment. To determine the parameters of external breathing in athletes a Heaco - SP10 portable microprocessor spirometer was used. In the mode of computational spirometer using the program SPIROMETER the following parameters were identified : Forced Vital Capacity , Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF).

Results of Research. Discussion

Untrained healthy young men usually possess the vital lungs capacity within 3,0-4,5 liters, while it is 2,5-3,5 liters for women. Vital lungs capacity decreases with age. For instance, the level of VLC of 20-years-old woman is 3,5 liter and it is 2,5 liter for 55-years-old woman [5].

The advantages of a large lungs volume:

1. More strength and endurance. Explosive power is provided with oxygen exchange as well as endurance. The more body is enriched with oxygen, the hardier and stronger muscles are. Therefore, in modern sport the lungs are primarily trained and then the techniques and muscles are worked on.

2. Improved volume of oxygen allows the body to expend less effort for providing itself with oxygen.

3. Reaction of speed is improved.

The indicator of vital lungs capacity also depends on the general level of health and the amount and way of training [3; 4; 7; 9; 12; 16]. Those who like running and also go skiing swimming and others kind of sport that develop endurance, the level of VLC is so high - he level of VLC of men is more than 5 liters and of women - approximately 4 liters. Athletes, who train for endurance, the highest levels of VLC are recorded: for men it's till 8 and more liter and for women till 5 and more. The average level of VLC of the highly- qualified athletes is listed in the table. 1. During the first year of properly organized regular the level of DVC increases intensively (for 0,2-0,8 liters) [5].

Table 1 The Indicators of Vital Lungs Capacity of the Representatives of Different Kind of Sport

Table 2 Age-related Changes of Vital Lungs Capacity Volleyball Players, ml

The amount of absorbing oxygen and carbon dioxide is higher for trained person than for a non-trained one. Sportsmen have better interaction between there is better interprocess communication between the respiratory system and circulatory system. Vital lungs capacity increases Under the influence of long-term regular exercise of aerobics, especially such as rowing, swimming, running, skiing, boxing, sport games (volleyball, soccer, handball).

Training develops breathing apparatus and increases vital lungs capacity. The level of VCL mainly depends on the sport, methods and duration of training. The greatest value of vital capacity observed in those who are trained for speed and endurance, the lowest - those who are trained in strength. The highest level of vital capacity is observed in those who are trained for speed and endurance, the lowest - in those who are trained for strength. There is a certain level of sports performance that depends on the level of VCL. Highly qualified masters of sport have high levels of vital capacity.

We have investigated vital lungs capacity of girls of the volleyball club «Volyn University-ODYUSSH» in Lutsk. Thanks to the spirometrical data we were able to define average indicators of forced vital lungs capacity (3,32 liters.), forced air volume in 1 second (3,32 liters.) and peak expiratory flow rate 5,77 - l/sec. Thus the level of vital lungs capacity of volleyball players (girls) of high qualification is above average.

Conclusions and Perspectives for Further Research

The investigation that was carried our indicates that the rate of functionality volleyball players (girls) are at above average level. The average rate of lung capacity of volleyball players is - 3,98 l., forced air volume in 1 second - 3,32 liters, peak expiratory flow rate 5,77 - l/sec. The results of researching indicate that the level of vital capacity in girls is rather higher. So volleyball players (girls) have a high level of fitness of the body, providing adaptation to hight loads and hight endurance.

Sources and Literature