Analysing the settlement system of the nanai of the Khabarovsk krai municipal district

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Analysing the settlement system of the nanai of the Khabarovsk krai municipal district

Терехова Наталья Александровна

Annotation

ANALYSING THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM OF THE NANAI OF THE KHABAROVSK KRAI MUNICIPAL DISTRICT

Terekhova Natalia Alexandrovna

One of the important conditions contributing to the spatial development of the territory is the settlement system. However, the historically established settlement system in the districts of Khabarovsk Krai is not always the best option to ensure sustainable development of a particular municipality. Competent territorial planning is a tool that has a positive impact on the production, socio- economic and demographic potential of the district.

Key words: municipal formation; settlement; territorial planning; industrial complex; industrial infrastructure; labour resources.

Аннотация

Анализ системы расселения нанайцев муниципального района Хабаровского края

Одним из важных условий, способствующих пространственному развитию территории, является система расселения. Однако исторически сложившаяся система расселения в районах Хабаровского края не всегда является наилучшим вариантом для обеспечения устойчивого развития конкретного муниципального образования. Грамотное территориальное планирование - это инструмент, оказывающий положительное влияние на производственный, социально-экономический и демографический потенциал района.

Ключевые слова: муниципальное образование; населенный пункт; территориальное планирование; промышленный комплекс; производственная инфраструктура; трудовые ресурсы.

Population is one of the main factors in the development of the state and its individual regions. Settlement as a socio-economic phenomenon is constantly changing. As studies by domestic scientists show, the degree of development of settlement in a particular area is closely related to the territorial distribution of production and, accordingly, the number and density of population. This requires a thorough analysis of the demographic situation, the mode of population reproduction, the study of natural and mechanical movement, sex and age structure of the population, the formation and use of labour resources. The most important factors influencing the development of settlement include the following: production (primarily its material part), transport, natural conditions and resources, social relations and others. The territorial organisation of industrial and agricultural production has a direct impact on the nature and types of settlement systems. The location of new material production facilities significantly affects the established settlement systems, the structure of population and labour resources, as well as the entire service sector.

Assessment of the settlement system is an integral part of the development of the draft spatial planning scheme. This article analyses the existing settlement system on the example of Nanai municipal district of Khabarovsk Krai. The degree of development of the territory of Khabarovsk Krai is extremely heterogeneous (Fig. 1). The bulk of the region's population lives in the southern and central areas of the Krai in the Amur River valley.

The population in the northern part of the Krai is insignificant due to the extreme climate and mountainous terrain. Khabarovsk agglomeration, which is the largest agglomeration in the country and the second largest agglomeration in the Far Eastern

Federal District, has been formed in the south of the Krai. The Khabarovsk agglomeration is monocentric: Khabarovsk (616.4 thousand people) forms its core. In the central part of the region, a polycentric agglomeration - Komsomolskaya agglomeration has been formed, including Komsomolsk-on-Amursk and Amursk, Solnechny and Komsomolsky municipal districts, Elbansk urban settlement, etc. The Komsomolskaya agglomeration is based on the city of Khabarovsk (616,400 people). In addition to the two agglomerations, the settlement structure of the region includes 4 separate centres of population concentration: Yuzhny, Vanino- Sovetsko-Gavansky, Nikolayevsky and Chegdomynsky.

Nanaysky Municipal District is attached to the city of Komsomolsk-on- Amur, one of the inter-district centres defined by the regional territorial planning scheme.

Fig. 1 Territory of Nanai Municipal District

The Nanai Municipal Area comprises 14 lower-level municipal entities with the status of rural settlements.

At present, the municipal district has a territory of 27.8 thousand square kilometres and a population of 20 thousand people, including 4.3 thousand representatives of small indigenous minorities of the North, mainly Nanai people. The population density is 0.71 people per square kilometre and has a downward trend.

Nanai District is seriously behind neighbouring municipalities in terms of demographic development due to the low level of development of both industrial and social infrastructures. Migration outflow of population continues to increase annually. At the same time, the geographical location of the District is very fortunate: the Nanai District is located in the largest and most populated Sredneamurskaya lowland, bounded by the Sikhote-Alin and ridges of the Amur left bank, in the centre of Khabarovsk Krai between the major cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, along the Amur waterway, and has a well -developed transport infrastructure and access to the Vanino seaport. The Nanai District borders Khabarovsk, Amur, Lazo, Komsomolsk, Vanino, Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal Districts and Primorsky Krai. The district centre is 200 km away from Khabarovsk. settlement municipality territorial

The territory of Nanai Municipal District is characterised by a linear settlement pattern, which is due to the location of transport routes that have been formed during the existence of the district.

Domestic geographical science proves that the main factor in the location and demographic development of the population is the spatial expansion and optimisation of the economic complex, strategic directions of economic and social policy both in the country as a whole and in the regions, taking into account not only local geographical conditions, but also the achieved level of socio-economic development of the territory. Systematic development of industrial or agricultural sectors can have an impact on the development and settlement system of Nanai Municipal District due to sufficient resources for their development. If the spatial planning scheme provides for the development of industrial complexes subject to the creation of accompanying infrastructure, there is a probability of an increase in the inflow of permanent population to the territory of Nanai Municipal District.

At the moment, the most developed in socio-economic terms are the settlements located in the first belt along the regional motorway Khabarovsk - Lidoga village - Rural settlement. Khabarovsk - Lidoga village - Vanino settlement with access to Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Vanino with access to Komsomolsk-on- Amur. The overwhelming part of the district population lives here, the main industrial enterprises and other economic entities (including most of the national communities of the indigenous minorities of the North) are located here. The distances between the centres of population concentration (Troitskoye village, Mayak village, Naykhin village, Lidoga village) and more remote settlements limit the possibilities of interaction between them - joint use of social infrastructure (e.g., cultural and health care institutions, leisure activities, etc.), as well as labour mobility. The settlement structure negatively affects the provision of goods and services, including public services, to the residents of remote rural settlements, which reduces the quality of life of people and stimulates migration. The resources of all natural-geographical altitude belts are involved to a greater or lesser extent in the economic life of the district, but their accessibility for the productive forces of society is developed to a different degree. This is influenced by historically established conditions of settlement, formed depending on the development of productive forces of society, unevenness of the territory relief, microclimate - more comfortable in the first belt, and the least comfortable in the third.

Overcoming the disadvantages of the linear type of settlement is possible under the following conditions:

Supplementing the main linear axis of the district development with transverse axes. In this case, the linear planning structure is transformed into a network structure with the possibility of organising industrial and social infrastructure.

Infrastructure development in the previously established conditions of settlement with the condition of involvement of the population from more remote settlements. In this case, the integrated development of territories is achieved through balanced multifunctional territorial development and by providing the resident population with all necessary social, transport and engineering infrastructure facilities.

Implementation of the programmes envisaged by the draft spatial planning scheme for the period up to 2040 will make it possible to raise the level of development of settlements located in the northwestern part of the Nanai Region due to the proximity of industrial infrastructure facilities to these settlements. Rural settlements located in the central part of the region and far away from the regional centre - Arsenyevo village, Uni village, Arsenyevo village, Uni village, and Arsenyevo village. Arsenyevo village, Uni village, Verkhnyaya Manoma village. Verkhnyaya Manoma also require special attention in terms of development and implementation of spatial planning programmes of the municipal area in order to ensure an acceptable standard of living and reduce population outflow.

Conclusion

This article has examined the relationship between the historically established settlement system and the level of development of Nanai municipal district in order to develop spatial planning measures that will help stabilise and improve its production, socio-economic and demographic potential. Specific problems of demographic, social and economic nature have been identified, which will be solved if an up-to-date draft spatial planning scheme is developed.

Bibliographic references

1. Ovchinnikova N.G., V.V. Shmakova V.V. Organisation of rational use of land resources in territorial planning of municipal formations / Economics and ecology of territorial formations. M.- № 4(3), 2017.- P. 80-90

2. Strategy of socio-economic development of Khabarovsk Krai for the period up to 2030 / [Electronic resource]

3. Investment passport of Nanai municipal district of Khabarovsk Krai / [Electronic resource]

4. Socio-economic profile of Khabarovsk Krai / [Electronic resource]

Размещено на Allbest.ru