A study on the temporary housing plan for the homeless

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Sunmoon University

A study on the temporary housing plan for the homeless

In Ju Irene Diarra, undergraduate student, Division of Architecture,

Ki-suk Lee, PhD in Architecture, Associate Professor, Division of Architecture

Asan, Republic of Korea

Abstract

This plan proposes a temporary housing facility for the homeless on a site near Cheonan Station. It is not just a temporary housing facility that accommodates the homeless, but additionally, a program to help them recover in society through mental and physical treatment and the function of educating them to return to work was proposed.

Keywords: homeless shelter, temporary housing, eco-friendly energy saving

Абстракт

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЛАНА ВРЕМЕННОГО ЖИЛЬЯ ДЛЯ БЕЗДОМНЫХ

Ин Джу Ирена Диарра,

студент кафедры архитектуры, Университет Сонмун, г. Асан, Республика Корея

Гисок Ли,

PhD (архитектура), доцент кафедры архитектуры, Университет Сонмун, г. Асан, Республика Корея;

В этом плане предлагается временное жилье для бездомных на участке недалеко от станции Чхонан. Это не просто временное жилье, в котором размещаются бездомные, но, кроме того, была предложена программа, призванная помочь им восстановиться в обществе посредством психического и физического лечения, а также включена образовательная функция для дальнейшего возвращения к работе.

Ключевые слова: приют для бездомных, временное жилье, экологичное энергосбережение

Introduction

We can see homeless people everywhere in Seoul, including Seoul Station, Yeongdeungpo Station, and Euljiro. Many citizens perceive them as dirty and scary. A new design is needed to change the perception of the homeless and further help their social recovery. Although it would be difficult to approach the method of eliminating the existence of the homeless, it is a social responsibility to prepare a social support system that can maintain basic human dignity and to open the possibility of returning to a normal social life. The direction of this study is not simply to create accommodation for runaways or the unemployed, but to create a physical system to solve social problems such as psychological and emotional problems, alcoholism, family dissolution, and gambling problems of most homeless people. homeless temporary housing mental

The status and problem of the Homeless and case studies

The status and problem of the Homeless

According to the 2016 survey, the number of street homeless people was increasing. Despite various welfare measures, the number of homeless people on the streets due to unemployment, bankruptcy, and family dissolution has exceeded 1,500. The fact that the number of street homeless people is maintained at more than 1,000 every year regardless of the season indicates that the number of new homeless people is steadily increasing. In terms of gender, one in four homeless people is a woman. Although the proportion of homeless men was significantly higher, the proportion of homeless women was also not small. If you look at the government's countermeasures against the homeless, rather than providing comprehensive measures and services for the homeless to return to society by identifying the root cause of the homeless, it is not just a shelter for the homeless, but a public work project and a minimum of food, clothing, and shelter.

Case studies

1) Promise at Dawn

This case is an emergency facility center for the homeless, designed by Moon Architecture, located in France. The building is prefabricated, and 117 all-wood modules with high levels of insulation are delivered on site, providing 200 accommodations consisting of shared and private spaces or family rooms.

Figure 1. Picture of Promise at Dawn

2) Home Modular Temporary Housing

Developed by the Los Angeles Design Education Foundation Madworkshop in collaboration with the Homeless Studio of the USC School of Architecture, `Homes for Hope' is a modular system of prefab units that can be quickly assembled on a small unused lot.

Figure 2. Picture of Home Modular Temporary Housing

Selection of Site

The site is located on a lot of 137 Wachon-dong, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chung- cheongnam-do (land area of about 3600m2), and there is a 10m road to the west and a 6m road to the east. Residential facilities are adjacent to the south, and the form of the lot is flat land. Temporary residential facilities are located on the southern side of the site. There are railroad facilities on both sides of the site for trains to pass through, so the view to the east and west is obscured.

Figure 3. Site Location

Design Process

Design Concept

Since it is a residential facility designed for the homeless, we thought of an architectural concept that connects the inside and the outside so that they can get used to it. It is not a shabby and inconvenient space for the homeless, but a space that is sufficiently valuable and possible to live a good quality of life. The subjects were divided by gender, and a space was planned to provide a necessary and comfortable space for the young and the elderly.

Figure 4. Design Concept

Mass Process

Based on the architectural concept established at the beginning, focusing on residential facilities, a mass plan was made that could mix internal and external spaces.

Figure 5. Mass Process

Integrated Design

1) Structural consultation

The structural system of the residential building was a wall-type structural system, but the education and treatment buildings were planned as a Rahmen structural system.

Figure 6. a) Structural consultation; b) 3D modeling of structure

The facilities of the residential building were planned as air conditioning facilities and sanitary facilities. Central heating and cooling and local ventilation were planned for the space of the education building and treatment building, and a booster pump direct delivery method was planned in the sanitation section.

Figure 7. Building Facility System

Safety Design

Fire Escape

In this design, it was designed to be a safe building by observing the pedestrian distance regulations for evacuation required by laws and regulations. The maximum walking distance to the core of the education and treatment buildings was 50M or less.

Barrier Free

The barrier-free design was actively introduced so that all people using the building could use the space comfortably. A parking space for the disabled was provided and an elevator for the disabled was installed. Other than that, while designing the hallway, the width was applied in consideration of the handicapped so that it could pass comfortably.

Table 1. Fire evacuation plan and Barrier Free design Fire evacuation plan

Eco-friendly Design

In terms of energy, solar panels including eco-friendly elements and green roofs are representative. A great feature of this building design was to blend the building with elements of nature. Therefore, the room and the terrace provide a bright and comfortable environment for the homeless and connect the outside with the inside. The layout of the entire building was selected as an overall design element so that the wind path could be well formed by placing a yard in the middle.

4. Proposal Design

Table 2. Eco-friendly and energy saving The conclusion

Figure 9. Floor Plans(1~2F)

As a result of this study I got the following conclusions:

Social housing is essential, as is the development of good social housing. What makes Housing First work so well compared to other social housing developments is that it provides a range of support services rather than simply relying on building more homes. It is almost impossible for homeless people to find work again. They are victims of discrimination, and most homeless people do not want to stay in shelters because of hygiene and personal safety concerns. This study proposes a homeless support system that can help improve the ability to respond quickly to a housing crisis for the homeless, return people to their homes, and connect with community-based services.

Figure 10. a) Section; b) Elevation

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