Mechanism of economic assessment for human health

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Mechanism of economic assessment for human health

Baghdasaryan K.

Doctor of Economics, associated professor, Scientific secretary, Institute of Economics, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia

As a result of the reforms implemented in the 1990s, economic collapse of Armenia led to a large-scale migration of people in reproductive age and massive impoverishment of population, resulting in decrease of total birth rate that reached its minimum in 2001, after which this indicator recorded very slow growth, quite insufficient for natural reproduction. Another important factor of low birth rate in Armenia is the fact that young people prefer to have only one or two children because of advancement of individualistic values and consumer culture.

Also, it can be assumed that one of the reasons for reduction of actual births is the emergence of "dangerous diseases", and due to both financial and psychological problems, it becomes impossible to save lives. Thus, socially significant diseases, such as malignant neoplasms, continue to occupy primary positions in general mortality structure, showing a tendency of continuous growth year by year. economic reproductive reforms

Data in figure 1 shows that in 1999-2015 the number of patients with malignant neoplasms with confirmed diagnosis for the first time in life and registered at oncological clinics per 100,000 residents started to increase gradually, particularly, in 2014 the growth of absolute number was 54,48% compared to 1999, and the highest figure was recorded in 2014, with an absolute number of 8365 people. Troublesome is also the number of patients under dispensary care at oncological clinics as of the yearend, the absolute growth of which again per 100,000 residents in 2014 was 72.29% as compared to 1999.

It is to be noted that cancer has become the main cause of death in the 21st century, since still no single and absolute method of treatment or medicine has been discovered, that can fight and destroy cancer cells for 100 percent. The growth of agents of this disease year by year and at a frightening rate gives evidence of negative changes occurred in the environment and disruption of the ecosystem, which causes new diseases with no single medical treatment.

If we look at birth and mortality rates for 1990-2015, it will be noticed that death cases were increased along with reduction of birth rate in the 1990s, particularly, in 2015 was recorded the highest mortality rate in the last four years - 27,900.

Patients with malignant neoplasms with confirmed diagnosis for the first time in life

Patients with malignant neoplasms with confirmed diagnosis for the first time in life registered at oncological clinics

Figure 1.

RA population with malignant neoplasms (per 100.000 residents) Figure 2 has been prepared by the author based on the following web site: http://moh.am/uploadfiles/Health_Health%20Care%20Year%20Book_2015_Arm.pdf

In deaths prevailed the deaths caused by cardiovascular system diseases and malignant neoplasms that accounted for 68.5% of total mortality rate. Reasons for increase of mortality are different, conditioned by growth of cardiovascular, neurological and oncological diseases). As data of table 1 shows, increased cases of heart attack affect mortality of population, one of the causes of which are cardiovascular diseases. Mortality rate due to heart attack was increased by 24.9% in 2015 as compared to 1999 and caused 2393 deaths in 2014. Brain diseases (stroke) were decreased by 11% and caused 2637 deaths in 2015. During the same period, deaths caused by central nervous system diseases were reduced by around 17.4%. Mortality rate of cancer patients is quite frightening, which in 2015 was increased by 60,9% compared to 1990, and the number of agents causing the disease was grown by around 2160. It should be stated that cases of malignant tumor were increased, thus contributing to growth of mortality rate in Armenia, in 2014 mortality rate due to malignant tumor was increased by 41,9% as compared to 1999 and caused about 6103 deaths in 2015.

Table 1

Cases of cancer deaths in OECD countries (per 100.000 people, aged 0-69), 2015 http://nih.am/uploads/files/hspa_2015_arm.pdf

In 2015, as in 2014, males accounted for 51.3% of registered deaths, a slightly higher proportion than females, who accounted for 48.7% of registered deaths. According to official data, 14,302 men and 13,576 women died in 2015.

Comparative analysis of primary classifications of diseases in the CIS countries for 2000-2015 has been conducted, as a result of which it can be concluded that the rate of circulatory diseases in the Republic of Armenia is quite low in comparison with the CIS countries, comprising 127.5 (per 10.000 residents) on average. The same figure is quite high in Belarus, constituting 256.6 (per 10.000 residents) on average, in Russia - 247.2 (per 10.000 residents), in Kazakhstan - 202.4 (per 10.000 residents).

Table 2

RA population mortality per causes, per 100.000 residents, 1999-2015 Table 5 has been prepared by the author based on the following web site: http://moh.am/uploadfiles/Health_Health%20Care%20Year%20Book_2015_Arm.pdf

This means that disease rate was increased over the past decade, causing deaths in population of the Republic of Armenia. Already the fact that in the Republic of Armenia disease rate steadily exceeds 900 thousand for two consecutive years gives rise to major concerns.

A system-oriented analysis has been conducted in the paper, aiming to substantiate the environmental factors influencing human health. Based on the urgency of solution of the issues presented, a number of insightful and professional analyzes has been carried out.

Competitive advantages of the research. Many studies have been carried out in this regard, but the project has particularly emphasized the impact of environmental factors as well as socio-economic factors on human health at risk of deteriorating human health and loss of life. The population health assessment of the Republic of Armenia provides an opportunity to characterize the demographic and socio-economic status of the country, as well as the existing problems of population health. They have been assessed separately, which characterize the country's demographic and socio-economic status, as well as population health issues.

Conclusions: A system-oriented analysis has been conducted in the paper, identifying the prerequisites and factors for mitigating the risk of loss of life due to environmental impacts, in particular:

· As a result of the analysis of the environment on human health, it has been established that human health in the Republic of Armenia is conditioned by both socio-economic factors and environmental pollution.

· As a result of the calculation, it has been established that due to the low level of effectiveness of their management, different age groups of the Republic of Armenia are at risk of loss of life, which in turn has a huge impact on the economic, social and demographic development of the RA population.

· In order to calculate the overall indicator of human health deterioration and loss in the Republic of Armenia, socio-economic, demographic and human health factors were considered, which calculated the factors that lead to loss of life.

Expected output: In the 21st century, the development of public relations and the use of modern technologies were, in fact, supposed to contribute to the preservation and improvement of human health, but they in turn gave rise to new diseases that lead to a decline in human life expectancy.

· There are many reasons for the increase in diseases. It is possible that people now turn to doctors more often, or hospitals are more patient in registering patients. The purpose of the paper is not to conduct a health survey to determine the causes of the increase in diseases. However, it is clear that increasing environmental pollution also contributes to the spread of diseases;

· We believe that no medical research can deny this, as there are diseases that are directly attributable to environmental pollution: bronchial asthma, many types of allergies, malignant tumors. And some diseases develop as a result of adverse environmental effects due to the long-term exposure to harmful substances penetrating the body. Or, such as noise, it has a negative impact on people's nervous system, which in turn weakens human immunity;

· Therefore, one of the expected results of the project is that it is necessary to identify in the RA the factors of environmental deterioration and the extent of the damage or illnesses caused by human health, which shorten the life expectancy;

· The discovery of a link between environmental pollution risk in the Republic of Armenia and the risk to the population of the population makes it possible to expect that the magnitude of the risk to the population and the economic damage resulting from it may be estimated in the context of the environment, in the population of which there are incurable diseases which create preconditions for the premature death of man. Therefore, there is a need to develop a mechanism that will subsequently provide safeguards for the restoration of human health and at the same time addressing environmental pollution issues.

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References

1. Gevorgyan S., Petrosyan R., Gevorgyan A., Karapetyan A. Fundamentals of Environmental Conservation and Environmental Expertise. - Yerevan, 2011. - 312 p. (translated from Armenian)/

2. Gevorgyan St. et al. Issues of Ecological Safety in the Republic of Armenia. 2014. - 50 p. (translated from Armenian).

3. Hakobyan L. The Economics of Usage: Manual. - Yerevan: AUA, 2014. - 408 p. (translated from Armenian).

4. Armenia, Solid Waste Management and Sector Research. - Yerevan, 2011, - 63 p. (translated from Armenian).

5. Marukhyan R.S., Hovhannisyan N.K. Ecological Management: Textbook. 2009. - 432 p.

6. Акопов В.И., Маслов Е.Н. Право в медицине. - М.: Книга-сервис, 2002. - 352 с.

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