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CORRUPTION

AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM AND EVIL

By Iryna Yurchuk

ABSTRACT

corruption resource public society

Corruption is a poison which has been spread in the mind of wrong people of the society, community and country. It is the mistreatment of public resources just for getting some unfair advantage to fulfil little wish. It is a big reason of inequalities in the society and community. It affects the growth and development of the nation in all aspects like socially, economically and politically. Corruption is of different types which has been spread in every thing like education, sports, games, politics, etc. Because of the corruption, one does not understand his/her responsibilities at work place. Corruptions are like theft, dishonesty, wastage of public property, wastage of time unnecessarily, exploitation, scandals, malpractice of responsibilities. There are the various types of corruption. It has made its roots in both developing and well developed countries. We need to remove corruption from our society and country in order to get real freedom from the slavery.

KEY WORDS: corruption, virus, economy, politicians, bribery, embezzlement.

1. INTRODUCTION

Corruption is both a major cause and a result of poverty around the world. It occurs at all levels of society, from local and national governments, civil society, judiciary functions, large and small businesses, military and other services and so on.

Corruption affects the poorest the most, in rich or poor nations, though all elements of society are affected in some way as corruption undermines political development, democracy, economic development, the environment, people's health and more.

Around the world, the perception of corruption in public places is very high:

World map of the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International. Blue indicates less perception of corruption, whereas red indicates higher perception of corruption.

First of all, what is corruption? It is an unethical method used by a person to gain advantage over others. Today, corruption is one of the greatest factors hindering development and stifling the realisation of democracy. Corruption affects the growth of a nation adversely. It reduces the Government's income, and creates inequalities in distribution of income and wealth. Corruption affects a nation's development, economically, socially and politically.

Corruption may come in many forms, often in politics and sport. Politicians have been found guilty of corruption, as with sports persons. Politicians use unethical techniques to gain an advantage in an election, to gain more money, votes or to reach ungotten wealth. There is corruption in the police force, in law and order and even in the management of the Olympic Games.

Corruption is the misuse of public property, position, power and authority for fulfilling the selfish purposes to gain personal satisfactions. It is the unfair use of public power for some private advantages by breaking some rules and regulations made by government. It is like a cancer which once generated cannot be ended without medicine and spreading its roots continuously.

2. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS

We are well familiar with the corruption and it is not a new phenomenon in our country. It has taken its roots so deeply in the people's mind. It is a very common poison in the society since ancient time. Now-a-days, corruption is seen everywhere in the society just like an infectious disease. The great leaders of the India who have fought their whole life for removing corruption and other social issues completely from the society.

When asking why poor countries are poor, it is quite common to hear, especially in wealthier countries that are perceived to have minimal corruption (at least domestically) that other countries are poor because of corruption. Yet, corruption is not something limited to third world despots. Rich countries too have been involved in corrupt practices around the world.

In systemic corruption and grand corruption, multiple methods of corruption are used concurrently with similar aims.

METHODS of corruption

Bribery

Bribery involves the improper use of gifts and favours in exchange for personal gain. This is also known as kickbacks or, in the Middle East, as baksheesh. It is the most common form of corruption. The types of favours given are diverse and may include money, gifts, sexual favours, company shares, entertainment, employment and political benefits. The personal gain that is given can be anything from actively giving preferential treatment to having an indiscretion or crime overlooked.

Embezzlement, theft and fraud

Embezzlement and theft involve someone with access to funds or assets illegally taking control of them. Fraud involves using deception to convince the owner of funds or assets to give them up to an unauthorized party.

Examples include the misdirection of company funds into "shadow companies" (and then into the pockets of corrupt employees), the skimming of foreign aid money, scams and other corrupt activity.

Extortion and blackmail

While bribery is the use of positive inducements for corrupt aims, extortion and blackmail centre around the use of threats. This can be the threat of violence or false imprisonment as well as exposure of an individual's secrets or prior crimes.

Here are the top 10 nations perceived to be the least corrupt:

· Finland

· Sweden

· Netherlands

· Norway

· Switzerland

· Canada

· Germany

· Denmark

And the top 10 worst-performing countries:

· North Korea/Somalia

· Afghanistan

· Sudan

· South Sudan

· Angola

· Libya

· Iraq

· etc.

Why corruption is a social problem?

“Man is social animal and greedy and selfish by nature like other animals. Generally, when it gets a chance in its favour by any means it do not hesitate in achieving its goal. His achieving the goal may harm other competent and deserving persons. So it is injustice towards the other innocent and deserving competent persons. So it is a social problem of injustice towards the humanity.”

Corruption is a persistent feature of human societies over time and space. Contemporary examples also abound and not only from developing countries such as Nigeria, India, and Philippines but also from transition economies such as Russia. Some of these and many other instances of corruption are extensively documented in The Politics of Corruption, edited by Robert Williams and associates.

Currently,the study of corruption is also high on the research agenda of international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

d in The Politics of Corruption, edited by Robert Williams and associates.

The entire system has been effected by this corruption virus and it is now like a cancer absolutely incurable. The cancer has spread throughout the body system and now there is no cure for it. Only in the early stages, if the cancer had been treated it may have never taken such a dangerous posture.

Let us for a moment analyze how this virus was allowed to grow. The answer to this question is quite simple. Since this cancer was not treated in its earlier stages, it grew to this magnum size, which today defies any cure. It is not that people did not know about the virus entering the system but, it was ignored and so the result is here for all of us to see.

Corruption in the Ukrainian context

Corruption is a widespread and growing problem in Ukrainian society. In 2014's Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index Ukraine was ranked 142nd out of the 175 countries investigated (tied with Uganda and the Comoros). Ernst & Young (in 2012) put Ukraine among the three most corrupted nations of the world together with Colombia and Brazil.

Bribes are given to ensure that public services are delivered either in time or at all. Ukrainians stated they give bribes because they think it is customary and expected. Some of the biggest bribes involve more than 1 million US$. According to a 2008 Management Systems International (MSI) sociological survey, the highest corruption levels were found in vehicle inspection (57.5%), the police (54.2%), health care (54%), the courts (49%) and higher education (43.6%)

Corruption in Ukraine has been practiced by high-ranking public officials, ministers, members of the Verkhona Rada, and the head of state. They have been ready to cash in on assets obtained after the collapse of the Soviet Union, infrastructure projects, the sale of their country's resources, public procurement, and more.

The corrupt government official uses state power not in the public interest, which is the purpose, but for private gain; which is against the law-- or should be.

In Ukraine, government officials have felt protected by the system. Reforms are under discussion every day, and there is a struggle going on between those said to be benefitting from the existing system, and those that want to destroy corruption. The reform movement was created from people rebelling against the legal system, and wishing to live under a better system -- a system more ethical and with positive moral values.

Those in authority involved in corruption consider the risk to be caught, and whether or not they are able to breakt it. When the risk to be caught is very low, as is the case with corruption, values will offer a higher compliance level than rules or the law.

Legal and judicial reform are essential to reduce corruption. But the law is only part of the effort required. A large number of anti-corruption measures are listed in a recent report on legal and governance reform in Ukraine. For some of them there is a degree of urgency, including:

§ introducing a comprehensive protection for whistleblowers;

§ increased public oversight and independence of the anti-corruption agency;

§ public pressure to continue reforms to the state procurement system in order to ensure its objectivity and transparency.

But to succeed in combating corruption, a new culture of integrity must replace the current culture of corruption. The Ukrainian revolution revealed that many Ukrainians want a change, as demonstrated through non-violent activism and a willingness to sacrifice for change (including with their lives).

3. CONCLUSION

Now-a-days, private sectors companies are so good in comparison to the governmental jobs. Private companies are giving job on the basis of candidate's skills, ability, technical knowledge, good percentage of marks and all the educational records. However, it has become tough to get job in the government offices as they need lots of bribe to give any type of job (high level or low level) like teaching, clerk, babu, nurse, doctor, sweeper, etc

We have forgotten the real responsibility of being a human just because of the money. We need to understand that money is not everything and it is not a stable thing. We cannot keep it forever to us, it can only give us greediness and corruption. We should give importance to the value based life and not money based life. It is true that we need lot of money to live a common life however it is not true that just for our selfishness and greediness; we should play someone's life or money in some unfair ways.

We should select very honest and trustworthy leaders to lead our world just like our earlier. Only such political leaders can reduce and finally end the corruptionin different countries, and in the whole world at all.. Youths of the country should also need to be aware of all the reasons of corruption and get together to solve it in group. Increasing level of the corruption needs to take some heavy steps to get control over it.

REFERENCES

1. http://www.indiacelebrating.com/essay/social-issues/corruption/.

2. https://www.quora.com/Why-corruption-is-a-social-problem.

3. http://www.shareyouressays.com/7527/841-words-essay-on-corruption-a-way-of-life.

4. "Corrupt | Define Corrupt at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2010-12-06.

5. Fighting Corruption In Ukraine: Ukrainian Style, Gorshenin Institute (July 3, 2011).

6. Heidenheimer, Arnold J. and Michael Johnston, eds. Political corruption: Concepts and contexts (2011).

7. Heywood, Paul M. ed. Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (2014).

8. Public Corruption - FBI Agent Helps Protect His Native American Community.

9. Senior, I. (2006), Corruption - The World's Big C., Institute of Economic Affairs, London.

10. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2007 Table.

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