Psychology of physical education and sports

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Psychology of physical education and sports

Boychenko N. V.,

associate professor Department of Martial Arts Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture,

PhD (Kharkiv)

Keywords: psychology, physical education, sport

Physical education is an educational process aimed at comprehensive and harmonious human development. The system of classes in physical education practically corresponds to the didactic principles and norms of the organization of the pedagogical process, but has its own specific features [1].

Firstly, it is a continuous long-term process that extends through all periods of each person's life, beginning immediately after birth.

Secondly, it is a process whose content and forms always depend on the peculiarities of the patterns inherent in the age periodization of human development.

Physical education is distinguished by the fact that the formation of motor skills and abilities, education of physical qualities and mental properties is carried out in full accordance with the laws of periodization of ontogenesis.

The psychology of physical education is a science that studies the laws of development and manifestation of the human psyche in the conditions of physical development of various human qualities. Movement is one of the foundations of human life, the main condition for its healthy activity and absence of diseases. The engine of human activity should be laid from an early age, which means that natural inclinations should be developed in active forms of life, for example, if a child does not develop such a natural need as motor activity from an early age, then in the future his or her natural inclinations will lose their value and it will be most difficult to develop them in the future.

Identification and development of motor abilities is an important psychological reserve that can be used to quickly and perfectly master physical exercises. In these cases, it is impossible to do without a detailed study of sports psychology, which studies the qualities of a person that affect his or her participation in competitions, the purpose and motivation for taking prizes in competitions. The goals of sports psychology are to study the formation of qualities, training methods, as well as the individual approach of an athlete to certain types of competitions, including the process of preparation for competitions. At the stage of sports development, psychological preparedness is becoming increasingly important. In preparation for competitions, various mental processes and states begin to play an important role, and the importance of psychological factors increases. In general, sports psychology is the study of the life of an athlete and the activities of sports teams.

Modem psychology is at the intersection of various sciences, occupying a special place in the study of humans [2]. The process of development of psychic regulation of psychomotor action and behaviour cannot be properly understood, or even used, without a dialectical understanding of the principle of development: development as a unity of opposites. Psychology has direct links with social and natural sciences. It retains its own subjects, theoretical principles, and research methods, although it uses knowledge from related disciplines for its purposes. By clarifying the role of the psyche in human activity and development, psychology opens up human capabilities to other sciences. It reveals the mental capabilities of a person in the most intense conditions of activity: a sports record is the discovery of opportunities, the realization of psychomotor abilities.

Thus, all the elements related to the psychology of physical education are important to consider when conducting physical training, training, and for more effective work it is necessary to develop the so-called methods of regulating the psycho-emotional state in physical training classes. Not always an athlete can use the methods, because of his/her workload, training regimen, and also during the training itself it is impossible to do so. In such situations, it is extremely necessary to master the methods of self-regulation.

The process of training an athlete can be divided into education and training; it is a single and inseparable pedagogical process. The process of training an athlete always has an educational character: it should be structured in such a way as to simultaneously develop purposefulness, initiative, determination, courage, will, a sense of friendship, camaraderie, collectivism, and promote the formation of the necessary motivation, interests, ideals, beliefs - in short, to create their mind. On the other hand, in the process of training an athlete, sports improvement takes place.

Sports improvement is a pedagogical process that has a high level of sportsmanship through the maximum development of mental qualities, physical abilities and the formation of positive personality traits of an athlete.

Summarizing the above, I would like to emphasize the importance and significance of a coach's professional approach to each athlete individually, the formation of an athlete's psychological attitude to the training process in general and his or her desire to achieve prizes in competitions directly depends on his or her psychological education. According to statistics, most professional athletes who win prizes have been training since childhood, which characterizes their high level of psychological education, which is laid down by the coach in childhood. But it should be noted that there are always exceptions, athletes who started training in adulthood and achieved high results, as a rule, are people who are highly motivated and psychologically focused not only on the development of physical skills, but mainly on a high place in the ranking. As for the developed methods of maintaining the psychological state during the training process, they should be used regularly to achieve the highest results and increase the productivity of the training process [3].

Thus, the psychology of physical education has one of the important goals for the healthy functioning of the human body, this goal is physical perfection, which is achieved through daily exercise and training. It is the maintenance of human harmony that requires the right approach to their psychological characteristics, which will further contribute to the motivation to achieve high results. education sport physical

References

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Біліченко О. О. Особливості мотивації до занять з фізичного виховання у студентів. Педагогіка, психологія та медико-біологічні проблеми фізичного виховання і спорту. 2011. Т. 5. С. 3-5.

Пічурін В., Умеренко В., Дутко Т. Психологія розвитку і фізичне виховання. Scientific Collection «InterConf+». 2023. №. 30 (143). С. 535-541.

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