Educational countermeasures based on the analysis of the mental characteristics of modern students and their educational behavior at the university on the example of Chinese students

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Belarusian National Technical University

Zhang Yuwen, master's student,

Zhang Yuxin, master's student,

Romanova A.M., Master's student

Annotation

The study of learning behavior is a scientific study based on the psychology of learning that studies the laws of formation of learning behavior, as well as the influence of learning behavior on the effect of learning and many other behavioral problems associated with learning. The learning behavior of modern university students is a complex manifestation of their real mental characteristics in a number of behavioral problems associated with learning. The study of the mental characteristics of modern students and their learning behavior is of great practical importance for cultivating excellent learning habits and improving learning efficiency.

Keywords: modern university students, mental characteristics of modern university students, learning behavior, educational countermeasures.

Аннотация

Чжан Ювэнь, Чжан Юйсинь, Романова А.М. студенты магистратуры; Белорусский национальный технический университет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

Изучение учебного поведения - это научное исследование, основанное на психологии обучения, которое изучает законы формирования учебного поведения, а также влияние учебного поведения на эффект обучения и многие другие поведенческие проблемы, связанные с обучением. Учебное поведение современных студентов университета -- это комплексное проявление их реальных психических особенностей в ряде поведенческих проблем, связанных с обучением. Изучение психических особенностей современных студентов и их учебного поведения имеет большое практическое значение для воспитания отличных учебных привычек и повышения эффективности обучения.

Ключевые слова: современные студенты университета, психические особенности современных студентов университета, учебное поведение, образовательные контрмеры.

psychological pedagogical learning behavior chinese student

China's society has undergone radical changes in the past 30 years, and China's higher education has also made great progress. From only 165,000 graduates in 1978 to 7.56 million in 2015, the number of graduates from general higher education institutions in China has increased 46 times in 37 years. The general age of college students in China ranges from 18 to 22 years old, and their physiological development is nearing completion and their psychological development tends to be mature, and they have their own psychological characteristics and tendencies influenced by many factors such as the surrounding environment and social development [1].

Modern University students are more agile in their thinking, more innovative in their ideas, more broad in their knowledge and more independent in their character. As the backbone of social development, modern University students are concerned by all sectors of society. At the time of their birth, China's social and economic reform is undergoing radical changes, and technology and education are developing rapidly. The University students of this era are young but wise, blind but mature, restless but rational. As modern University students grow older, their sense of autonomy is increasing, and the influence of learning behavior in the learning process is becoming more and more obvious. By studying the learning behaviors of University students, it is important to understand the current situation of University students' learning and guide them to form good learning behaviors. This paper starts from the analysis of the mental characteristics and learning behaviors of modern University students in China, combining the relevant learning behavior theories, and seeks to explore educational countermeasures that are suitable for the mental characteristics of modern University students and their learning behavior characteristics.

Mental characteristics refer to the characteristics with stability that are displayed from time to time in the process of personal inner changes. Modern University students' thinking ability is obviously improved; meanwhile, their self-awareness is significantly enhanced, and their innovative consciousness has distinctive characteristics of the times, and they are entering a period of psychological transition [2].

Therefore, the study of the mental characteristics of modern University students considers the following characteristics [3]:

1. Thinking ability. The thinking ability of University students has reached a peak of individual development. First of all, the thinking of University students has shifted from empirical to logical thinking, and the latter has gradually taken the dominant position. The development of human thinking generally goes through direct thinking one-by-one concrete image thinking one-by-one theoretical (abstract) logical thinking, which is a development process from low to high, from concrete to abstract. Through their studies and extensive exposure to society, University students engage in systematic argumentative thinking, actively considering the sources of various theories and proving their credibility. In other words, they are more and more interested in exploring the regularity of cause-and-effect relationships. Moreover, the independence and criticality of University students' thinking increase significantly. This is mainly manifested in the development of theoretical thinking and the corresponding development of independent thinking ability. They like to look at everything around them with a critical eye, like to doubt and argue, and dare to express their independent opinions. If their ideas are supported or proven by people, they become more confident in the power of their thinking and more willing to think independently. If their ideas are always rejected by people and facts, they will pay attention to analyze the subjective reasons and appear to be self-critical. At the same time, University students have a certain degree of creativity in their thinking. Creative thinking means that the results of their thinking are new, original, and can solve unknown problems. Of course, since they are not deep enough in the foundation of dialectical and logical thinking, not rich in social experience, and not high enough in recognition ability, they tend to be subjective and one-sided when observing and analyzing things, and some of them show overconfidence and stubbornness.

2. Self-consciousness. University students are entering adulthood, full of ideals and fantasies about the future, with a strong desire to transform reality and a strong sense of self. This self-awareness is reflected in University students' study, daily life and interaction with friends. Self-awareness refers to the individual's understanding and experience of himself and the relationship with the world around him. A person with correct self-awareness can organically unite the ideal self with the real self. The cultivation of positive self-awareness among University students is an essential proposition in University life.

3. Creative consciousness. University students have mastered a certain amount of social and professional knowledge. Therefore, this stage is the stage of life where the desire for knowledge and innovation consciousness are relatively strong, and they have certain creativity and innovation ability. In the modern network environment and information channels, they have a strong ability to accept new things and are brave to accept challenges.

4. Mental transition period. The stage of University is the stage of entering into adulthood, and the comprehensive factors such as study, job hunting and love affect the psychology of University students, and the growth from the psychology of minors to the psychology of adults is the characteristic of University students at this stage, which is considered as the critical period of psychological weaning. The emergence and disappearance of the blind spots are the manifestations of a University student's psychological maturity. This requires educators to do a good job of psychological guidance for University students at this stage.

Learning behavior refers to the learning process and learning activities. In the learning process, people input information to the cerebral cortex through various sensory and perceptual organs, and then transmit the processed information to guide people's practical activities. The learning behavior of University students also shows distinctive characteristics due to the influence of psychological characteristics at this stage, which are manifested in the following aspects [4]:

1) specialization (through systematic professional learning, University students should master a professional knowledge and have the ability to use the professional knowledge to solve practical problems in the field to meet the needs of a certain occupation in society);

2) openness (the breadth of the learning contents of University students. With the development of socialized production and social division of labor, especially with the development of the knowledge and information era, it is impossible for University students to fully adapt to the needs of social development with only specialized knowledge, and comprehensive development is the requirement of the times for University students);

3) mutual promotion (the behavior characteristic that University students form a small learning group or partnership according to their common psychological understanding, interests, hobbies and pursuits, so as to stimulate and promote each other in the learning process).

4) creativity (students are a group of high intellectual level, they are more sensitive to problems, and have distinctive views as well as flexible thinking);

5) autonomy (in their learning behavior, they can independently arrange their own learning time, make their own learning plan, choose learning content, and find their own suitable learning methods).

In view of the above analysis of the mental characteristics of modern University students and their learning behavior characteristics, we propose the following educational and guidance countermeasures (1-4).

1. To have a scientific and objective view of the mental characteristics of modern University students and their learning behavior characteristics, to recognize and respect the personalities of modern University students, to affirm their merits, and to protect and encourage the development of their personalities. When educating and guiding modern University students in learning, we should carefully analyze the inner and outer characteristics of different University students' personalities, educate and manage them according to their learning behavior characteristics; guide and restrict the personalities that are not conducive to learning, while encourage the positive learning personalities to flourish, protect them, cultivate their learning interests, and mobilize them to develop in the direction of learning and scientific research.

2. To overcome cognitive bias and establish a correct learning concept. The foundation of dialectical and logical thinking of modern University students is not deep enough; their social experience is not rich; their recognition ability is not high enough; and they tend to be subjective and one-sided when observing and analyzing things, and they are easily complacent. Therefore, it is important to establish the learning concept of lifelong learning for the future social development of University students.

3. To cultivate the spirit of autonomy and self-sufficiency and independent learning ability of modern University students. After entering University, the way of learning has changed greatly, and the way of teaching has changed from step-by-step and indoctrination in secondary school to guidance, inspiration and cultivation of independent learning ability in University. In terms of organization and management, it has also changed from relying mainly on teachers' guidance and supervision in secondary schools to relying mainly on their own time to study. This series of changes make modern University students uncomfortable with University life. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate the correct mentality of modern University students to love learning and their majors, and to provide systematic professional ideology education to the entering freshmen in a targeted way, so as to improve students' understanding and confidence in their majors by telling them about the social development of their majors, the demand for talents, the advantages of their majors, the employment of school graduates and the recognition of the society. At the same time, students should have a clear study goal, so that they have a clear study purpose as soon as they enter the school. In addition to the systematic theoretical knowledge of the major, it is more important to cultivate the spirit of independence and independent learning ability of modern University students.

4. To create a professional team of psychological counseling for modern University students and strengthen career planning education. The school's psychological counseling team should be more professional and vocational, and should establish a database; pay attention to the study of the psychology of each student in the class; analyze their character, study, life and personality, and understand their study motivation, study attitude, study psychological barriers and study habits. We can provide them with psychological counseling through colorful and lively educational methods such as thematic class meetings, individual conversations, and in-depth dormitory talks.

To sum up, we should correctly understand and view the distinctive mental characteristics and learning behaviors of modern University students, and provide them with positive mental health education and learning concept education, helping them overcome their learning cognitive bias, cultivating their independent and self-reliant spirit and self-learning ability, so as to help them become useful pillars of today's society as soon as possible. This process requires long-term efforts and practices of educators, so educators also need to maintain a persistent heart.

References / Список литературы

1. Zhang Jun. The current situation and prospect of China's college students' mental health education research [J]. Journal of Changchun University, 2017. 27(8): 47-50.

2. Zhao Wei. Innovative analysis of psychological education of college students in the new era [J]. Tourism Overview, 2017 (12):228-230.

3. Wang Yanxia, Wang Lina. Attaching great importance to college students' mental health education [J]. Higher Vocational Education in Land and Resources, 2012. 12(10): 35-37.

4. Zhao Yong. On Learning Behavior and Effectiveness-An Investigation of English Majors' Learning Behavior in Chinese Universities[J]. An investigation of the learning behavior of English majors in Chinese universities[J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1991:1-4.

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