Relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation of Ukrainian students youth

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Relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation of Ukrainian students youth

Iryna Bulakh

Doctor of Sciences in Psychology, Professor,

Dean of the Faculty of Psychology

National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Kyiv, Ukraine

Liubov Spivak

National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Kyiv, Ukraine

Abstract

The strong relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation ensure the stability of the nation. Group identity and cultural value orientations intensively develop during the youth period. The aim of the article is to empirical study of the relationship between cultural value orientations and the national affiliation of Ukrainian students of domestic higher education institutions. To achieve this aim, the questionnaire of cultural value orientations (Schwartz Value Survey), modified method of “Ethnic affiliation” and methods of mathematical statistics was applied. The study was attended by a students of higher educational institutions of Kyiv city, who came to study from different cities and villages of the country. It was established that all students provided the greatest importance to cultural value orientations of the pole with “egalitarianism”, the smallest with “hierarchy”. It was established that the largest number of students differ in the average level of national affiliation, much less - low and lowest - high.

It was proved that the strength and direction of the relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation for students are different. For students who came to study from the cities, there are strong and positive relationship between the cultural value orientations of the poles “embeddedness”, “hierarchy”, “harmony”, “egalitarianism”, “mastery” and “affective autonomy” and national affiliation. For these students, the relationship between cultural value orientations of the “intellectual autonomy” pole and the national affiliation is weak. For students who came to study from the villages, the strong and direct relationship of the cultural value orientations of the poles “egalitarianism” and “embeddedness” and the national affiliation are identified. For these students, a strong and reverse relationship of cultural value orientations to the pole of “affective autonomy” with national affiliation is established. Also, the reverse relationship of cultural value orientations of the poles “intellectual autonomy”, “mastery”, “hierarchy”, and “harmony” and the national affiliation is noted to be weak. So, for students who came to study from the cities, a strong the strength the relationship between the largest number cultural value orientations and national affiliation are identified.

Keywords: cultural value orientations, hierarchy, national affiliation, city, village, higher education institutions, students.

Анотація

Взаємозв'язок між культурними ціннісними орієнтаціями і національною афіліацією в української студентської молоді

Ірина Булах

доктор психологічних наук, професор, декан факультету психології

Національний педагогічний університет імені М. П. Драгоманова Україна, м. Київ

Любов Співак

Національний педагогічний університет імені М. П. Драгоманова Україна, м. Київ

Сильний зв'язок між культурними ціннісними орієнтаціями і національною афіліацією забезпечує стабільність нації. В студентському віці інтенсивно розвивається групова ідентичність і культурні ціннісні орієнтації особистості. Метою статті є емпіричне вивчення зв'язку між культурними ціннісними орієнтаціями і національною афіліацією українських студентів вітчизняних закладів вищої освіти. Для досягнення цієї мети застосовувалися опитувальник культурних ціннісних орієнтацій (SchwartzValueSurvey), модифікована методика «Етнічна афіліація» і методи математичної статистики. В дослідженні взяли участь студенти закладів вищої освіти міста Києва, які приїхали навчатися з різних міст і сіл країни. Виявлено, що найбільш важливим для всіх студентів є полюс «рівноправність», найменш важливим - «ієрархія». У більшої кількості студентів рівень національної афіліації є середнім, значно меншої - низьким і найменшої - високим. Сила і напрямки зв'язків між культурними ціннісними орієнтаціями і національною афіліацією студентів різні. Для студентів, які приїхали навчатися з міст, визначено сильні й прямі зв'язки культурних ціннісних орієнтацій полюсів «належність», «ієрархія», «гармонія», «рівноправність», «майстерність / домінування» й «афективна автономія» з національною афіліацією. Слабким для цих студентів є зв' язок культурних ціннісних орієнтацій полюсу «інтелектуальна автономія» з національною афіліацією. Для студентів, які приїхали навчатися із сіл, зафіксовано сильні та додатні зв'язки культурних ціннісних орієнтацій полюсів «рівноправність» і «належність» із національною афіліацією. Для цих студентів сильним і оберненим є зв' язок культурних ціннісних орієнтацій полюсу «афективна автономія» з національною афіліацією. В них помічено слабкий і обернений зв'язок культурних ціннісних орієнтацій полюсів «інтелектуальна автономія», «майстерність / домінування», «ієрархія», «гармонія» з національною афіліацією. Отже, сильний зв'язок між багатьма культурними ціннісними орієнтаціями і національною афіліацією констатовано в студентів, які приїхали навчатися з міст.

Ключові слова: культурні ціннісні орієнтації, ієрархія, національна афіліація, місто, село, заклади вищої освіти, студентська молодь.

Introduction

Intensification of global processes in the modern world and Ukrainian integration to European sociocultural space actualize the research of Ukrainian nation stability update. The basic factor of nation stability is the hierarchy of cultural value orientations of its young representatives (Schwartz, 2013) that also important in condition of intensification of the processes of academic mobility and academic migration in Ukrainian institutions of higher education (Savenkova&Svyrydenko, 2018). The period of late youth age (students' age) is the most susceptible to social and political transformation processes that are taking place in the state and can have the major impact on the hierarchy of cultural value orientations of its young representatives. Group identity intensively development during the youth period. The State Concept of National and Patriotic Upbringing of Children and Youth put a focus on the importance of values preservation among young generation. In the context of outstanding projections and raising the role of education in the zivilization development of society (Андрущенко&Буглак, 2018), the importance of research on the development of such psychic processes that lead to nation stability among Ukrainian students comes up in the domestic psychological science.

An analysis of modern foreign and domestic scientific psychological research on the issues of values for Schwartz' theory among university students has made it possible to establish that scholars weren't deeply interested in its aspects. Namely, the relationships between personal values, subjective well-being and destination-loyalty intentions of international students of higher education institutions (Jamaludin, Sam, Sandal, et al, 2016); the relationships between personal values and subjective well-being of students of higher education institutions in Macedonia and Ukraine (Romanyuk, Dimitrova &Spasovski, 2014).

Analysis of the latest domestic scientific psychological research on the development of cultural value orientations of Ukrainian students in the context of increasing the stability of the nation allowed to establish that scientists studied only its separate aspects. Namely, the age dynamics of the development of cultural value orientations (or cultural values of the group level) in Ukrainian students (Спивак, 2014). At the same time, during the period of late youth, the result of identification processes associated with the assimilation and understanding of societal values is not only ensuring the normal functioning of the individual of this age in society and appropriating a number of societal norms and rules, but also designing his own mindset, position and individual system values. The acute need of youth to preserve their individuality, their own “I” and personally answer for themselves, their actions leads to the individualization of the learned norms of behavior and values (Булах, 2016).

Focus on the group (including on the nation) or on the personality leads to the consolidation of natioaffiliations' motives in the system of values of the student youth. National affiliation is the desire of the personality to belong to a specific nation, or rather, the desire for psychological unity with representatives of this nation. This desire is due to the personalities need for social protection, stability, which can ensure belonging to a particular nation. But national identity is one of the most important means of orientation and the achievement of social goals by a personality in a complex multinational modern world. The level of national affiliation presents the degree of a personalities propensity to comply with established national rules and regulations; degree of subordination of persons interests to national (Солдатова, 1998).

So, students age is sensitive for the assimilation of society values and the formation of a system of personalities value orientations, in which cultural values takes the key role.

The theoretical analysis showed that outside the scientific interest of psychologists there was a research about the relationship of cultural value orientations and national affiliation of Ukrainian students, considering where they came to study from - cities or villages, that is, how they were raised before entering the higher educational institution.

The aim of the article is to establish the features of the relationship between cultural value orientations and the national affiliation of Ukrainian students of domestic higher education institutions in an urban society. According to our assumption, the strength and direction of the relationship between cultural value orientations and the national affiliation is different for students who come to study from cities in the country and for students who come to study from villages. To achieve this aim, the following tasks were solved: 1) an empirical study of the hierarchy of cultural value orientations among students who came to study from cities and villages of the country; 2) an empirical study of national affiliation from students who came to study from cities and villages of the country; 3) determining the strength and direction of the relationship between cultural value orientations and the national affiliation of students who came to study from cities and villages of the country.

Research methods

For an empirical study of the hierarchy of students cultural value orientations, the adapted questionnaire of cultural value orientations by the author Sh. Schwartz (SVS - Schwartz Value Survey) (Співак, 2015; Татарко &Лебедева, 2011) was applied. The choice of this questionnaire was due to a number of advantages compared with other methods of studying cultural value orientations. Thus, a sufficiently large number of cultural value orientations made it possible to investigate such orientations in detail and determine their hierarchy. The cultural value orientations or cultural values of the group level presented in the questionnaire reflect the main ways for society to solve the basic problems of regulating human activity. Such methods are implemented in three dimensions, in which different cultures differ from each other.

The first dimension represents the essence of the interactions between a person and a group. Its poles are “autonomy” (“affective autonomy” - diversity of life, pleasure, “intellectual autonomy” - open-mindedness, curiosity, creativity) and “embeddedness” (social order, respect for tradition, security, duty, wisdom). The second dimension concerns the provision of socially responsible human behavior. The poles of this dimension are “hierarchy” (social power, authority, humility, wealth) and “egalitarianism” (equality, social justice, responsibility, helping others, honesty). The third dimension is related to the regulation of the attitude of a personality to his natural and social environment. Its poles are “harmony” (peace on Earth, unity with nature, environmental protection) and “mastery” (ambition, competence, success) (Schwartz, 2006). Each statement of the questionnaire is relevant to the values of these poles.

To establish statistical differences between the obtained quantitative data of cultural value orientations, which came to study from cities and villages of the country, the Student's t-criterion was used. The value of t at p < 0.01 affected *; at p < 0.05 - **.

For the purpose of empirical research of national affiliation of students who came to study from cities and villages of the country, we used the modified method of “Ethnic affiliation” (authored by H. Soldatova and S. Ryzhova) (Солдатова, 1998; Співак, 2015). According to the results of applying this method, the level of respondents' national affiliation trends was determined. The statistical significance of the differences between the levels of national affiliation of students who came to study from cities and villages was established using the R. Fisher's criterion ф*. The criterion value ф * at p < 0.01 marked *, at p < 0.05 - **.

To determine the strength and direction of the relationship of the cultural value orientations and the national affiliation of students, who came to study from cities and villages of the country, the K. Pearson's correlation coefficient r.

Results and discussions

The study, which has been conducted during 2018-2019, was attended by 182 Ukrainians students of higher educational institutions of Kyiv city, who came to study from different regions of the country. Out of these, before the start of training in higher education institutions, 92 respondents lived in cities and 90 - in villages. Their age is from 17 to 19 years.

The results of solving the first issue in the hierarchy of cultural value orientations of domestic students who came to study in higher educational institutions from different cities and villages of Ukraine, as well as statistical differences between them are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 Quantitative data of the hierarchy of cultural value orientations of students (data in average values of ranks) n=182