Professional deformation

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Introduction

What is professional deformation?

Dйformation professionnelle is a French phrase, meaning a tendency to look at things from the point of view of one's own profession rather than from a broader perspective. It is often translated as "professional deformation" or "job conditioning". The implication is that professional training, and its related socialization, often result in a distortion of the way one views the world.

professional deformation burnout syndrome

History

First, the term "professional deformation" was introduced as a symbol of Pitirim Sorokin negative impact on the professional activities of the person. Professional deformation described in the works of such scholars as Gellershteyn SG (1930), AK Markova (1996), EF Zeer (1999, 2003). Professor R. final and Dr. M. Bouhal (60 years of the twentieth century) believed that the tendency to deformation observed in certain professions, "whose representatives have difficult to control and difficult to restrict the power."

People can be held in their profession, to develop my work and to benefit the people through their activities. Often, however, long-term (over 5 years) performance of the same professional activity leads to the emergence of professional fatigue. At some point, people have the feeling that something in his life was going wrong. The key to unlocking can serve their chosen specialty, which, as they say, sometimes able to "cripple" the man and the lack of career growth and other reasons.

Experts say that often anyway profession affects the character of the person changes his behavior in General. There are cases when the characteristics of professional activity not only help a person to develop, but also contribute to degradation as a specialist, changing characteristic of the profession professionally important qualities (loac) in the opposite direction. This can lead to ineffective and even socially dangerous to the performance of professional duties.

Duties deformation - the head does not limit the powers of his office , he has a tendency to suppress another person , intolerance to other opinion , disappears ability to see their mistakes , self-criticism , there is confidence that his own opinion only right . Occurs most often .

Adaptive distortion - passive adaptation to the specific conditions of the person activity , resulting in one develops a high level of conformity, he adopts unconditionally accepted in the organization behavior. At a deeper level, the employee deformation appear significant and sometimes wearing a pronounced negative changes in personality traits , including authoritativeness , low emotionality , rigidity.

Professional degradation - an extreme degree of professional deformation , when a person changes the moral value systems , it becomes professionally untenable.

The term "professional deformation"

Professional deformation - changing qualities, coming under the influence of the performance of professional activities, manifested in professional jargon, manners, behaviour, physical appearance.

Professional deformation is a list of the phenomena of socio - psychological nature, to which include all violations of the rules (ethical, legal, activity and service, etc.), and which can only be made the subject of a professional, a specialist in a particular area.

The term "professional deformation" is quite a good metaphor, on the basis of which to construct the model, clearly describing the mechanism of the distorting influence of professional activity. To do this, imagine a production process of manufacture of any product using extrusion.

Considering professional deformation, in General terms, E. F. Zeer notes: "...many Years of performing the same professional activity leads to the emergence of professional fatigue, deterioration of the repertoire of methods of performing the activity, the loss of professional skills, performance.

Professional deformation occurs in most professions in the scheme of "man-man" (doctors, teachers, psychologists, police officers, etc.)

Causes of deformation

One of the most frequent causes of professional deformation , as experts say - this is the specific immediate environment , which is forced to have intercourse specialist professional , as well as the specifics of its activities. Another equally important reason is the professional deformation of the division of labor and increasing specialization of professionals . Daily work , for many years, typical problems of not only improving professional knowledge, but also generates professional habits , stereotypes, the style of thinking and communication styles

In the psychological literature there are three groups of factors leading to the emergence of professional deformation : the pressures caused by the specifics of the factors of personal property , the factors of socio- psychological nature.

Stereotypes

The stereotype of " the chief must be tough , hard, persistent " changes the structure of administrative interaction , translating it to mode penalty of misdemeanor writ communication.

The stereotype of " the boss is always right" adversely affects the independence of decisions and judgments employee generates a lack of initiative , waiting orders and instructions from management.

Stereotype dogmatic repetition generates orders for installation mindless execution of any order of the chief , often leads to intrapersonal conflicts if there own opinion on the need to act differently .

Stereotype of the " little man" leads to a reduction of professional self- manifestation of the lack of conformity and their own judgments on a particular business issues .

The stereotype of the "optimal" role behavior often acts as a mechanism of adaptive behavior to specific situations and specific office professional actions . So threatening and aggressive behavior is considered as optimal for the testimony of the suspect , etc.

The stereotype of " finding of guilt" justifies all actions in finding the perpetrator, his punishment , etc. In this work to identify the true causes of inefficiency recedes into the background , and its shortcomings are not opened .

Professional deformation doctor

Doctors often feel cynical black humour, for whom "nothing is sacred". The medical profession is a huge responsibility and constant stress, so professional deformation is a kind of defense mechanism. Cynicism unconsciously transferred to a personal communication, and forced indifference to the misfortunes of others and restraint of emotions are transferred to their own problems and the problems of loved ones.

Professional deformation of the doctor is that under normal handshake he mentally evaluates Your heart rate, the degree of moisture of the skin and body temperature. In a non-situation begins to investigate the relationship between appearance and possible human diseases, it is possible to give advice.

The doctor has a certain power over patients, therefore, he is also exposed to the risk of deformation. On Jores power should be used only in good order. Professional deformation develops, as a rule, gradually from professional adaptation.

Professional adaptation is necessary for a health professional. The doctors, nurses and support staff who at the beginning of his professional activity very rapidly experienced all the events that seriously affect the psyche of patients, for example, suffering and death of patients, surgery, bleeding, symptoms of mental illness, etc., gradually develop a certain emotional resilience. In severe dramatic situations, when the patient's life is at risk, the doctor will likely be able to analyze and assess the situation, to make judgements and to act. Medical students after a few hours or a few days stay in sectional hall out of the more or less significant mental turmoil that arose from them when you first visit the room where there were many human corpses, and proceed to business the study of anatomy. Although a certain degree of emotional resilience necessary and understandable, yet in the minds of doctors and health workers must remain forever the ability to understand a patient as a suffering person and a dead body as his last remains, deserving of respect. It is a necessary part not only of man but also the professional level of the doctor.

One of the first places on the risk of professional deformation takes the medical profession. His working day is close communication with people, mostly patients, requiring constant care and attention. When faced with negative emotions, the doctor unwittingly and involuntarily involved in them, which begins to experience increased emotional stress. Good psychological contact with the patient interferes with professional deformation of a doctor. It does not give or rather to collect anamnesis, to gain a fuller and deeper knowledge about the patient. Violates the relationship of the "doctor-patient".

"Burnout syndrome"

It is a specific professional deformation of a doctor. "Burnout syndrome" manifests itself in the feeling of mental exhaustion, the effectiveness of professional interaction decreases. The doctor is not able to surrender completely to work, reduced self-esteem, activity is perceived as not sufficiently successful.

1.A feeling of indifference, emotional exhaustion, exhaustion (the person may not be given as it was before)

2.Dehumanization (the development of negative attitudes towards their colleagues and clients)

3.Negative self-image as a professional - a lack of a sense of professional skills.

Anxiety doctor

This is another feature of a doctor that can destroy his communication with the patient.Depression is associated with the experience of the past, when in imagination again and again appear the images experienced conflicts, traumatic events. The past is represented by a continuous chain of failures and trouble, forming a sense of despair, of hopelessness, which is projected into the future.

The doctor, having a tendency to depressive reactions, is not credible patient. The attending physician for any, very little failure, inaccuracy, reacts with guilt. The patient begins to suspect him of incompetence, ceases to believe him.

Immersed in their own experiences, the doctor may not see improvement in the condition of the patient, the time does not support it,stressing the symptoms of recovery and, on the contrary, "infects" your sick dreary hopelessness, destroying the positive effects of therapy.

The introversion of the doctor

This is another psychological characteristics that lead to professional deformation

the doctor and hinder the establishment of a trusting relationship "doctor-patient".

Introversion is defined as the orientation of the subject to itself, its orientation to their own feelings, experiences, cognitive structures in their own way, subjectively interprets the surrounding world.

Introverted doctor immersed in his psychological world, busy with themselves, their feelings, ideas, impressions, not much interested in other people, detecting helplessness in situations that require interaction and cooperation with others.

Introversion is accompanied by a lack of intuition, sensitivity, tact in interpersonal relationships, low levels of empathy with impaired ability to respond to the pain and suffering of another person, to respond to the concern and alarm. These qualities make it difficult establishing psychological contact with patients, a relationship with him.

Affiliate - the human desire to be in the company of other people - in the doctor helps to keep alive interest in the patients, the desire to help them and to cooperate with them, and also protects from professional deformation of a doctor.

Factors associated with increased risk of deformities in doctors

-high intensity of work, lack of adequate rest, long working hours (duty)

-monotony of work, unclear goal lack of opportunities for career and personal

-growth of ineffective leadership (disrespect of employees, non-recognition of their merits, tolerating immoral actions, initiatives criticism, lack of attention to domestic issues)

-custom warehouse person with a predominance of dedication and a romantic relationship to the profession

For prevention and treatment of chronic fatigue and burn out in various techniques available. Relaxation techniques often recommended, but their efficiency is low. Usually, after a welcome rest relaxation does not occur, the mere prospect of entering the job causes unpleasant feelings and irritation. Measures are much more effective relaxation, if they are organized management of the company, as it is rated as a sign of respect for the employees and their care

The most important factor in preventing burnout is likely to be considered meeting the need for self-actualization, which is the central concept of humanistic psychology . In the professional activities of the movement to self- promote career development, training , development of new techniques and equipment , the ability to express themselves in the training of young professionals ( mentoring ) , writing recommendations and guidelines , lecturing . It is important that these activities do not become boring ritual. Formalism standard cycle training , no real benefit from them only demoralize students , reinforce the sense of hopelessness .

Conclusion

Specialty physician medical examiner classified as medical specialties, practical activity which is associated with the development of the various manifestations of chronic stress and arising in connection with this syndrome" emotional burnout " as a means of psychological protection . The study of this syndrome in different groups of forensic adversely affecting the performance of their official duties, to date, is one of the most pressing problems, the solution of which will develop a methodology , techniques and tools of professional psychological selection , methods and criteria for assessing personality changes forensic medical expert at various stages of his career.

In the first years of independent professional activity young doctor, in an effort to help the patient, experiencing increased responsibility for their actions. Because of the lack of confidence in the professionalism, experience undue emotional stress that prevent effective communication between doctor and patient and leading to a professional deformation.

References

1. Markov A. the Psychology of professionalism,1996

2. Zeer E. f Psychology professions,1997

3. www.medpsy.ru

4. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki

5. http://www.forens-med.ru/book.php?id=1970

6. http://www.psyobsor.org/1998/27/1-1.htm

Размещено на Allbest.ru