Factors that destructively impact on the development of digital government at central and local levels of public authorities in Ukraine

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FACTORS THAT DESTRUCTIVELY IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL GOVERNMENT AT CENTRAL AND LOCAL LEVELS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN UKRAINE

Zaporozhets T.V.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the factors that destructively affect the development of digital governance at central and local levels of public authority in Ukraine. The problem of digital inequality, imbalance in the use of digital technologies in the public sector at central and local levels is analyzed. Imperfect legal support for the development of digital governance in Ukraine has been established. On the basis of the conducted research, the factors contributing to the reform of the system of public authorities have been identified: development of the Internet, technological advances in the field of science and technology, the need to change the traditional system of activity of public authorities in connection with the processes of globalization and integration into the European community; legal documents implemented in Ukraine to bring the activities of public authorities closer to effective and transparent governance.

Keywords: digital technologies, digital competencies, public authorities, digital governance.

Formulation of the problem. Dynamic implementation of digital governance technologies at all levels of public administration should increase the efficiency of government and local governments and reach a new level of governance based on the principles of efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, openness, accessibility and accountability, and improve the quality of public service delivery natural and legal persons in accordance with European requirements, as well as provide the necessary mobility and competitiveness of citizens and businesses in today's economic environment. However, there are still a number of problems that need to be addressed in the wake of such a revolutionary, proactive digital governance path in Ukraine. In general, they are known, so we will single out the most relevant ones [1, p. 74].

Analysis of recent research and publications.

Problems of digital governance, the potential of knowledge and human capital were investigated in the works of such scientists as: D. Andreev, V. Bun, O. Golobutsky, D. Dubov, O. Karpenko, I. Klimenko, S. Knyaz, V. Kuybida, V. Lytvyn, Y.Nikolsky, V. Pasichnyk, O. Ryzhenko, Y. Sytnik, and others.

Scientists justify the components of digital governance and identify the latest technologies used in digital governance at central and local levels of public authority in Ukraine.

The purpose of the article is to investigate the factors that are destructively affecting the development of digital governance at central and local levels of public authority in Ukraine.

Presenting main material. In Ukraine, the level of unified coordination, control and interaction of clients of tasks and projects in the field of information and development of digital governance remains low, which means that a considerable part of resources - personnel, financial, material and technical - is spent inefficiently. Added to this is the low level of public participation and control over activities in this area. This, in turn, causes poor quality and effectiveness of projects and tasks in this field, critical attitude of domestic and foreign donors to new projects and programs in the field of public sector informatization, etc. In this context, one should also mention the problem of digital inequality, the imbalance in the use of digital technologies in the public sector at central and local levels. There remains controversial and imperfect regulatory support for the development of digital governance in Ukraine.

An outdated regulatory framework hinders the introduction of modern digital technologies into public administration, and the controversies found in practice in legislation remain unaddressed for a long time. Everywhere, and especially at regional and local levels, an obstacle to the active development of digital governance is the lack of basic information and telecommunications infrastructure as a technological basis for the implementation of all projects and tasks in this field. It also adds to the poor quality of management of the development, implementation, maintenance and operation of information and telecommunication systems and resources of public authorities. Such systems and resources are often created as a result of individual initiatives, to solve particular current tasks and sometimes do not even agree with each other [2, p. 81].

On the whole, in Ukraine, digitalisation of the public sector in individual administrative-territorial units, branches is marked by different indicators of the dynamics of development, the scope of coverage of citizens, organizations, institutions and enterprises, the degree of achievement of certain goals, etc. In view of the last comment, the issue of the lack of automated data exchange and interoperability between information and telecommunication systems of public authorities should be reiterated. Some efforts have already been made to address this issue in Ukraine, but this work has not been systematic and targeted.

In practice, there is evidence of low rates of introduction of electronic forms of interaction between public authorities and individuals and legal entities. Most often this concerns the provision of electronic services and access to public information, in particular in the form of open data [3, p. 23].

The issues of providing administrative services, full interaction of public authorities with citizens and businesses on various issues in electronic form are hampered, among other things, because of the unresolved issues of electronic identification and authentication of individuals and legal entities when interacting with public authorities, which is a practical use many digital governance tools. The pace of development of internal systems of electronic document circulation and modern information and analytical tools for supporting managerial decisionmaking in public authorities remain.

Particular attention should be paid to the implementation of these instruments at the local level, especially in the newly created united territorial communities. It is here that, in the process of decentralization, the local public administration system is essentially re-emerging, which requires the immediate introduction of modern digital governance technologies. Today, the problem of low level of information security and information protection in the information and telecommunication systems of public authorities is also urgent. In addition, the further development and expansion of digital ordering systems will only increase the weight of the security component among the issues of ensuring their current functioning [4, p. 48].

And, of course, one of the important issues is the low level of readiness of some public officials, individuals and legal entities for the implementation and use of digital governance tools. However, now it is not just a matter of raising the issue of training and improving the skills of public servants in the use of digital technologies in the activities of public authorities. The current and potentially necessary dynamics of change in this area requires that every public official undergoes training in the issues of implementation, use and development of digital governance (within master's programs or specialized professional training programs), and short-term professional development every three years [5, c. 124].

The issues outlined concern the most important components of digital governance implementation and development in Ukraine at the present stage, but they do not exhaust all existing ones in this area. However, trying to postpone their solutions, avoid them, ignore existing calls will only increase and scale these problems. That is why only choosing the path of dynamic revolutionary active change will overcome the existing problems and achieve in Ukraine a proper European level of public administration and democracy.

The maturity of the digital government tends to depend on the national economy, social and demographic levels of development. They show that industrialized nations whose citizens benefit from great resources, free access to information, and more open relations with their governments are leading the way [6].

the public's commitment to political decision-making make the urgent need for the development of digital governance in Ukraine. The practical essence of digital government is to bring together all the institutions of the government at the expense of new digital technologies, integrate internal processes and provide feedback to communities.

The positive point is the interest of the population in the form of non-governmental non-governmental organizations, the active development of such governance. However, despite the existing legal framework, internal factors, population interest and world trends, the pace of development of such digital governance is insufficient and does not meet the needs of the population and the available potential of the state. The implementation of such a system requires a large turnover of internal work, sufficient funding and considerable political will [7, p. 112].

In the period of public needs for reform, it must be understood that a quality implementation of the digital government is a quality reform of public administration in the post-industrial stage of society and relatively large information needs. Another argument for the need for such a system is the understanding that the effectiveness of public administration is directly proportional to interaction with citizens and the needs of citizens and businesses.

The transition to electronic document flow is the most advanced and significant option for improving the efficiency of government agencies. However, it should be noted that the implementation of such a workflow requires not only time, but computing, relevant specialists, software and high computerization. It should also be understood that the transparency guaranteed by digital governance is not determined solely by the institution's electronic interface. This is a profound reformation of traditional functioning, monitoring and control over discipline and decisions [8, p. 9].

One of the challenges of digital governance is to provide the majority of the population with access to information about government activities and influence decision-making. However, in practice, the information received by the population is dosed and its presentation is pre-determined within the framework required by the authorities. It should also be noted that while there is such a need for population reform in government institutions, not all citizens have the necessary skills to use the new system. Educational programs are needed for citizens and institutions, which will not only help to understand the algorithm of use, but also remind of the benefits of such proceedings. The readiness of the public and government for such reform demonstrates the successful implementation of digital democracy at the present stage.

The assessment of the state of development of digital transformations in Ukraine shows that the country is modernizing and adjusting (in line with current trends) its regulatory framework, developing technological clusters and forming strategic documents in the field of digital transformation. Despite some steps towards transparency and openness of the

Government and its decisions, it is noted that the legislative framework for regulating the process of digital economy development in Ukraine is insufficiently developed today, and the nature of the interaction of participants of this process is uncertain. Digital development issues should be presented in the legal field of the country, especially in the areas of public services, small and medium-sized enterprises, consumer market, health care, creation of information- analytical systems for their provision and more. The analysis of the existing legislative framework of Ukraine shows that the legislative reflection of these issues is fragmentary and situational. At the same time, the legal documents defining the strategic vectors for the development of the information sphere are mostly outdated (adopted more than 10-15 years ago) and little adapted to modern realities. A partial attempt to address this is the Government's efforts to implement the Digital Agenda for Ukraine 2020 as a strategy for building a modern digital society.

Thus, the documents adopted by the Government of Ukraine on the digitization of society form the basis for the transition of public authorities to the active use of innovative technologies in their activities and interaction with the citizens of Ukraine, which in turn forms a new paradigm of public governance - the intellectualization of state-administrative processes. The formation and development of digital infrastructure and integration into the global information society are prerequisites for sustainable development of the country.

In such circumstances, in order to successfully transform the activities of public authorities, Ukraine must ensure that normative and organizational changes are made that bring the country's public administration system closer to world standards. These changes should take place gradually and aim at improving the state apparatus of Ukraine.

Conclusions. Therefore, the need for a digital economy and society is recognized at the state level, and technological developments are seen as one of the key drivers of sustainable development. At the same time, the development of the digital economy is relevant to many issues of national regional policy that need to be addressed not only clearly but also systematically addressed. One of the issues is understanding the implications of the digital transition for policies related to areas such as: regional labor market, education and training, managerial innovation, industry development, competition, consumer protection, taxation, trade, environmental protection and energy efficiency as well as security, privacy and data protection regulations. Promoting the development of digital infrastructure in the least developed areas is a key factor in sustaining inclusiveness, while public authorities must also take a number of policy decisions to foster social and economic cohesion through new innovations that enable less-favored regions to catch up with more developed urban areas.

At the same time, it is justified that providing physical access to digital infrastructure is necessary but not sufficient, other supportive actions should be aimed at supporting digital literacy and inclusive education. There is a need to focus on both resource allocation and policy agendas, from “providing infrastructure and access” to “promoting the use of existing infrastructure to create value”, and from “hardware” to “human capital”. Innovation and collaboration should actively contribute to the creation of technologies that support efforts to bridge the digital divide.

Given the opportunities offered by decentralization reforms, special attention should be paid at regional level to such issues as: current trends in the development of digital transformation (digitization) in the region and improving the quality of life of the population as a condition for creating a comfortable environment; building a digital eco-environment in the region; support for startups in the digital economy; digital future and regional economic security. Strategic approaches by regional authorities to improve the transition to the digital economy should be infrastructure development and institutional support for the introduction of digital technologies. Of course, the implementation of each of these strategic approaches in a particular region must take into account their specificity and development features. digital technologie power informatization

List of references

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