Freedom of Assembly in Non-Democratic Regimes: Shifts in Policing Methods to Peaceful Protest as an Indication of Political Regime Change in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus

269. [5 канал]. (2013, November 29th) Євромайдан розігнали. Як це було. Сюжет [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HtbdFfaYUc

270. [5 канал]. (2013, November 30th) 30.11.2013 - "Беркут" жорстоко розігнав "Євромайдан" [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxvE0mSnGZs

271. [5 канал]. (2013, November 30th) РОЗГІН ЄВРОМАЙДАНУ - 30.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ib45-D2LS4

272. [5 канал]. (2014, January 24th) Побитий "Беркутом" козак живе на #Євромайдан'і [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rl6PzLyKt_s

273. [ALEKSANDR KOZACHENKO]. (2014, May 18th) Майдан, Беркут блокирует автомобили с колонками 29.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjfNr2Fs-7Q

274. [AMDavyXAM]. (2011, August 24th) 20 років Незалежності у Києві [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztSkjrt7FxI

275. [AMDavyXAM]. (2011, August 24th) Натовп ганяє "недоМЕРка" Попова, як шолудивого пса [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoV8MMvJuyo

276. [AMDavyXAM]. (2013, November 29th) Євромайдан, 29.11.2013, близько 18:00 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEBKLLLJXek

277. [AMDavyXAM]. (2013, November 29th) Євромайдан, 29.11.2013, близько 19:00 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjT_rCrEado

278. [AMDavyXAM]. (2013, November 30th) 30.11.2013: Євромайдан на Михайлівській [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHJfKu05b98

279. [AMDavyXAM]. (2013, November 30th) 30.11.2013: Євромайдан на Михайлівській [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHJfKu05b98

280. [AP Archive] (2015, July 30th) Thousands in Belarus protest against government [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=De89jJt748w

281. [AP Archive] (2016, November 17th) Rare Belarus protests ahead of election [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMGev8dS8Hc

282. [Abc news]. (2019, March 26). Thousands march in anti-coruption protests across Russia [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygsfgM5ycMA.

283. [Alan Goterfan]. (2013, November 30th) Штурм #Євромайдану 29.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnGAMMTq-QM

284. [Alex37529]. (2010, December 19th) Мінск Пошча. 19 снежня. Акцыя пратэсту [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hW80av3z8SE

285. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 11th) Мітинг 31 жовтня 2010 в Москві (1 частина) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZJRXAb9EqA

286. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 11th) Мітинг 31 жовтня 2010 в Москві (2 частина) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCQhnN2eN4I

287. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 11th) Мітинг 31 жовтня 2010 в Москві (3 частина) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xw1C3ldU2dA

288. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 11th) невдоволення результатами виборів не вщухає [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBth84_OnSU

289. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 1) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvA-wrjAv8w

290. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 2) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaNO1fBJ0rY

291. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 3) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUfnSsrrH28

292. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 4) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ma4d7awgWQE

293. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 5) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF_-3gyxJ0s

294. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 6) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcMcN5wEh4E

295. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 7) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRAqyhN0fQI

296. [Alexey223]. (2010, November 16th) Протест проти податкового кодексу 16.11.10 (Частина 7) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRAqyhN0fQI

297. [Andrey llyin]. (2013, January 13). Шествие против "закона подлецов" 13 января 2013 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCQ9JC8FBPM.

298. [Andriy Andrew]. (2013, December 2nd) Перед штурмом адміністрації президента. Беркут ховається за міліцією. Банкова 01.12.2013 Євромайдан [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cSCWiuNgI0

299. [Andriy Andrew]. (2013, November 29th) 29.11.2013 Гімн України на майдані Незалежності. Київ. Євромайдан. Руслана Лижичко [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGo1uveZU4k

300. [Arshynski]. (2010, December 19th) Неудавшийся белорусский Майдан 2010 года в Минске [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOAwi4brSkU

301. [Artem V.]. (2013, November 24th) Евромайдан 24 ноября 2013. Киев [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKk6tfTKDI4

302. [Artkabani] (2013, March 24th) День Воли 24.03.2013. Минск-печальный [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaZn3qsz53k

303. [Associated Press]. (2017, March 26). Raw: Arrest at Moscow Anti-Corruption Rally [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyQImOr-4vk.

304. [Asylum501]. (2009, January 21). Разгон "Марша несогласных" в Москве [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnJDRVcJV3I.

305. [BenderStadt]. (2014, February 18th) Евромайдан, Бои на майдане Незалежности [Киев, 18.02.2014] [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ-XlFwBXh8

306. [BenderStadt]. (2014, February 18th) Зачистка майдана [Киев, 18.02.2014] [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_civI_IpVlA

307. [Charter97video] (2013, March 25th) День Воли в Минске - Немига - БЧБ Флаг [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aWvHJXO4Uw

308. [Chivokunya]. (2011, August 24th) Відео УкрПравди: Бійка опозиції з Беркутом [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2LzKNLFtYk

309. [Coins Navigator UA]. (2014, February 18th) Столкновения на Институцкой и Шовковичной 18.02.2014 #євромайдан [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg6-i__aAY8

310. [Coins Navigator UA]. (2014, January 23rd) Грушевского Перемирие до 20.00. 23.01.2014 #Евромайдан #EuroMaydan #Євромайдан #Euromaidan [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGFM0jIrkpU

311. [Coins Navigator UA]. (2014, June 11th г.) Самооборона Майдана идёт на Верховную раду,девять утра 18.02.2014 #євромайдан [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw6Q3BY469M

312. [DDTxa]. (2014, February 18th) Атака Беркута на углу Институтской и Шелковичной 18.02.2014 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWygMHW8J-Q

313. [DM]. (2010, May 31st). Dispersal of the protest of the Russian opposition in the centre of Moscow [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgfNsT8vvHA.

314. [David Wallick]. (2013, November 30th) Maiden Nezalezhnosti, Kiev - Nov. 29, 2013 (2) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfTWnmpNzSo

315. [David Wallick]. (2013, November 30th) Maiden Nezalezhnosti, Kiev - Nov. 29, 2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4U6UPiZ1Wt0

316. [Deltrix2]. (2013, November 30th) 30.11.2013 Львів Євромайдан [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlCUidif4KY

317. [Dmitry Kogan] (2014, December 21). Protests against Bolotny process in Moscow 2014 /Приговор по Болотному делу 21 и 24 февраля 2014 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0r4yL0glBg.

318. [Dmitry Kolosocv]. (2011, December 10th). Nationalist in the protest rally, Moscow, Decmber 10 2011 [Video file].Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J22b94yPUQg.

319. [Dmitry Kolosocv]. (2011, December 10th). Protest rally in Moscow, Decmeber 10.2011. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFXcPGc5BII

320. [Donetsk Live]. (2015, April 22nd) Киев, забастовка шахтеров 22.04.05 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub8moaPfsn8

321. [Edmontonian03]. (2014, May 1st) Ніч з 29 на 30 листопада, 2013. Київ. Знищення політичних протестів, побиття людей [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXj1a9Pp3xI

322. [EnemyOpsBelNews+] (2014, May 29th) "Народныя гулянні-3"/ Minsk protests [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO4VvpDBG6s

323. [Euronews (in English)] (2017, March 26) Russian police detain hundreds during anti-corruption protest [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vq1NKB8XsLk

324. [Florinstudio] (2013, January 15) Марш против подлецов 13 января 2013 Москва (no comments. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lavw295qzcU&t=541s

325. [Franko TV]. (2013, November 29th) Облога #Євромайдану, Київ 29.11.13. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laUw7eQZlTo

326. [Freedomminsk] (2013, March 26th) День Воли В Минске 2013 Дзень Волi у Менску 2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEOi58feRtU

327. [Gannachka] (2011, June 22nd) 22.06.2011 Minsk protest [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wujsSZW6_Uc

328. [Gaybelarus] (2012, March 25th) День воли 2012. [Video File]. Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0PdV6eEMgI

329. [Gena Karpenko]. (2013, December 20th) Копия видео Евромайдан-Киев (Интер). 01.12.2013 год. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDGvneBpaoA

330. [Hromadske]. (2017, October 17th) Протесты в центре Киева: палаточный городок под Радой [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIBNDU8X4LA

331. [Igor Golovetskiy]. (2013, December 10th) Переговоры беркута при разгоне Евромайдана 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONCKU9WAhNg

332. [In time Ukraine LIVE]. (2019, December 17th) НАЖИВО | Під Верховною Радою мітинги, націоналісти та сутички. 17.12.2019 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SNRFDdQIDs

333. [Irina0471]. (2010, November 22nd) Акция протеста налогового кодекса Киев [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAv9W7tOnhA

334. [Irina0471]. (2010, November 22nd) Акция протеста против налогового кодекса Киев [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nj1URY49jiQ

335. [Ivan Vedenin] (2012, March 26th) День Воли 25.03.2012. Шествие. [Video File]. Retreived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sz5V5pOgfbk

336. [Jeansbelarus]. (2008, October 3rd) Дзень Волі 2007 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwpOakx4oZY

337. [Jeansbelarus]. (2008, September 27th) Belarus Freedom [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGnhkoVnc4U

338. [John Smith] (2012, Febuary 4th). Moscow meeting yakimanka and Bolotnaya 4 feb.2012 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNpHKuzj_7E

339. [Kateryna Avramchuk]. (2011, August 25th) День Незалежності(сутичка)2011 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdeC6jMmF4w

340. [Kyivpostcom]. (2011, August 24th) KyivPost: Бійка на День незалежності [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuDilQJvFDA

341. [Lexonivm]. (2011, Dececember 10th) Moscow protest against rigged state duma elections, 10th of December, 2011. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sB9b7MIKzE

342. [Lidiia Oso]. (2018, September 16th) «Евромайдан» Euromaidan Украина (2013) Хронология событий. Дата 01.12.2013 - 7 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxDVG6fOkoM

343. [Lukachannel] (2011, June 22nd) 22.06.11 молчаливый протест в минске #3 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAnZcWveQCQ

344. [MVRU] (2012, May 6th) Митинг на Болотной Прорыв кольца оцепления - 6 Мая 2012 [Video File]Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymHnbe_xBDs

345. [Maidan PressCenter]. (2014, August 29th) Побиття студентів з 29 на 30 листопада 2013р. Фрагмент з фільму Pray for Ukraine [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yM6VvwV5b3w

346. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) NEO NAZI PAID PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev, Ukraine - Part VII [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTswj0lZ6V4

347. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) POLICE PROTECT POT PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev Ukraine - Part II [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_wY-Sh-Lxc

348. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) POLICE PROTECT POT PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev Ukraine - Part IV [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=me_MnpBye2g

349. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) POLICE PROTECT POT PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev, Ukraine - Part I [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSaB9ijBx5w

350. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) POLICE PROTECT POT PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev, Ukraine - Part III [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg1FmZsRXIg

351. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) POLICE PROTECT POT PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev, Ukraine - Part V [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EAqXQrIBhY

352. [Marijuana420medicine]. (2009, March 8th) POLICE PROTECT POT PROTESTERS - Global Marijuana March - May 2, 2009 - Kiev, Ukraine - Part VI [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZA3nZtzBNg

353. [MiloradovProduction]. (2015, November 28th) Майдан. 1 грудня 2013 Початок революції - марш протесту [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_gxor5_BIA

354. [Mkbb1]. (2011, December 10th). Митинг на Болотной площади 2011-12-10 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuDZzVIrkwQ

355. [Mota1945]. (2010, November 25th) Киев 22.11.2010 Акция протеста против налогового кодекса [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAYvRDN-dwY

356. [MsUpucka]. (2013, December 1st) Євромайдан. Руслана - Гімн. 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWIuFxroOx8

357. [NEWSONE]. (2019, December 17th) Активисты побили полицию палками и разбили окна гостиницы "Киев" 17.12.19 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7NLfmOeQSg

358. [NN Video TV] (2011, June 29th) "Народныя гулянні-3"/ Minsk protests [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYn8BNXYImg

359. [NN Video TV] (2011, June 29th) Мінск. народныя гулянні 29.06.2011 / Minsk Protests. 3. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLSzWbAOuXM

360. [NN Video TV] (2011, June 29th) Народныя гулянні-3"/ Minsk protests [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYn8BNXYImg

361. [NN Video TV] (2011, June 29th):Мінск. народныя гулянні 29.06.2011 /Minsk Protests. 3. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLSzWbAOuXM

362. [NN Video TV] (2016, February 22nd) Другі пратэст прадпрымальнікаў на Кастрычніцкай [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiAKSUj0XVs

363. [NN Video TV]. (2008, March 25th) Dzen Voli / Freedom Day [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuaON6nSECw

364. [NN Video TV]. (2009, February 16th) Дзень Салідарнасці / Solidarity Day [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0p-Fgwty-PE

365. [NN Video TV]. (2009, February 17th) NearBy: Solidarity Day In Minsk [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIUvKNEJJtk

366. [NN Video TV]. (2011, June 22nd) "Народныя гулянні-2"/ Minsk protests [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_cGQCxoaoA

367. [Naviny.by] (2017, March 25th) День Воли в Минске завершился массовыми задержаниями [Video File] Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m61LcfktHxs

368. [NevexTV].(2013, Janurary 13) МАРШ ПРОТИВ ПОДЛЕЦОВ. Москва, 13 января 2013 года [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x_TA8elPrg

369. [NevexTv] (2014, March 15) Марш Мира - Москва - 15 03 14 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI0S2VKE91g

370. [Oleg Kozlovsky]. (2010, December 22nd) Разгон акции протеста и зачистка. Минск, 19 декабря 2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bohYYZzIcls

371. [Oleg V]. (2014, February 20th) Майдан Киев Мариинский парк Разгон Активистов ЕвроМайдана ЖЕСТЬ 18 02 2014г [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lflfKZ6ioEU

372. [Oleg polevoy].(2015, October 16th) Драка ОМОНа и оппозиции на Болотной площади 6 мая (Протестное движение в России 2011 - 2013) [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AoSZyCWipo

373. [Oleksandr Matsepura]. (2018, February 18th) 18.02.2018. Київ Хода та Віче "МАРШ ЗА МАЙБУТНЄ"! ч.7 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQnSJcdz7kA

374. [Oleksandr Pravylo]. (2013, December 6th) Євромайдан не Казантип! 29 листопада 2013 The protest in Kiev. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abGpeCSjb_Y

375. [Olena Bilozerska]. (2013, December 1st) Євромайдан. Повстання! Вид згори. 1.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7tEYUH6Dfo

376. [Olena Bilozerska]. (2014, March 16th) Бої у Маріїнському парку (Київ) 18.02.2014 (покращене відео) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUf0FjDwtDw

377. [Paul V. Lashkevich]. (2013, December 2nd) 2013 11 29 01 KYIV MAIDAN NEZALEJNOSTYI BEFORE BERKUT FORCES AGRESSION MOV01995++++ [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLVG-9dCu1I

378. [Paul V. Lashkevich]. (2013, December 2nd) 2013 11 29 08 KYIV MAIDAN NEZALEJNOSTYI BEFORE BERKUT FORCES AGRESSION ACTORS MOV02026++++ [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlH5Dy3AdkE

379. [Perceptron2007]. (2008, March 4th). Марш Несогласных Москва 3 марта 2008 [Video File] Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9FxVvuk9Y4

380. [PeterBY]. (2007, March 25th) Belarus Mensk 25.03.2007 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtJGeSdCeF8

381. [Pierre Gazzola] (2015, October 15th) Belarus Oppostion Rallies in Minsk [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AF_lx1_ItmU

382. [PolitAspekt]. (2010, November 23rd) Протест предпринимателей. (22.11.2010. Полная версия) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uenxALPIwC8

383. [Prav DA]. (2014, January 24th) Беркут спас от чего Михаила Гаврилюк? 23.01.2014 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU7znsRXa6c

384. [Pravda]. (2011, Devember 10th) Митинг на Болотной площади 10 12 11. Репортаж [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0MP_IYfvpQ

385. [REanemator82] (2012, March 25th) день воли 2012 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BH8QWIN9Hr0

386. [REanemator82] (2012, March 25th) день воли 2012 минск [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWqVBjObAkM

387. [REanemator82] (2012, March 25th) день воли минск 2012 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wW2UaFMDUE

388. [RT на русском]. (2011, December 10th). Митинг на Болотной площади 10 декабря 2011

389. [RT на русском]. (2015, April 23rd) В Киеве продолжается забастовка шахтеров [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXf1xLxegOk

390. [RT]. (2011, December 10th). Video: tens of thorusands gather for Moscow `voter fraud' protest [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bf9i7O9XfgQ

391. [Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty] (2017, March 25th) In Minsk, Police Crackdown on Antigovernment Protesters [Video File]. Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqE4yQrh6S4

392. [RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty] (2011, June 22nd) 300 Flash-Mob Protesters Arrested In Minsk [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.rferl.org/a/24243592.html

393. [RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty] (2011, June 29th) Police Break Up Minsk Protest [Video File]. Retrived From: https://www.rferl.org/a/24251117.html

394. [RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty] (2013, March 24th) `Day of Freedom' Marked In Minsk [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.rferl.org/a/24937608.html

395. [Reanematro82] (2012, March 25th) день воли 2012 минск [Video File]. Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DO8sf7Xrew

396. [Roberts Show]. (2014, February 14th) Силовой разгон майдана [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji5MN8llfGA

397. [Roman Shadows] (2013, April 14th) День Воли в Минске. 2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GN2dOENspI

398. [Ruptly] (2015, October 15th) Belarus: anti-government protesters hold unauthorised rally in Minsk [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t10ptttBn2I

399. [Ruptly] (2016, February 22nd) Belarus: Hundreds rally against new import regulations in Minsk [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__DGvwQdy1c

400. [Ruptly] (2017, March 26) LIVE: Navalny leads unscantioned rally against corruption in Moscow [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1uHJkbGRzE

401. [Ruptly] (2018, May 5th) Russia: Dozen detained at unauthorised rally in Moscow [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG84fqL_O_s

402. [Ruptly] (2019, March 10) LIVE: Protesters rally for `Internet freedom' in central Moscow [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXkT8hoAzyw&t=6162s

403. [Ruptly]. (2015, April 22nd) Ukraine: Miners protest surrounds Presidential Administration building [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2GgarR0bco

404. [Ruptly]. (2018, February 18th) LIVE: Protest in Kiev marks the bloodiest days of the Maidan uprising [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdPAbJb028Y

405. [Ruptyl] (2018, May 5th) LIVE: Navalny supporters attend unauthorised rally in Moscow [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8P4_VHPJ1FM

406. [Sad But True]. (2011, December 10th). Митинг за честные выборы (10 декабря 2011). Video file]. Retrieved From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5Q3JECpCYU&t=42s

407. [Sgutira]. (2013, December 1st) ЕвроМайдан 01.12.2013 Штурм администрации Президента Украины [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmWqRyu5i5s

408. [Shanyan77]. (2010, November 22nd) Акция протеста 22 ноября. Майдан [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHqY0tDnXoM

409. [Shanyan77]. (2010, November 22nd) Выступление Дудко 22 ноября [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIz1wR6TEYw

410. [Shanyan77]. (2010, November 22nd) Толпа движется от Майдана к Банковой. 22 ноября [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA74jW4KjgM

411. [Shevv007]. (2007, April 15th). Марш несогласных, 14.04.2007, Москва. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnJDRVcJV3I

412. [Shkiperbest]. (2010, November 22nd) МАЙДАН-УКРАИНА-КИЕВ 22.11.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaRzXaU5QbQ

413. [Shkiperbest]. (2010, November 22nd) МАЙДАН-УКРАИНА-КИЕВ-22.11.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncx74UOwZ04

414. [Shkiperbest]. (2010, November 22nd) МАЙДАН-УКРАИНА-КИЕВ-22.11.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9UgJRkPbPk

415. [Shkiperbest]. (2010, November 22nd) МАЙДАН-УКРАИНА-КИЕВ-22.11.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu9PlSMA-14

416. [Sim4all]. (2011, June 23rd) Mass arrests in Minsk 22.06.2011 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2chn21tqYaw

417. [Slodych]. (2007, March 25th) Belarus, Minsk, March 25 (2007) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXtLS4FuQdQ

418. [Soloma TV]. (2013, December 10th) Штурм беркутом баррикад на Евро Майдана в 02:00 11.12.2013 Часть 3 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PxnOVqxv0U

419. [Soloma TV]. (2013, December 1st) ЕВРОМАЙДАН 01.12.2013 ШТУРМ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eWGPOdUk0A

420. [Soloma TV]. (2013, December 2nd) ЕВРОМАЙДАН 01.12.2013 КАК ВСЁ ПРОХОДИЛО! [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4HKOT-ljmo

421. [Stroyful] (2014, February 24) Bolotnaya protesters sentenced in Moscow [video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymHnbe_xBDs

422. [SuperKharkov]. (2010, November 22nd) Сейчас в Киеве (запись с онлайн 22.11.2010г.) [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrV5WOV1zyg

423. [TUT.BY] (2017, March 25th) Брутальный разгон и хапун в центре Минска: ОМОН против людей [Video File]. Retreived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxkMaCnIO5k

424. [TUT.BY], (2017th March 25th) День Воли 2017. Минск. [Video File] Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVnp_IHAu9g

425. [Tetyana Sergiyenko]. (2014, December 30th) Маріїнський парк 18 лютого 2014 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7IFMOLOTd4

426. [TheGeorgianchannel]. (2011, Deccmeber 12th). Moscow Protest 10th Dec. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kq4yS2wWLnk

427. [Torchoq UA]. (2014, January 22nd) Евромайдан 23.01.2014 ул.Грушевского убито 2 человек,БТР... один из драгунова* [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0aaZpl1EzA

428. [UKRANIAN NEWS]. (2014, February 20th) 18.02.2014 Штурм Майдана /Евромайдан [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqn8LTBYFBQ

429. [Uchastok730]. (2007, December, 5th). March of Dissent, Moscow, 24 Nov 2007 [Video File]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ghc8VQZxI0

430. [Ukrainian People]. (2013, November 30th) 30.11.2013 Евромайдан Украина подготовка бойцов к атаке беркута. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH18Hw1lVuo

431. [Ultras Dynamo Kyiv TV]. (2010, November 22nd) Податковий Майдан_Київ_22/11/10 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oma30Nq1BNY

432. [Ultras Dynamo Kyiv TV]. (2010, November 25th) Податковий Майдан_Київ_25/11/10 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWoknPKDbog

433. [Vamfimvideo]. (2010, December 24th) ЖЕСТОКОЕ избиение МИРНОГО митинга в Минске 19.12.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HXt6p0Kcsc

434. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWKc8KJ8mrE

435. [Yauheni Batura] (2012, March 27th) День Воли 2012. Движение колонны.avi [Video File]. Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkfsQvsgosI

436. [Zoomantiq]. (2012. Febuarary 7th). The protest march in Moscow February 4, 2012. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5Q3JECpCYU

437. [Zoomantiq].(2013, January 19th) The protest march in Moscow January 13, 2013 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE9sXBcHn_w

438. [Zorichkaa]. (2010, November 22nd) Украина, Киев, Майдан независимости, 22.11.10 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=752osV9f-Eo

439. [oleksandr.info]. (2013, December 1st) Київ. Протести. 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrS5coviMrI

440. [shanyan77]. (2010, November 22nd) Народ ликует. Майдан. 22 ноября 2010. Киев [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RahmNrrQvv0

441. [Алексей Булавин] (2012, March 26th) День Воли глазами людей 25.03.2012. [Video File]. Retrvied From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76zILgLUCgc

442. [Алексей Севрук]. (2013, December 11th) Майдан 29.11.2013 Киев [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-q5ua0TTVE

443. [БЕЛСАТ NEWS] (2017, March 25th) Разгон Дня Волі ў Менску | Минск, разгон в День Воли [Video File] Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N_6rBO8lyk

444. [БЕЛСАТ NEWS] (2017, March 25th) Дзень Волі 2017: затрыманні | Zatrzymania w Miсsku | День Воли в Минске [Video File] Retreived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouwh8_rqFg4

445. [БЕЛСАТ NEWS] (2018, April 25th) АМАП арыштаваў бабульку на Дні Волі | ОМОН арестовал бабушку на День Воли [Video File] Retreived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hY1Qck6csL4

446. [БЕЛСАТ NEWS] (2018, April 25th) Падчас Дня Волі затрымалі каля 70 чалавек | Массовые задержания в Минске [Video File] Retrived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCWC9tGgMd0

447. [БЕЛСАТ NEWS] (2018, April 26th) Чарнобыльскі шлях 2018. Пратэст у Менску [Video File] Retreived From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTgGjbuoqEU

448. [БЕЛСАТ NEWS]. (2010, December 19th) Разгон Плошчы / Разгон площади 19.12.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJZqCh5k76I

449. [БФ Український дім]. (2014, February 19th) 18 лютого 2014. Штурм Майдану. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRaOIe1wkEE

450. [Вадим Горловский]. (2013, November 30th) Евромайдан 30.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efD5o9RkSpo

451. [Виталий Витос]. (2013, December 3rd) Запрещенное видео с Майдана 30.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8PhoFlDVrc

452. [Виталий Левченко]. (2013, December 3rd) Евромайдан Руслана Гимн Украины 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zcsp3fE5Rls

453. [Влад Федоренко]. (2013, December 1st) Евромайдан. Захват майдана 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BblNfA-bW-o

454. [Віктор Семенов]. (2013, November 29th) Розгін Євромайдану міліцією 30 листопада 2013 р [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rUsiTpFbOo

455. [Голос Правды]. (2014, February 19th) Как сожгли БТР, близкая съемка Евромайдан 18.02.2014 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXNnwlkZmq4

456. [Город Ворот]. (2010, December 20th) Выборы - 2010. Разгон демонстрантов в Минске. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6xXHcSf65Y&t=46s

457. [Государственное предприятие "Угольная компания "Краснолиманская"]. (2015, April 22nd) 22 04 2015 - На Банковой, у администрации президента митингуют шахтеры [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McfTnCGzM3c

458. [Грани.Ру] (2014, Feburary 2014) Болотная 6 мая 2012 Как это было. [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae1n94l3kqs

459. [ДЕНЬ]. (2017, October 27th) НАЧАЛО Майдана 2017. КИЕВ 23:00, 17.10.17. Майдан-2017. Украина, Митинг, Протест [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBWAu3SaLh8

460. [Денис Волков]. (2013, November 30th) /Беркут розогнал Евромайдан!/30.11.13 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9HQaEACdfM

461. [Дмитрий Б]. (2010, November 22nd) Митинг Киев 22.11.2010/ Kyiv protest 22.11.2010 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r0Hp9-II4M

462. [Дмитрий Зыков]. (2008, March 3rd). Марш Несогласных в Москве. 3 марта 2008 [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFpPbWMvTFI

463. [Елена Лукаш]. (2017, July 26th) Беркут на Евромайдане 30.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GQZav2LzX8

464. [За Евроинтеграцию]. (2013, December 1st) Евромайдан. Штурм Администрации президента 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmSF8COE4Fc

465. [За Евроинтеграцию]. (2013, December 2nd) ОРТ о событиях на Майдане 01.12.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeaS_KK9Hjc

466. [Здоровая Украина]. (2014, February 19th) Ведут пленный Беркут -Киев -18.02.2014 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_Gol8W8WoQ

467. [Илья Аналгинов] (2013, January 13). Митинг 13 января в Москве (хроника дня) [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUemPo_W3lQ

468. [КОРОТКО.инфо]. (2013, November 17th) Избиение студентов на Майдане 30 ноября 2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NVC8ws381E

469. [Константин Коломийченко]. (2014, December 9th) Майдан перед попыткой зачистки 18.02.2014 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zz6bonH4Nc

470. [Магнолия-ТВ]. (2013, November 30th) Киев. Разгон Евромайдана 30.11.2013. [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-talnbWQDpI

471. [Магнолия-ТВ]. (2013, November 30th) Подготовка К Разгону Евромайдана 30.11.2013 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKIKA0xp7t0

472. [Максим Костенко]. (2013, December 1st) Евромайдан Харьков, митинг 01.12.13, ул Сумская, памятник Шевченко [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrnr_f20aqs

473. [Михаил Волгин]. (2015, April 23rd) Протест шахтёров в Киеве 2015 04, 23 189 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIFbZX155e4

474. [Михал Емельянов]. (2013, December 2nd) Евромайдан бьет беркут! 1 декабря, Украина, Киев [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9XxTqENP8E

475. [Мустафа Найєм]. (2010, December 19th) Минск. Спецназ на площади перед парламентом [Video File]. Retrieved From: Минск. Спецназ на площади перед парламентом

476. [Мустафа Найєм]. (2011, August 24th) День незалежності 2011 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOyLnHCzGts

477. [Мустафа Найєм]. (2013, November 29th) 2 Разгон #Євромайдан 30 ноября 2013 г [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awWox8zpsw0

478. [НАШ]. (2019, December 17th) Столкновения и драки под Верховной Радой. Правоохранители задерживают участников акции. НАШ 17.12.19 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MdsS2g7-3c

479. [Национальный Курс]. (2019, December 17th) Христич, репортаж из Киева 17.12.19 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMnhjNyx7xs

480. [Нейромир-ТВ].(2011, December 10th). "ПолитКалендарь" 10.12.2011 "болотная площадь". [Video file]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUqO3UimmJA

481. [НовороссияТВ]. (2015, April 23rd) Протесты шахтеров в Киеве [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOA9DJf8k8g

482. [Олег Козырев]. (2001, April 15th). Марш несогласных Москва 2007 ч. 1 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cn3ej4RapsQ

483. [Олег Сирык]. (2010, November 22nd) Киев 2010. Акция протеста 22 ноября [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQNliUw5-jw

484. [Олексій Обухов]. (2011, August 24th) День Незалежності 24.08.2011 Київ [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JEvNNXJMgs

485. [Олексій Обухов]. (2011, August 24th) День Незалежності 24.08.2011 Київ [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H57dBUuK_Fc

486. [Олексій Обухов]. (2011, August 24th) День Незалежності 24.08.2011 Київ Марш протесту [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ldKnKMSFVE

487. [Олексій Обухов]. (2011, August 24th) День Незалежності 24.08.2011 Київ Турчинов [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk1soQ7o_xc

488. [Павел Бекезин]. (2013, November 30th) Київ#Євромайдан 29.11 [Video File]. Retrieved From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRYZ4YUm1Lg



Tables and Figures

Table: A.1. Russia: Protest Event Analysis



Police Shields Batons Metal Detectors Bag Searches on Entrance Smoke Flares Banners Flags Punches to the Body Punches to the Face Baton Strikes to the Body Baton Strikes to the Face Arrests Snatch and Grab Arrests Police Cordon (Static) Police Cordon (Walking) Pushing Protesters Police Walking Freely Amongst Protest Non-Police Uniformed Persons Non-Police Uniformed Persons (Arrest) Pepper Spray Headlocks Police Dogs Police Charge Metal Barriers Smoke/Flash Grenades Striking an Injured Protester Forced Undressing and Humiliation Making Obscene Gestures or Taunting Protesters Throwing Rocks or Other Makeshift Projectiles Firing Weapon (Projectile Unknown) Attacking Medical personnel in Uniform No Observable Engagement With the Public No Observable Instances of Violence No Observable Instances of Arrest Observed Targeted Arrests Observed Targeted Violence Observed Indiscriminate Arrests Observed Indiscriminate Violence	Police shields, sometimes known as riot shields are a standard form of policing equipment. Includes both long full-body shields and small circular shields. This variable may also include ballistic shields. A police baton, sometimes known as a truncheon is a hand held cylindrical club. Can be made from wood, rubber or metal. This variable encapsulates all forms of handheld batons including expanding batons and straight stick batons. Metal detectors include both hand held metal detectors or `security wands' and walk through metal detectors or `knife arches. This variable refers to any process of searching an individual's personal item prior to gaining access to the protest site. This refers only to mandatory bag searches and not voluntary searches. A smoke flare is a hand held device that produces smoke on ignition. This variable refers to any form of smoke producing devise including but not limited to smoke bomb, smoke grenade or smoke flare. Hand held signs used to display a protest message, slogan or image. Flags may refer to any national flag, flag of unrecognised persons or nation, flag containing a protest symbol or a flag of a sports team. A closed fist strike by a police or attributed law enforcement officer to any part of the body below the neck. A closed fist strike by a police or attributed law enforcement officer to the face or head. The use of a police baton to strike a protester on any part of the body below the neck. The use of a police baton to strike a protester on the face or head. An act by a police officer or other attributed law enforcement of detaining a protest participant or related person. A related person includes media, medical personnel or bystander close to the protest event. The process of arrest in which a group of police or other attributed law enforcement run into a crowd to arrest a person. A static police cordon is observed to be any formation of stationary police or attributed law enforcement officers that stops or restricts the movement of a protest or crowd. A walking police cordon is observed to be any formation of moving police or attributed law enforcement officers that stops or restricts the movement of a protest or crowd. An action by which a police or attributed law enforcement officer pushes with their hands a protest participant or related persons. This may be in self-defence, to encourage movement or as a coercive tool. The presence of a uniformed officer walking through a crowd and interacting with protest participants. Any presence of a police or law enforcement officer who's uniform of identity may be at first concealed. Often recognisable through being first observed behind police cordons, wearing police issue communication devices including earpiece or carrying police issue equipment. Often observed taking photos or videos of protest participants. Any presence of a police or law enforcement officer who's uniform of identity may be at first concealed. Often recognisable through being first observed behind police cordons, wearing police issue communication devices including earpiece or carrying police issue equipment. Often observed taking photos or videos of protest participants. This variable denotes the use or participating in the arrest procedure by this individual. A police issued chemical compound used to irritate and inflame the eyes. This variable refers to both hand held pepper spray or the use of a pepper spray projectile. The action by a police or attributed law enforcement officer of placing a protest participant or related person in a head lock. Included both a coercive and punitive use. Also includes the use of headlocks during the arrest procedure. This variable denotes the presence or subsequent use of police dogs at any protest event. A policing tactics in which a group police or attribute law enforcement officers run towards a crowd of protest participants. Included the use of a coordinated charge in unison, where the police run together in a single formation, or sporadic charging of individual police officers at small intervals. The use and presence of metal barriers to restrict or constrain the movement of protest participants. A police issued projectile devise used to produce smoke or a non-lethal explosion. Also known as smoke grenades or bombs or flash grenades, stun grenades or sound bombs. An action by the police or attributed law enforcement officer of striking a individual already visibly injured. Refers to any process of hitting or striking any part of the body, with or without a weapon. An injured protester may be observed through a person already bleeding or already on the floor and compliant. The process of forcing an individual to remove their clothes in public, or any other action that would contravene Article 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights. May refer to mocking gestures, swearing or other forms of rude imitation. Denotes a police officer throwing a non-standard issue projectile at a protester. Included the use of rocks or other found or improvised projectile device. Refers to a police or other attributed law enforcement officer firing a police issued weapon at protest participants or related persons. Refers to both live ammunition, rubber or blank ammunition. Denotes any action where the police or other attributed law enforcement officer injures or attempt to injury uniformed medical personnel. A protest where the police do not interact with protest participants. May also refer to a protest where the police are not present. A protest where the police conduct themselves in a way where they exhibited behaviour that did not attempt to injure or inflict coercive violence onto protest participants. A protest where the police do not engage with the arrest procedure. A protest where by the unique individual actions of the protester that may be in breach of law, makes them specifically a target for arrest. A protest where by the unique individual actions of the protester that may be in breach of law makes them specifically the target for violence. A protest where by the police make no observable effort to distinguish between the actions of individuals being arrests. A protest whereby the police make no observable effort to distinguish between the actions of individuals experiencing violence.

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