The Russian cosmism origin: philosophic and religious ideas of Nikolai Fyodorov

Consideration of the history of origin and development of the "Russian cosmism" philosophy and its impact on the Russian philosophical thought and literature. The demonstration of community and comprehensive ideas of community in the views of Fyodorov.

Рубрика Философия
Вид статья
Язык английский
Дата добавления 09.04.2019
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Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nokolai Grigorievich Stoletovs

THE RUSSIAN COSMISM ORIGIN: PHILOSOPHIC AND RELIGIOUS IDEAS OF NIKOLAI FYODOROV

Mazhaev D.S. - student, Romanova P.V. - student,

T.I. Matayr - scientific supervisor

Abstract

The article considers the history of origin and development of the “Russian cosmism” philosophy and its impact on the Russian philosophical thought and Russian literature. Key words: philosophy, “Russian cosmism”, Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, Orthodox Christianity, noosphere, Vladimir Vernadsky.

Аннотация

ЗАРОЖДЕНИЕ РУССКОГО КОСМИЗМА: ФИЛОСОФСКО-РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ИДЕИ НИКОЛАЯ ФЁДОРОВА

Мажаев Д.С. - студент, Романова П.В. - студентка, Т.И. Матяр - научный руководитель, доцент Владимирский государственный университет имени Александра Григорьевича и Николая Григорьевича Столетовых

Статья рассказывает об истории возникновения и развитии философии «русского космизма» и его влиянии на русскую философскую мысль и русскую литературу. Ключевые слова: философия, «русский космизм», Николай Федорович Федоров, православие, ноосфера, Владимир Вернадский.

The main text

Earth is the cradle of humanity, but one cannot live in a cradle forever

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky "Happiness for everybody, free, and let no one go away unsatisfied (be left out)!"

Arkady and Boris Strugatsky «The Picnic on the Roadside»

Russian philosophy predominantly religious up to the first quarter of the 20th century has a lot of really amazing and extraordinary pages in its development history. The Russian cosmism till now remains one of such pages. Both in the world and in this country one can hardly name cosmism a homogeneous and well-thought-out doctrine; rather it has been a series of futuristic religious and philosophical, artistic, aesthetic, natural scientific and ethical trends united by the idea of cosmos as a single utilized homogeneous space, of a cosmopolitan individual, of the wonderful future world without wars, politics, conflict, where the beauty and morality dwell and science and technology actively develop. The Russian cosmism development paradigm has been formed by Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, a "father" of the Russian cosmism, philosopher, educator, librarian, who lived in the second half of the 19th century. Fyodorov wrote that the whole world around us - cosmos, people, all the living and nonliving in general, form a system that is evolving according to the definite laws put into it by God, and the task of a man is to learn these laws and study how to use them for the entire system benefit. The Fedorov philosophy is a "common cause philosophy." Its main message is a reflection of community and all-encompassing unity ideas common to all Russian religious philosophers. Fedorov thought about the man's place in the world, the human life meaning, sufferings and ways to overcome them - how, in his opinion, it is possible to implement the main possibility of overall omnipresent happiness God gave to a man. The main problems, obstructing this possibility - temporary restrictions of human life; physical, moral, spiritual and intellectual man's imperfection, environmental scarcity - all these can and must be surmounted through science, because in fact it is a way of learning and regulating evolutionary system, in which we live. Fedorov was, above all, a religious philosopher, and therefore all his ideas were cultivated within the framework of Orthodox Christianity. He believed that the Christian teaching history was not just a religion development history, but also a certain message from God to people, incorporating some hidden deeper meaning, and Fyodorov saw this meaning in solving the first problem of humankind - temporary life limitation. Fedorov believed that the scientific quest in this area would, and very soon, bear fruit, and humanity could become immortal. Besides it would be unfair if only the living became immortal, so science had to solve the problem of the humanity reunification with all ancestor generations, i.e. to learn raising people up. Despite the apparent absurdity of the above ideas and their downright unhealthy character, in terms of the modern perception, they in particular prompted Fedorov in his "cosmic" reflections. The process of the world and human nature transformations is sufficiently long in time and expensive in terms of resources. By the time the man would reach the first stage of perfection and become immortal, the earth resources would be depleted, besides the overall immortality and resurrection would cause the planet overpopulation, and, as a consequence, famine, conflicts, diseases and widespread suffering, but God had given such possibilities to a man for quite a different purpose. Fedorov believed that at the preparatory stage already, it was necessary to look for some way-out, and he found it. The philosopher realized that the most successful and logical solution of these problems would be outer space exploration and other planets colonization, i.e. the common outer space creation for the whole mankind. Only then there would be created a union of the living sons and the risen fathers, and then there would be implemented the main ideas of the whole Russian religious philosophy - the ideas of community and all-encompassing unity. Community and all-encompassing unity were not the ultimate dream of the Russian cosmism and Fedorov in particular. New better world was a starting point for further evolution of the system, and namely, for the formation of a new humanity, more perfect, more powerful physically, morally, spiritually, and intellectually. A new mankind by means of evolution and moral upbringing would be free from vice, addiction and passions, people would know only one passion that for the common cause service. False happiness - wealth and momentary gratifications would not attract them. The path of personal happiness, individual for each person was considered a waste of time, because it did not bring any fruit on a cosmic scale, every new person would only be happy by implementing the world ideas, working for the common good and observing the world and humanity transformation. Fedorov's views and ideas inspired many Russian and foreign scientists, people of art, religious thinkers and ordinary workers whose faith in the bright happy future opened the way for the large-scale science and technologies development. The Russian cosmism, philosophy of noosphere, transhumanism, the development of space industry - all these and much more have been the consequences of Fedorov's ideas influence. Among his followers and admirers there were Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Vladimir Vernadsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Vladimir Solovyov, and many other people, having a huge impact on our world. The ideas of the Russian cosmism were the quintessence of human knowledge and understanding of the world; they were an amalgamation of science and esotericism, dreams of a better life, altruistic promises and utopian communist ideals, but for all their apparent unreality of these ideas for a modern man, they became the starting point for the development of technologies on which our present is built. fyodorov russian cosmism philosophy

References

1. Бердяев Н.А. О России и русской философской культуре. Москва, «Наука», 1990.

2. Зеньковский В.В. История русской философии. Москва, "Высшая школа", 1991.

3. Семенова С. Г. Философия воскрешения Н.Ф. Федорова. Москва, «Прогресс», 1995.

4. Федоров Н.Ф. Сочинения в 2-х тт. М., 1995.

5. Философия общего дела: Николай Федоров. М, Изд-во «Эксмо», 2008.

6. Циолковский К.Э. «Грезы о Земле и небе». Тула, Приокское книжное издательство, 1986.

7. Циолковский К.Э. Очерки о Вселенной. М., 1992.

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