Professor N.M. Shinkerman - founder of the department of pathological anatomy and modern pathomorphology service in Bukovyna

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Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University»

Professor N.M. Shinkerman -founder of the department of pathological anatomy and modern pathomorphology service in Bukovyna

Igor DAVYDENKO,

Olena TIULIENIEVA,

Yevheniia PARASTYVYUK,

Авторами в статье изложены этапы жизненного пути профессора Наума Моисеевича Шинкермана - выдающегося ученого, профессионального преподавателя и врача-патологоанатома, который стал организатором кафедры патологической анатомии и современной патологоанатомической службы на Буковине. За основу взяты материалы, которые хранятся в архивах Буковинского и Одесского государственных медицинских университетов, и в документации организованной им кафедры, включая также бесценную для всех нас «Историю кафедры патологической анатомии Черновицкого медицинского института (1944-1969)».

shinkerman pathologist doctor

Department of Pathology, affiliated to the Chernivtsi State Medical Institute, started working at April 1945. Firstly, there were no professional teachers at the Department, and doctors taught other doctors. In September 1945 Professor Naum Moiseyevich Shinkerman came to the Department as a professional teacher and physician-pathologist. In fact, he was the creator of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and modern pathomorphology service in Bukovina.

The past history documents about his life are still remaining in archives of Bukovina and Odessa State Medical University, also present in the "History of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of Chernivtsi Medical Institute (19441969)". This priceless work was done on Russian, about 39 pages of typewritten text.

There is some interesting information about Professor Shinkerman in the archival documents of Higher School of Ukraine "Bukovina State Medical University" (former Chernivtsi State Medical Institute). In 1953, due to the “doctors' investigation”, Naum Moisevich was required to prove his personality and medical diploma validation at the public court of the 1st region of Stalin's district of Chernivtsi. This problem was caused with different spelling of his name in the medical diploma (Nuhym Moschcowitz Sheyn- kerman) and in the identity documents (Naum Moiseevich Shinkerman)1.

There is no doubt that the outstanding N.M. Shinkeman's writing talent was manifested in his early ages. It is certainly known, that before and during his studying at medical school, he worked as a proofreader of Russian in the Odessa newspaper "Zarya". Later, being worked as the Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy in Chernivtsi Medical Institute, Professor N.M. Shinkerman fruitfully continued his activity in informatics media.

Given arguments are especially interesting, due to fact that this Professor didn't belong to educated family. His father, Moshko Mendelevich, was a watchmaker, and his mom, Mona Isakivna, was a housewife. N.M. Shinkerman was born in 1907 at the rural area of the small town of Podolsk province (present territory of Odesa region). His family moved to Odessa around 1920. It also should be considered, that Shin- kerman began his carrier in revolutionary period, which was not favourable for education2.

One of the episode from his autobiograhy was all about dificulties of that time. After graduated from the technical school "Trud" in 1923-1925 he accepted the invitation of his aunt, to visit her in the city of Haifa (Palestine). About a year of being there he came back to Odessa and got the job as a proofreader of newspapers. Naum Moiseyevich was an extraordinary talented and willed person who progressed in all spheres of his working life.

He passed out from medical school before 1935 and worked as intern in a village of Odessa region. Then he served as a junior military doctor in the Soviet Army for two years. Only after this he found his way in profession of pathomorphology. He created a special memory of himself as a teacher, doctor and scientist. We can summarise all above, key stages of Shinkerman's career at "Odessa time periods": being a professor's assistant, defending PhD thesis on "Primary lung cancer," associated professor of pathology, simultaneously working as a prosector in Clinical Hospital no. 2 in Odessa.

From June 1941, when Second World War captured the area of USSR, N.M. Shinkerman was called to join the Red Army, where he has developed his carrier from a doctor-specialist to the main pathologist of the 4th Ukrainian Front and the chief pathologist of Prykarpattya Military District, in a rank of Major of medical service. He was awarded two Orders of Red Star, Czechoslovak Military Cross, five front-line medals. Interestingly, the document does not explain why the last award was received in 1939 - it's a kind of "white spot" in the biography of a famous pathologist. In 1943 N.M. Shinkerman joined the Communists Party. After the war he was appoint- ted a main pathologist in the Prykarpattya Military District at the rank of Major until July 1946, but also (since September 1945) he acted as a Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy in Chernivtsi Medical Institute. The last was new affiliation of the 2nd Kyiv Medical Institute, which was open after the deoccupation of Bukovina in October 19443.

Actually, Bukovinian pathomorphology service wasn't functioning beforel 1945. While in the archive of regional pathoanatomical bureau have been preserved postmortem reports, up to 1918 and even later. Students at the Department were taught by teachers of non-pathomorphology speciality. Therefore, a difficult task of creating not only a sterling Department of Pathological Anatomy, but also re-organization of prosection service in the region was on the shoulders of N.M. Shinkerman. So Naum Moiseyevich should be considered a true founder of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and all modern pathomorphology service in Bukovina4.

Naum Moiseyevich published a relatively small number of research articles - no more than fifty. It can be explained not only with requirements of that time, but also with Shinkerman's specific amount of organizational work on medical research area and intensive participation in non-medical journalism. However, Nahum Moiseyevich's assets include: doctoral thesis "Materials of pathological and normal morphology of thyroid goiter in Bucovina"(1955), one monograph, a museum of macro and micro specimens, pleiad of students, 8 doctoral and 8 candidate thesises on various fields of medicine. It is necessary to note such famous in Ukraine and abroad followers of Professor N.M.Shinkerman as Academician of MSA of Ukraine, corresponding member of NSA of Ukraine, Honored Scientist of Ukraine, professor D.D. Zerbino and member of the International Academy of Pathology, professor V.S. Prokopchuk5.

In 1957 the Higher Attestation Commission approved N.M. Shinkerman's title of “Professor” of the Department of Pathological Anatomy. But the way to this recognition was not easy, especially if to read "between the lines" of the official documents.

In February 1953 N.M. Shinkerman applied to rector (in the original document "Director") to release him from his occupation due to serious family reasons and not suitable climate of Chernivtsi, to change his job.

This was related to N.M. Shinkerman's identity proofs and notorious events in 1953 in USSR. The application was satisfied. But despite this, he was able to defend his doctoral thesis in April 1955. N.M. Shinkerman was approved as the head of the Department at April 11, 1956.

Professor N.M. Shinkerman continues his multifaceted activities with renewed strength. Lectures for students and doctors, which were been remembered forever, meaningful Department meetings, diagnostic work, clinical and patho- morphological conferences, research, social activity - evidenced by printed documents, photos and eyewitnesses. Some of them are still working at the Department: associate professor I.F.Kurchen- ko, senior assistant S.D. Tashchuk and physician- pathologist M.O. Kolachova.

In 1968 N.M. Shinkerman's name was listed in honor roll of the Medical Institute. After Professor N.M. Shinkerman had taken well- deserved rest in 1969, his name was included to the "Book of Honor of the Institute"6.

After leaving the Department N.M. Shinker- man has worked at the regional hospital as a prosector and then moved to a permanent residence to Moscow, where he lived until his 91st birthday.

Present-day employees of Pathomorphology Department of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine "Bukovynian State Medical University" will always remember the merits of

Professor N.M. Shinkerman as a pathomorpho- logist, a teacher, an organizer and outstanding person, who will always inspire them for hard work, creativity and progress.

REFERENCE

Boichuk T.M. Vipusknikiv slavetnih imena. Kniga pro vidatnih vipusknikiv Bukovins'kogo derzhavnogo medichnogo universitetu, Chernivtsi, Misto, 2014, p. Profesor Naum Mojsejovich Shinkerman, gazeta Dlya vashogo zdorov'ya,1997, Vol.7, p. 6.Ibid, p. 5.

Bojchuk T.M., Gerush I.V., Bilookij V.V., Bu- kovins'kij derzhavnij medichnij universitet. Istoriya i s'ogodennya (do 70-richchya), Cher- nivtsi, Vidavnitstvo BDMU, 2014, 272 p.

Profesor Naum Mojsejovich Shinkerman, gazeta Dlya vashogo zdorov'ya, 1997, Vol. 7, p. 6.Ibid, p. 7.

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