In school-age children the entire body is actively developing and improving. The rate of growth and development of individual organs and functional systems slightly reduced compared to pre-school age, but it is still quite high. It is noted that a characteristic feature of the growth process of a child's body is uneven [3, 7]. Various authors note that in recent years the level of prevalence of functional abnormalities increases

Dental examination of the population indicate that the prevalence of dentition in the children and adolescents (by criteria of dental aesthetic index-Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI, 1989) is the average 54 % [1]. It is also necessary to note that the functional disorders of dentition are not only a problem of human health, but also an important aspect of the formation of the personality and social status [2, 4].

The goal of the research was to study the individual orthodontic signs in Uzhhorod pupils aged 6-11 years.

Materials and methods

This work is a fragment of the complex topic of scientific-research work of Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Uzhhorod National University "The prevention, diagnosis, treatment of major dental diseases in children in Transcarpathia” (registration number 0116U003555). Dental examination of the child population was conducted by staff of the Department of pediatric Dentistry, the Dental Faculty of UzhNU, along with 5th year students during the passage of the production practices of Pediatric Dentistry, using the criteria and methodology of the World Health Organization [3, 7]. The objects of theexami - nation were the pupils, who study in secondary schools of Uzhhorod city (school № 2 and № 3) [5, 8].

We examined 152 junior pupils - 46.7 % boys and 53.3 % girls. The obtained data were recorded in a specially designed table of orthodontic accounting indications. Sex-age composition of the investigated children is presented in the Table 1. Statistical data processing was carried out using student t-test probability.

Results and discussion

The height of the chin determined full-face by ratio distance basics nose to the most convex point of the chin. It was discovered that only in 58.2 % of the children the chin height was evaluated as normal; and the boys are less likely than girls, but the difference was statistically unreliable.15.8 % of the boys and 17.8 % of the girls had reduced height of the chin (only 33.5 % of the children); in 5.2 % and 3.0 % respectively increased (or 8.2 %). As we can see, among pathological symptoms it is often met the height reduction of the chin than the increasing, regardless of the gender of the baby. The nature of breathing was predominantly nasal - 82.9 % of the children. Although an oral type of breathing also had a place in 17.1 % cases.

Analyzing the State of the TMJ, we dealt with the following parameters: painfull mouth opening, painless mouth opening, clicks or crunch during the movements in the joint. There were marked the single (1 among the boys and among the girls) cases of the painful opening of the mouth. Any difficulty in opening of the mouth is fixed. Clicking at movement in the joint observed at 3.9 % in the boys and 4.6 % in the girls; crunch - 5.3 % and 5.9 %, respectively (p < 0.05). We found the statistical tendency of the increasing of the presence of these symptoms as children without interrelation with article.

Quiet closing the lips also is formed in the process of growing up, instead of excessive compression or incomplete connections. So, at the age of 6-7 years up to 6.7 % of children have a quiet closing lips against 38.1 % aged 8-11 years (p < 0.001). Reliable difference between the sexes was found. Overall, more than half of the pupils of junior classes (55.3 %) had the breach of closing the lips, in almost equal shares: incomplete closing of the lips - 25.6 % and excessive compression of the lips - 29.6 %.

Table 1. Distribution of children by age and article

Reliably more often in children we met smooth shown nasolabial folds of the chin than strongly expressed: 34.9 % and 6.5 %, p<0.001. More than half (58.6 %) of the children named folds were expressed moderately. As they mature, certain increased the frequency of anti-aliased folds (from 9.1 % in age 6-7 years before 32.6 % to 8-11 years).

It is more often observed reduction of the amount of oral clefts (mode - 61.2 %) than the norm or increase (p < 0.05), regardless of the gender. size of mouth meet age norm in 32.9 % of the cases, and as they mature, this sign of approaching normal.

As you know, formation following must be completed prior to taking a child to school. However, only 21.6 % of children 6-7 years old were not registered any deviations. The rest of the first-graders weren't able to pronounce the "r" and, much less, T - 48.4 % and 21.6 %, respectively.29.7 % are not able to pronounce the sizzling sounds; 40.5 % - whistling. Each 10 child didn't have expressive language. The average number of violations per 1 formation following 0.87 amounted to a child; 1.62 violations accounted for 1 child aged 6-7 years and 0.6 violations - 1 child 8-11 years. To complete elementary school education the negative trends in formation of the language were corrected and up to 11 years of age already 60.0 % of the students spoke without deviations. significant fluctuations formation depending on gender also was not revealed.

Among the most common bad habits there were: bite lips and cheeks 84.8 % of the 152 investigated children. The girls did it correctly more often than boys (p < 0.05). Biting nails, seeds and pen was detected in the investigated 55.9 % of 152 children, and these bad habits boys have more often than girls (p < 0.05). The habit of sucking finger or pen was met in 11.2 % of the 152 investigated, which is significantly less than the previous bad habits. The average number of unhealthy habits made 1.96 % of the 1 child; 2.08 habits had 1 child aged 6-7 years and 1.93 habits - 1 child 8-11 years. As we can see, as the maturing children of the prevalence of all bad habits increased in 2.9 times < 0.05. The results of our study are presented in the Table 2.

Table 2. Individual orthodontic signs in the Uzhhorod pupils

Conclusions