Issues of children’s literature publication in Azerbaijan in the Soviet period

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Baku State University

Issues of Children's Literature Publication in Azerbaijan in the Soviet Period

Abasova Leyla Gabil

Ph.D., Department of Editorial and Publishing work

Baku, Azerbaijan

Abstract

The article reveals the activities of Azernashr, the first publisher of children's literature in Azerbaijan during the Soviet era, and the work done in the publication of children's literature. It is established that Azerneshr was the first publishing house to publish children's literature during the Soviet period. In addition, the article reflects the decisions and instructions given by the state in order to further develop the publication of children's literature in chronological order.

Literature has always served certain educational purposes everywhere. From the smallest lullabies and fairy tales of folk creativity to the greatest epics and novels of classical and modern literature, every artistic work has educational value and importance to one degree or another. In general, in addition to the socio-political task of fiction, there are fiction works written for children especially for the purpose of education, and great writers and poets of all countries of the world have written such works.

It is noted in the article that "Azernashr'' continued to publish children's literature in our country until September 1938, until the establishment of the Children's and Youth Literature Publishing House. The printed materials of both publishing houses were studied here, and samples for the relevant period were presented. The article also discusses the state measures to eliminate the existing problems in the field of children's literature. It is known that the main goal of the Soviet period was to develop children's literature, to eliminate the shortcomings in the field of children's literature. publishing house literature

Since children's literature is intended for the formation of a "comprehensive personality rich in self, with high ideals and aesthetic taste", publishers and intellectuals of the time directed all their efforts to the development of the repertoire of children's literature by publishing outstanding examples of world classics, as well as the most artistically perfect works of national authors. they have done a lot in this direction.

In the framework of the above-mentioned issues, general studies were conducted in the article, and opinions were noted referring to the local literature on the issue.

Keywords: book, children's literature, history of publishing children's literature, enlightener, intelligentsia, printing house, publishing house, polygraphy, works, textbooks, school

Анотація

Питання видання дитячої літератури в Азербайджані в радянський період

Абасова Лейла Габіль

Бакинський державний університет (Баку, Азербайджан)

У статті розкривається діяльність «Азернашру» - першого видавництва дитячої літератури в Азербайджані за радянських часів, і робота з видання дитячої літератури. Встановлено, що першим у радянський період дитячу літературу видавав «Азернешр». Крім того, у статті відображено рішення та доручення держави щодо подальшого розвитку видання дитячої літератури в хронологічному порядку.

Література завжди і всюди служила певним освітнім цілям. Від найменших колискових пісень і казок народної творчості до найбільших епосів та романів класичної і сучасної літератури, кожен художній твір тією чи іншою мірою має виховну цінність і значення. Взагалі, крім суспільно-політичного завдання художньої літератури, існують художні твори, написані для дітей спеціально з метою навчання, і такі твори писали великі письменники і поети всіх країн світу.

У статті зазначається, що «Азернашр» продовжував видавати дитячу літературу в нашій країні до вересня І938 року, аж до заснування Видавництва дитячої та юнацької літератури. Тут вивчено друковану продукцію обох видавництв, подано зразки відповідного періоду. У статті також розглядаються заходи держави щодо усунення існуючих проблем у сфері дитячої літератури. Відомо, що головною метою радянського періоду був розвиток дитячої літератури, усунення недоліків у сфері дитячої літератури.

Оскільки дитяча література призначена для формування «всебічної особистості, багатої собою, з високими ідеалами та естетичним смаком», тогочасні видавці та інтелектуали спрямовували всі свої зусилля на розвиток репертуару дитячої літератури, публікуючи видатні зразки світової літератури. класики, а також найдовершеніші в художньому відношенні твори національних авторів, які багато зробили в цьому напрямку.

У рамках вищезазначених питань у статті проведено загальні дослідження та викладено думки з посиланням на місцеву літературу з означеної проблеми.

Ключові слова: книга, дитяча література, історія видання дитячої літератури, просвітник, інтелігенція, друкарня, видавництво, поліграфія, твори, підручники, школа

Introduction

Children's and young people's literature is as unlimited and free as all fiction in terms of subject matter and creative methods. For children and young people, works can and should be written on the most complex and abstract topics, even in every possible way. However, writers and readers should know the level of spiritual development, their interests and dreams, and their perceptual characteristics, and express the topic and content of their writing with love and sincerity.

If we look at the history, during the Soviet era, the first publishing house to publish children's literature in our republic was "Azernashr" (since 1920) (Abasova, 1920, p. 20). It is known that Azerbaijan State Publishing House was created as a universal publishing house. Thus, in the early years, since its establishment, the publishing house mainly published textbooks, children's literature, fiction and scientific books.

Some work was done in the field of publishing children's literature in Azerbaijan even in the first decade of Soviet rule.

Research methods

Since the publication history of children's books in Azerbaijan was studied in the article, comparative- historical and statistical research methods were used. However, since the article covers the problems of publishing children's books, here, in addition to being based on historical-chronological sequence, comparative typological analyzes were preferred, comparisons were made with other types and types of literature, especially fiction, textbooks, and their characteristics were included in the analysis.

Results

In the 1930s, a number of other measures were taken in the republic to strengthen the achievements in the field of children's literature, to develop it further and to eliminate the shortcomings. One of these events was the first All- Azerbaijan Children's Literature conference, which was convened on January 17, 1931 in the building of the Baku International Pedagogical College with the participation of teachers, librarians and readers' representatives (For Communist Education, 1931, p. 106).

At the conference, three issues on "Current state of Azerbaijani children's literature", "Staff training for children's literature" and "Promotion and organization of children's books" are discussed. The conference discusses these issues and makes a special decision for the development of children's literature. The decision stated that the upbringing and formation of the new generation is the main issue facing the socialist society. The exposure of obstacles to the construction of socialism, the fight against religious remnants, should be reflected in children's books, which will positively affect the development of their worldview. Also, in the decision, the language of the newly published books should be suitable for the children's level, in order to create and publish new works on separate topics that contribute to their comprehensive development, with the participation of teachers, librarians, writers' union and other related institutions, with the participation of "Azernashr" and "Educational Method Sector". The idea of establishing "Children's Literature Bureau" was put forward.

In order to ensure the further development of children's literature, the issue of training new personnel was also reflected in the decision. In order to fulfill this task, it should be considered appropriate to create a section of children's literature under the Union of Writers of Azerbaijan (Khalilov, 1970, p. 51).

In order to implement the issues required by the decision, it was indicated in the measures put forward by the conference that it is necessary to attract young writers who are engaged in children's literature among the writers, who participate in the pioneer and Komsomol press with their artistic works, create a special literary association under the Writers' Union and give them direction.

The development of children's literature personnel also had a special place in the events of the conference. Thus, at Azernashr, providing methodical guidance to staff to prepare a translator of children's literature, holding contests on children's literature, awarding authors who write works, organizing literature clubs for amateur teachers and students under the guidance of teachers at the most advanced schools, and writing the best books written on the basis of the topics given to them. the publication of good works was suggested. The management of all these works was entrusted to the method department of the Public Education Commissariat (Khalilov, 1970, p. 52).

It is clear from the decisions of the conference that as the literature written and published for children is a minority, they could not meet the requirements of the time because they were not suitable for the age characteristics of children.

This backwardness in the field of fiction did not escape the attention of the party and the government. It is not by chance that in the decision of 15 August 1931 "On publishing work" of the Central Committee of Ukraine (b) P, the expansion and development of the publication of fiction was put forward as a serious task. And on April 23, 1932, the Central Committee of the Ukrainian National Union (b) P MK "adopted a decision on the reconstruction of literary and art organizations" (Khalilov, 1970, p. 52).

These historic decisions of the Central Committee were warmly welcomed all over the country. In order to develop the publication of fiction in our republic, the Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan adopted a special decision on the work of "Azernashr" on April 11, 1931. The decision of the "Literature and Art" Organizations "On the Reconstruction of Literary and Art Organizations" was discussed at the meeting of Baku writers and appropriate measures were taken. At the meeting, a number of important events were prepared in the field of the development of Azerbaijani Soviet literature, including Azerbaijani children's literature. The meeting created a special organization committee to lead the implementation of those events.

The Communist Party of Azerbaijan always led the publication of fiction and its development ideologically and politically in the republic. At the end of the first five-year period, in order to overcome the lag in the field of publishing fiction in the republic, by the decision of the Cultural Propaganda Department of the AK (b) P MK (Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist (Bolshevik) Party) dated April 30, 1932, the state of the growth of fiction in the Azerbaijan SSR a special brigade is organized to check and determine their prospects. The first results of the inspection were discussed at the meeting of the propaganda department of the AK (b) P MK on May 7, 1932, and the meeting considered the activity of "Azernashr" in the field of publishing books on fiction in general to be unsatisfactory.

In this regard, the fundamental restructuring of fiction publishing and the organic connection of works in this field with the issues of building socialism were put forward as the most important task.

Despite some shortcomings in the activity of "Azernashr", in 1931-1932, a number of original and translated children's fiction works were published. That is, among the examples of Azerbaijani children's literature in 1931 were A. Valiyev's "Grandmother's Face", H. Akhundlu's "Maskali adam", and in 1932 M. Mushfig's "Vurushmalar", "Bir May", "Cotton", R. Rza's " Chapay", M. Seyidzadeh's "Glorious Day" (poem) books are dedicated to children.

Since few new original works were created in these years, their publication was also a minority.

The gradual development of the publishing and printing industry in Azerbaijan leads to a significant expansion of the publication of children's literature. On the other hand, after the decision of the Central Committee of the All Union Communist (Bolshevik) Party of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b) on April 23, 1932, "On the Reconstruction of Literary and Art Organizations", the Society of Russian Proletarian Writers was dissolved, and replaced by and the creation of the Organizational Committee of the Union of Soviet Writers of Azerbaijan instead of the Society of Proletarian Writers of Azerbaijan, and in connection with this, the establishment of the Organization Committee of the Union of Soviet Writers of Azerbaijan has a great impact on the development of publishing children's literature in Azerbaijan. After this event, i.e. in 1933, the story "Pioneer Leyla" taken from the life of the pioneer organization by one of the Azerbaijani writers A. Bagirzade, "Kolkhoz Gizi" by Dadash Islam oglu, "Journey on a Donkey" and "Selected Stories" taken from A. Shaig's anecdote "Molla Nasreddin" "Ildirim and Shura" by Muhammad Zeyanlzadeh for middle- aged children, "Pahlavan Nazar and Brave Brother" by A. Kazim, "Barasbi" by Sh. Abbasov, "Towards Oil" by M. Seyidzadeh, which introduced school pioneers to oil extraction and the hard work of workers, I. Zargarli and Valibeyli's work "Let's learn math" is published by "Azernashr".

M. Gorky writes his article "On Topics" in connection with this decision. The great writer pointed out that children's literature is of great importance in our country and showed that the books written for children should expand and shape their worldviews, not only describe the present and the past, but also give children valuable knowledge about the future, glorify the development of achievements in the revolutionary process (Khalilov, 1970, p. 53).

Based on these instructions, Azerbaijani writers and poets write original children's works in this style, as well as translate and publish a number of works of Russian and foreign writers. Among such original works are A. Shaig's "Playful Gardens", "Children's Poems", "Journey on a Donkey" (II edition) and "The Fox Goes on a Pilgrimage", which is dedicated to the issue of properly organizing the activities and games of young children. "(II edition), S.S. Akhundov's "Garaja Gyz", M. Mushfig's verse tale "Shengul, Shungul, Mangul", which conveys qualities such as joint struggle against treason and violence, as well as being vigilant and listening to smart advice to the readers in a concise, clear and interesting plot. , A.M. Gafarli's "Octyabryat", R. Rza's "Pioneer's letter" dedicated to the description of the revolutionary rise among the workers in capitalist countries (quoted from Russian), Ali Subhi's "Poems", M.M. Seyidzadeh's book to love, keep a record of it and take special care of it "Pinti Hasan" (quoted from S. Marshak's poem "What Happened to Books" (1932)) and other books can be mentioned, which conveys the use of.

The 1st Congress of Azerbaijan Soviet Writers, convened on June 13-17, 1934, also had a positive impact on the development of children's literature. Thus, after the decision of the Central Committee of the Union of Writers of Azerbaijan on April 23, 1932, the congress concluded the activities of the Organizing Committee of the Writers' Union of Azerbaijan, defined the future tasks of literature and discussed the issue of children's literature along with the issues of craftsmanship and literary criticism. At the conference, Hajibaba Nazarli pointed out the slow development of children's literature in Azerbaijan, saying that "... our children's literature is far behind. Today, we do not have the necessary literature to give to children. Many of our writers have graduated from pedagogical institutes. But they don't write works for children. They say that if we write children's literature, then we will confuse and disturb the education and psychology of children. This is a great negligence" (Mikayil, 1935; 1936).

At the first congress of Soviet writers convened on August 17, 1934, S. Marshak gave a speech on "Great literature for children". At the congress, M. Gorky, speaking about the ways to develop children's literature, saw the novelty in the lives of Soviet children and put it as an important task to show: "The development of a new person is clearly noticeable, especially in children. And they were completely left out of the attention of literature; as if our writers consider writing about children and for children to be a deficiency."

On May 14, 1933, the secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist (b) Party of Azerbaijan adopted a decision on "Azernashr". In the decision, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist (b) Party of Azerbaijan and A. Trinich were instructed to reorganize the work of "Azernashr" and to collect, educate and organize its author staff, and to turn the publishing house into a center in this work. Here, one of the changes implemented in the structure of "Azernashr" was the establishment of the "Children's and Youth Literature Department" (Abasova, 1920, p. 34).

Until the establishment of Children's and Youth Literature Publishing House ("Ushaggennashr"), Azerbaijan State Publishing House ("Azernashr") published children's literature, but could not meet the demand for literature in the relevant field.

Thus, the tasks put forward by the first congresses of All-Union Soviet writers and Azerbaijan Soviet writers, especially the organization of the State publishing house for children's literature in 1933, the creation of a special children's literature department at the state publishing houses of the allied republics, had a great impact on the publication of children's literature.

The results of this important event could not be reflected in our republic. At that time, the organization of the children's literature department at "Azernashr" was related to this. As a result of the organization of the department, only in 1935, 200 printed sheets of 65 titles of children's literature were printed. In the same year, one of the Azerbaijani writers, M. Mushfigin, wrote the poem "Gaya" dedicated to child neglect in the early years of Soviet rule and some specific aspects of the fight against it, as well as important moral and educational issues, and the hard life of a hardworking peasant who works from morning to night to avoid starvation, and the people's struggle against evil forces. and the verse tale "The Peasant and the Snake" convincingly portraying the victory of the union was published. This year, original children's books by M. Seyidzade, H. Alizade and others were published by Azernashr.

On January 12, 1936, a conference on children's literature convened by the All Union of Lenin's Communist Youth Union determined our achievements and tasks in the field of Soviet children's literature (Kazim, 1938). In this meeting attended by writers, teachers, artists, the issues of implementing the tasks set by the party for children's literature, improving publishing plans, improving the quality of printed books, the main tasks of writers and artists in this field and other relevant issues were discussed.

Speaking about the great role and importance of children's literature in the education of a new person in our country, Comrade A.A. Andreyev, Secretary of the UIC (b) P MK, pointed out the main reasons for its lagging behind the current requirements, and noted that the main aspect that slows down the development of children's literature is the incomplete organization of the publication of children's works so far. is to do. If the children's literature publishing house was better organized, it would have had a better influence on the development of Soviet children's literature. The speaker then said: "Until now, there has been no real owner of children's literature. It has not been raised to the required height by the Commissioner of Education and publishers. Let's hope that now the Komsomol work will be conducted in a new way." In order to raise children's literature to a higher level, the speaker continued his speech and said: "Everything that is good in our country should be collected and used for children's literature." For this, "it is necessary to attract our best writers, poets, playwrights to create children's books of all kinds. At the same time, it is necessary to work hard on creating a cadre of children's writers, poets and artists" (Khalilov, 1970, p. 55).

In the meeting, the shortcomings in the field of children's literature were discussed in detail. One of these shortcomings was that children's books had not yet been printed as much as desired. It is said in the consultation: "Despite the fact that the publication of children's books has increased year by year, from 10 million copies in 1933 to 20 million copies in 1935, the state of children's literature cannot be considered satisfactory, if only because of the fact that children's books are still less is written and published, they are needed at least 5-10 times more than what is published." The meeting also criticized the writing, language, and style of children's books, the fact that very few books are published for children of the age of October, and that children's literature does not cover a number of important aspects of our lives.

It was said in the meeting that children's literature does not cover the important aspects of our lives: "... Children should first of all know what our country has, what its resources are and how it differs from other countries. We have few such books for children" (Khalilov, 1970, p. 56).

It is necessary to express in an artistic form what kind of country our country is and what it has become, what it did not have in the past and what it has now... Our writers have not yet created interesting and simply written biographies of the great men of science and literature. All of these are extremely necessary for the socialist upbringing of children through fiction" (Khalilov, 1970, p. 56).

Finally, at the meeting, it was noted that children's literature is lagging behind in terms of its artistic and technical design. In this regard, it was said in the materials of the consultation: "The technical and artistic design of the book, printing and pictures are extremely important for children and teenagers. Most of the time this solves the problem. Whether a child will read a book or not can be determined largely by the layout of the book. Children's literature is still at a very low technical level, and the blame for this lies entirely with the publishers, who approach their work in a bureaucratic manner. Often, the print quality is bad, the paper is bad, and the pictures are bad. Sometimes they give children all kinds of doodles, and they think that all of them will go to work" (Khalilov, 1970, p. 56).

Guided by the decisions and instructions of the party and our state, the Republic of Azerbaijan is starting to develop its publication in the direction indicated in the documents of the council in order to eliminate the shortcomings left in the field of children's literature. Thanks to this, a number of original and translated children's literature was published in 1936/37. In "Gambay" by one of the Azerbaijani writers and poets Hummet Alizade, "Battle Paths" by A. Farig for middle-aged children, "My Friends" by B. Murshud, "Mubarizelar" by Dadash Islam oglu, "Bitter Memories" by Umid Asgaraliyev, as well as repeatedly A. Shaig's "Playing Gardens" and "The Fox Goes on a Pilgrimage" and others have been published for young children. In Mir Jalal's "The Watermelon Thief", Sh. Abbasov's "26 Commissioners", A. Akbar's "Little Sculptor", Abdul Kazim's "Watchful Children", Mustafa Chobanzade's "Pioneer and Schoolboy Learn Automodeling", M.F. Akhundov's middle and older for children: "Deceived kavakib story Yusif shah", A. Shaig's "The letter did not arrive", M. Seyidzade's "Who is strong" and "Nargiz", which inform preschool and young children about natural phenomena, M. Dilbazi's rich nature of our homeland, pioneer and schoolchildren's work, noble dreams, passion for socially useful work, etc. book of poems "First Spring", N. Rafibeyli's "Gochaq Karim", B. Gasimzade's poem "Murad" describing the difficult life of children before the revolution and their cheerful and happy life after the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, the book "Songs" and other works are the best books printed for reading.

For example, instead of the 70 books planned for 1937, Azernashr published 17 books, and 27 books were published in January-August 1938. Among these books, which were not so good in quality, the works of classical writers were a minority (Pisman, 1940).

"Azernashr" continued the publication of children's literature in our country until September 1938, that is, until the Children's and Youth's Literature Publishing House ("Ushakgenshr") was established.

If we look at the publication of children's literature during the second five-year period, we can see that there are many positive aspects.

One of the positive aspects of Azerbaijani children's literature published in this period was the use of folk literature and folklore. In the past, A. Shaig's works such as "Tik-Tik Khanim", "The Fox Goes on a Pilgrimage", and "Good Arka" were children's favorite books created by using folk tales. "Shangul, §ungul, Mangul" by M. Mushfig, "Peasant and snake", "Golden bird", "Frost", "Nargiz" by M. Seyidzade, "Gulbala" by H. Alizade, "Molla Mamish and chest" by S. Valiyev, A. Shaig's "Gochpolad", "Eloglu", N. Rafibeyli's "Peasant and Wolf Tale" and others are beautiful children's works created by using folklore. During this period, it was also required to collect and study our folklore and develop ways of using it scientifically and theoretically. Because, as the folk poet S. Vurgun said, "The most beautiful sources for creating romantic works for our children are our fairy tales and legends" (Khalilov, 1970, p. 57).

One of the great achievements of Azerbaijani Soviet children's literature in the mentioned period was to enrich it by translating works of classics of Russian, USSR and world literature. Although this work was not raised to the full height in the true sense of the word at that time, it was already written by A.S. Pushkin, A.I. Krylov, L.N. Tolstoy, M.Y. Lermantov, A.P. Chekhov, V Hugo, Mark Twain, Schiller, Swift, Jules Veri, Aldridge and others. The translation of his works and delivery to his young readers should be regarded as an important event.

As for the quality issue, despite the fact that there were many defects in the language, formatting, pictures, and font of the children's books, there was an immeasurable improvement compared to the books printed in the prerevolution period, which had no scientific and technical basis, and in the first ten years of the Soviet rule in our republic. Especially from the middle of the decade, prediscussion of the original children's literature works to be published in the Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Pedagogical Institute has greatly improved the publication of children's literature. Also, the involvement of a number of new translators in the literary translation field has had a certain impact on the quality of the works.

In addition to the positive aspects of children's literature, of course, there are also some shortcomings. Most of the books published in these years talk about animals, and the man who is the decoration of life and his admirable works are not covered much. The child saw little of himself and his friends, teacher, family, school and other issues in the book he was reading.

On the pages of the press, our writers and poets are criticized for not trying to write about the leaders of the revolution, the heroes of the civil war, the heroes of our people like Babek, Koroglu, Nabi, their sons like Nizami, Fuzuli, Vagif, M.F.Akhundov, Sabir, and about the pioneers.

One of the shortcomings is that little attention is paid to the translation and publication of children's literature by the peoples of the world. At that time, there were not a few examples of beautiful children's literature of Ukraine, Georgia and other national republics and regions. On January 19, 1936, at the first children's literature meeting at the Central Committee of the UIC (b) P, Andreyev rightly said: "... to collect everything that is good for children in world literature and make them the property of our council children. needed".

Of course, in the following years, special measures were taken to eliminate the shortcomings in the field of children's literature during the second five-year period.

In the 1930s, attention and care was paid to the publication of children's and youth literature in the republic. So, already in 1933, in the department of children's literature organized under Azernashr, some work was done in the field of publishing literature for children and young people. In 1935, the department published children's literature in the amount of200 printed sheets in 65 titles. However, considering how big a role books play in the education of the young generation, it is worth noting that this mentioned fact is quite small. Therefore, the conditions demanded the establishment of a separate independent publishing house in order to meet the demand for books of children and young people. Because children and young people studied in various educational institutions and were interested in learning scientific and technical innovations. Therefore, the books printed for children and young people should be colorful and diverse. Taking into account the situation, EC (b) considers it important to organize a special publishing house to print children's and youth literature of P MK. № 4465 dated August 9, 1938 of the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Lenin Communist Youth Union (Azer.LKGI) on the organization of Children's and Young People's Literature Publishing House - ("Children's Literature") under the MK In order to improve the publishing of children's and youth literature, the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Azerbaijan Communist Party (b) P MK receive: 1. From August 1, 1938, children's and youth literature under the Azerbaijan LKGI MK The publishing house should be organized ("Ushakganeshr").

Thus, the creation of the publishing house of the Children and Youth Literature Publishing House is greeted with great enthusiasm by all the youth of Azerbaijan.

Many writers, poets and artists of Azerbaijan state that they are ready to work on creating original works for children and young people (Kazim, 1938).

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the publishing house published a lot of literature aimed at children and young people. As in the entire publishing system, the most important factor in the publication and formation of books in "Ushakganeshr" is the establishment of the material and technical base of the publishing house at the level of the requirements of the time. Unfortunately, the publication of books based on Latin script in the 1930s and Russian script (Cyrillic) since 1939 required the renewal of printing equipment in a certain sense.

The article "The quality of children's fiction should be raised" is published in the "Literature" newspaper, Pisma, secretary of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan LKGI. Here, G. Pisman talks about the current problems of children's literature, discusses the quality issues of children's literature (Pisman, 1940). At the same time, in 1940, an important article entitled "Strict attention to children's literature" was published in the "Literature" newspaper. Here, the shortcomings in the field of children's literature are noted, and a call was made for the development of children's literature (Serious attention, 1940).

Of course, the correct interpretation of the existing problems required a lack of attention to this area.

Belinsky once said: "Education is a big job. He decides the fate of a person." It really is. Especially the issue of education in the field of literature and art - the issue of artistic education of children occupies one of the important places. Any positive character skillfully created in the work has a great impact on the young reader and deepens his attitude towards life and people. In this respect, that is, in terms of creating works that call children to be brave, selfless, honest, independent and hardworking, and inspire them for future struggles, our writers have always faced great and serious tasks.

Before and after the Great Patriotic War, our literature contained a number of outstanding children's works - dramas, stories, narratives, poems, songs, etc. enriched with, some of which have gained great success among children. In these years, among the old writers, M.S. Ordubadi's story "Lieutenant Ivanov's Nursery", A. Shaig's verse tales, "Araz", the poems "El oghlu", "Vatan", the story "Vazifa", S. Vurgun, S. Rustam, M. Rahim, M. Seyidzade, M. Dilbazi, A. Jamil, R. Nigar and other writers' plays, poems, poems and songs for children played a great role in the lives of children and young people.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, the printing industry suffered heavy blows in Azerbaijan, as well as in other areas. The significant reduction of paper and other printing equipment, the mobilization of authors, editors, printers and other specialists to the front started to have a negative effect on the total volume of book printing in all publishing houses, including "Ushaggennashr". The level of artistic design of the books has decreased significantly, and the format has become smaller. Despite the difficulties of these years, "Ushaggennashr" published books on various topics (courage, patriotism, heroism, etc.), "Military library of Komsomol", "Heroes of the Great Patriotic War", "Military library of school", "Ready for defense", etc. . also printed books with series. In general, first of all, serious attention was paid to the ideological and political content of the books published in "Ushakganeshr".

The Great Patriotic War had its influence on the field of children's and youth literature as well as on every field of literature and art. In this period, the issue of writing works for children became more important. In connection with this, a number of new, honorable and responsible tasks fell upon children's writers. They felt with all their being and more deeply that in order to meet the legitimate demands of young readers, it is necessary to create complete, mature works about our people, our country, our front and rear heroes, countless children who have gained fame with their bravery. Undoubtedly, this task cannot be accomplished by simply narrating various battle scenes to young readers. The works written and created for children should instill in them the feeling of true patriotism and fully satisfy their artistic taste. Young readers, in any work written for them, should see the strong moral power of the peoples participating in the war, including the people of Azerbaijan, in its full meaning, and should be more familiar with the work done by selfless people.

Conclusions

As a result of the conducted research, it is known that along with this achieved achievement, gaps and shortcomings in the field of children's literature were often discussed by the intellectuals of the time in the pages of the periodical press, and the lack of work done was highlighted. For example, Z. Abdurrahmanoglu "About the big flaws of small works" (Abdurrahmanoglu, 1939); A. Shaik "Let's write works that please children" (Shaik, 1940); M. Rzaguluzade "Literature for children and about children" (Rzaguluzade, 1944); "Children's and youth literature" (1944); M. Kamran "Children's images in our literature" (Kamran, 1947); A. Abulhasan "About children's literature" (Abulhasan, 1950); G. Musayev "Some issues of our children's literature" (Musayev, 1954); H. Gasimzade "Children's publication in 1954" (Gasimzadeh, 1954); A. Bagyrzade "Let's write valuable books for children and young people" (Bagyrzade, 1954) etc.

The decision of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on November 28, 1946 entitled "On measures to develop the printing industry and publishing work in the Azerbaijan SSR" stated that it was necessary to reduce the cost of the products released by publishing houses, including "Ushakgenashr", and to collect books in stores. in addition to the measures to eliminate the cases of overstaying, concrete tasks were put forward in the field of improving the technical condition of the printing houses and the material and living conditions of the printing house workers.

Despite the fact that certain measures were taken by related organizations and departments for the full and proper fulfillment of the tasks arising from the decision, there were still a number of shortcomings in the field of book publishing. The Central Committee of Azerbaijan K (b) P discussed these shortcomings in detail at the meeting of publishing workers on July 29-30, 1948, and showed concrete ways to eliminate them (Meeting of Azerbaijani, 1948).

The pedagogical aspect of the children's book implies its educational importance, which is important in the life of every child. Therefore, one of the most important elements of determining its quality is the aspect of upbringing. Therefore, in all times, especially during the Soviet era, the subject of children's books was treated sensitively, and the government paid special attention and care to the publication of works necessary for children.

References

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4. Abulhasan, A. (1950, May 16). About children's literature. Literary newspaper.

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13. Mikayil, R. Q. (1936, November 7). Our achievements and tasks in the field of Soviet children's literature. Literature newspaper. Musayev, G. (1954, April 3). Some issues of children's literature. "Literature and Art" journal.

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