Problems of the prose works of the collection of Stepan Pavlenk "Everyness is so short"

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Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine

Problems of the prose works of the collection of Stepan Pavlenk "Everyness is so short"

Larisa Zadoyana Ph.D.(Philology), Associate Professor,

Department of Applied Linguistics and Journalism,

Аннотация

Проблематика прозаических произведений сборника Степана Павленко "Все так коротко"

Лариса Задоян

В статье рассматривается жанровая система книги Степана Онисимовича Павленко "Вечность так коротка". Охарактеризованы прозаические произведения сборника. Очерчена тематика прозаических произведений. Определены проблемы прозы и выделены связи между проблематикой и жанрами сборника.

Цель статьи - исследовать идейное и тематическое богатство прозаических произведений книги Степана Павленко "Вечность так коротка".

Источниковой базой исследования является сборник Степана Павленко "Вечность так коротка". В качестве основной работы используется описательный метод по отношению к творчеству автора; структурный метод был использован для определения жанровой структуры сборника "Вечность так коротка"; контекстуальный метод, позволяющий определить тематику прозаических произведений автора.

Анализируя прозаические произведения Степана Онисимовича, следует отметить, что их тематика, по сути, схожа с разделами его поэтических произведений. Так, в прозе Степан Павленко обращается к красоте родной природы, силе и верности любви, семейному уюту, уважению к людям, трудолюбию, проблемам вечности, философским категориям добра и зла, искусству. Но больше всего о том, что близко и наболевшее автору, о его родной школе, о значении слова для учителя, об учениках, которые так похожи и так непохожи одновременно, о личностях учителя и ребенка, о педагогических колледжах, указывая на, помимо прочего, и его критическое мнение о своей деятельности, будучи одновременно психологом и педагогом. С точки зрения тематической направленности, разделы прозаической части сборника Степана Павленко "Вечность так коротка", "Этюды зеленых дождей", "Новогодняя открытка", "Педрада на перемене", "Слово на ладони" оригинальны, эмоционально насыщены. Все это еще раз убеждает в важности и значительности как сборника "Вечность так коротка", так и всего творчества Степана Онисимовича Павленко. И в то же время Степан Павленко - неординарный, с широким кругозором человек, чуткий, добрый, умный и высокоэрудированный, очень скромный, с богатым жизненным и преподавательским опытом, всегда готовый прийти на помощь. Он уважал Человека, Учителя, любил мир, восхищался красотой, всем живым на Земле. Всегда стремился к гармонии в жизни.

Ключевые слова: Степан Онисимович Павленко, прозаические произведения, сборник "Вечность так коротка", проза, темы, анализ.

Abstract

The article examines the genre system of the book "Eternity is so short" by Stepan Onsymovych Pavlenko. The prose works of the collection are characterized.

The subject matter of prose works is outlined. The problems of prose are defined and connections between the problems and genres of the collection are highlighted.

The aim of the article is to explore the ideological and thematic richness of prose works of Stepan Pavlenko's book " Eternity is so short."

Stepan Pavlenko's collection "Eternity is so short" is the source base of the study. As the main work, the descriptive method is used in relation to the author's creative output; the structural method was used to determine the genre structure of the collection "Eternity is so short"; contextual method that allows you to determine the subject matter of the author's prose works.

When analyzing the prose works of Stepan Onysymovych, it should be noted that their subject matter is, in fact, similar to the sections of his poetic works. Thus, in prose, Stepan Pavlenko addresses the beauty of native nature, the strength and fidelity of love, family coziness, respect for people, hard work, problems of eternity, philosophical categories of good and evil, art.

But most of all about what is close and painful for the author, about his native school, about the meaning of the Word for a teacher, about students, who are so alike and so different at the same time, about personalities of a teacher and a child, about teachers-colleges, pointing out, among other things, and his critical opinion about their activities, being both a psychologist and a teacher. In terms of thematic direction, the sections of the prose part of Stepan Pavlenko's collection "Eternity is so short", "Etudes of green rains", "New Year's card", "Pedrada in the break time", "Word on the palm" are original, emotionally saturated. All this once again convinces of the importance and significance of both the collection "Eternity is so short" and the entire work of Stepan Onysymovich Pavlenko. And at the same time, Stepan Pavlenko is an extraordinary, broad-minded person, sensitive, kind, intelligent and highly erudite, very modest, rich in life and teaching experience, always ready to help. He respected a Man, a Teacher, loved the world, admired beauty, all living things on Earth. Always sought harmony in life.

Keywords: Stepan Onysymovych Pavlenko, prose works, the collection "Eternity is so short", prose, themes, analysis.

Introduction

Problem statement. The relevance of our research is determined by the fact that the work of Stepan Onisymovich Pavlenko has not been studied at all, we consider it simply necessary to offer at least a cursory analysis of it. Adhering to the order of arrangement of the prose sections of the collection, we will consider them one by one.

"Etudes of green rains" is the first of the prose sections of the collection, which includes miniatures with descriptions of the colorful world ("My green world"), natural phenomena ("Flood", "Rain"), a variety of flora and fauna ("Snowfall", " Elk", "Sinychki", "Sniguri") and are perceived by the reader as poetry in prose. These are lyrical glimpses of the author's thoughts and feelings.

Analysis of the recent research and publications

Analyzing this section, it is necessary to turn to the writer's works themselves, since the creativity and personality of any talented person is better perceived by giving specific examples from the works. The miniature "My green world" contains the following lines: "My green world, don't let me get used to you. As long as I live, a question mark shines on me. My question mark with his eternally amazed eyes..." [S. Pavlenko, P. 99].

These lines characterize their author as a romantic person, a person of faith, to a certain extent, even an ascetic by nature. In his works dealing with the theme of nature, the author tries to convey his emotional feelings and worries for people, the surrounding world, with the help of a pen he tries to reproduce the beauty of his native land, the multifaceted manifestations of this beauty, in which we can see the author's desire to use the works for the purpose of educating the younger generation, since most of his works are also dedicated to children, to instill in them love for the world around us.

In the same chapter, the author also addresses the topic of good and evil. Works on this topic include, for example, the sketch "Fairy Tale". The story, or perhaps the author's fiction, tells the reader about the incident, the act of a teenager who destroyed a stork's nest for the sake of curiosity and the consequences that this act entailed - the birds leaving the nest and the death of elderly people who took care of the birds. Acquaintance with this work leaves an unpleasant residue on the soul of an adult, and taking into account the psychology of children and teenagers, for whose audience the work is also intended, it is possible to predict a considerable educational and instructive role of the written work. A child who gets acquainted with the work is unlikely to act as the hero of this work did, and a stronger personality will even be able to stop a peer from such actions.

In the "New Year's card" the motif of love, family coziness can be traced. We read about this in the stories: "Siyanka", "Kaminets", "New Year's card" and others. So, when we get acquainted with the story "Kaminets", we see that the author wants to teach readers not to be afraid of their feelings, draws their attention to the problems of communication in a children's environment. And in general, familiarization with the work brings moral satisfaction from a good resolution of events. The story tells about a boy who fell in love with a girl classmate, how he could not dare to tell her about his feelings and how an incident contributed to solving this problem. Among other things, this work is also instructive for teachers who have to make the right decision at a crucial moment.

About the warmth of family coziness, hard work is told in the work of the same chapter called "Seedling". In the story, the story is about a child, an eight-year- old boy who lives with his parents in a village where, as you know, there is always physical work. So, a boy named Yurasyk, knowing that his parents are busy at work and cannot keep up with household chores, decides to help his mother plant seedlings in the garden. Stepan Onysimovych, telling the story about a hardworking boy, at the same time promotes the love of work among his readers and at the same time draws the attention of parents not to be afraid to involve their children in work, because it is work that brings up the Man in a person.

Stepan Onisymovych also has a short ballad on this topic called "The Ballad of Irka". In the work, the story is about a schoolgirl, who studies rather mediocrely, never demands a higher grade for herself, but among all subjects she has no equal in labor training, in everything related to the work to which rural schoolchildren are involved. And finally , as an epilogue, the author notes: "What's up, Irynka, everything is legal. It is no one's fault that your hands and soul are golden, not your tongue" [P. Ageeva, P. 157].

With this, the author wants to emphasize that not all students are equally gifted for learning, perhaps even from nature, but love for work, honor and respect for people does not come to a person at birth, but in the process of upbringing, at the beginning of home life, from parents to the child, and in the future - to social, first of all - school. And is it worth arguing about which child deserves respect: the one who has the gift of excellent learning and only, or the one who studies to the best of his abilities, being at the same time a hardworking and educated child. Perhaps the most important part of the book "Eternity is so short" is the chapter "Pedrada on a break". Stepan Pavlenko reproduces his observations in interesting stories, short stories, essays , ballads, feuilletons, fairy tales (almost all of them are miniatures). It is very well said about the works included here in the preface: "These prose sketches are a kind of gold reserve. Not only for the lexicographer. And not only - for those who are connected with education or who studied at school, are studying or will study... These sketches, built on self-irony, which is often quite rare for a teacher ("The Wasp", "Ancient Raid", "Individual Conversation" ) and self-criticism ("On the bus", "Ivankova's smile", "Did you read?"), on light humor ("How much of that work...", "Doll", "The door") and, in addition to aesthetic value, in addition to of its artistic sophistication, designed to remind us all of something important..." [S. Pavlenko, P. 5].

What exactly - the reader will find out for himself, because reading these poetic short stories is a great pleasure. And although they sometimes feel self-irony and exaggerated self-criticism, they are all warmed by love, sincere, deep in meaning. In them, we see not only direct pedagogical reflections, but also read Stepan Pavlenko's life credo, his position and views on the teaching profession in general and on his purpose in particular. Because it is a great teacher's wisdom to understand children, to fairly evaluate their successes and failures.

"There has never been an easy teacher's bread," we read in the short story "The First of September". And this opinion is confirmed in many pedagogical studies. The author warns: a teacher's indifference, arrogance is a terrible thing ("Matchbox", "Quarry", "Distance", "Oh, those apples"), because it is precisely because of it that children suffer. The true happiness of a teacher, according to Stepan Pavlenko, is "...to see a blue violet even over a white snowy desert" (" See a violet") [S. Pavlenko, P. 143].

"It's worth living" - that's the name of the story of the chapter in which Stepan Onisimovych describes the scene of the lesson, noting two heroes: the teacher and one of the "unfortunate" students in terms of learning and behavior. History is instructive for both sides of the educational process. Both the teacher (poise, professionalism, care, optimism) and the students can draw positive from it, regarding how it is undesirable to behave (missing lessons, pretending to be a "hero", smoking, etc. ). The author urges the reader to live in such a way that neither you nor others are ashamed of your actions and lifestyle. This is manifested at the end of the work: "But it's funny: did I ever doubt this? But you, perhaps, will be able to die better than me, but I'm not talking about that, Vasylka, not about that. Some things hurt me, some things bother me: won't you get drunk little by little? Will you not willingly lie under the feet of some evil company? Won't you trample your future family into the swamp? And live, you hear, will you be able to live so that the Motherland would be proud of you alive? Because to live with dignity, Vasylka, is sometimes more difficult than to die with dignity - this is the teacher's answer to the student's remark that he too can perform a feat and even die for the Motherland " [V. Bilous, P. 141].

Among the works there are also those dedicated to students who are more diligent and more responsible in their studies, such a work is the story "Five". The author tells the reader, using the example of a girl, what should be the attitude towards learning: conscientious, diligent, honest, responsible. The artistic essence of the work is as follows: the class is writing a dictation, after submitting the written work for the test, the girl remembers that she made one mistake and is very worried about it. After the teacher checks the task, she finds out that she got a five, but the child thinks that what she wrote is not worthy of a five and, believing that the teacher did not detect her mistake, tells him about it. One of the problematic issues voiced by the author is the assessment of students' knowledge. He draws the attention of teachers to the fact that the assessment should take into account not only knowledge, but also the attitude to learning, the desire to learn and obtain relevant knowledge, the capabilities of a particular child.

Basically, Stepan Pavlenko's sketches are based on literary examples - the author starts from them to emphasize his point. The author derives theory from practice or vice versa - projects theory onto practice. But the personality of the teacher and the child is always in the center of the author's attention. More than once in his works, Stepan Onysimovych touches on the topic of teacher-students. Such works include "Essay", "Orthography", "It Happens and Such", "Note", "Anyway" and others. For example, let's consider the story "This and that happens". To better understand the content, here are a few lines from the work: "Who influences whom more: the teacher on the students or the students on the teacher? It was the same with the students. Sometimes such a class will be selected that, well, nothing will move it" [Gundorova T., P. 222].

The story is about a children's team - a class of students who are indifferent to everything, uninteresting. "They are generally fenced off from the teacher by an impenetrable wall. You rush in one direction, in the second, in the third - deafly, no reaction . " The author makes us think that a lot depends on the teacher, it is the teacher who must interest the students, draw their attention to the material under consideration, present the material not only within the curriculum, but also diversify the lesson by giving examples from life, pay attention to the history of the topic, which it is recommended to use game tools to encourage children to study. The use of such tools will minimize children's indifference to learning and to the teacher, will strengthen the authority of both the teacher himself and the entire teaching staff. thematic genre eternity pavlenk school

When studying the topic of the relationship between teachers and students, it is necessary to consider as an example another work in which the main idea is similar to the previously analyzed pedagogical sketch, only with the difference in the polar opposite of the characteristics of the heroes. This is a short story called "Essay". We are talking about writing a piece by the class on the topic "One day of my winter vacation", before writing the piece the teacher suggests thinking about the content and first talking about what the children want to write. A student girl, who, according to the design of the work, has creative abilities and a desire to write about the most interesting things, tells, using an artistic style, about a beautiful winter day, about her cat, how she and her sister played with him, how funny he is, how interesting he is leads After listening to the students, the teacher says: "Well, write, children. Just write about something good, and not about such nonsense that the cat stood on its end or something" [Ilnytskyi M., P. 117]. The teacher's words shocked the child, made him blush, and, already writing the essay, the child describes only everyday life facts in it. Thus, the author draws the attention of teachers and adults in general to the fact that one ill-considered phrase can greatly offend a child's soul, and therefore you should think carefully before making any categorical conclusions, and even more so if you make unfounded remarks, since the Teacher, not has the right to make such mistakes.

The topic of relationships in the teaching staff also occupies one of the central places in the pedagogical sketches of Stepan Pavlenko. This is exactly what is told in the works "We will not record", "Lecture", "Why does not sound "why", "Conflict", "Honor board" and others. Let's analyze one of the stories that raises the problem of relations between teachers called "Honor Board". Here, the author raises the problem of the professionalism of the teaching staff, which is quite widespread in our time, of the correspondence between the contribution that the teacher gives to work, teaching children, their upbringing and the reward for his work, the reward is not only material, but also to a certain extent moral and spiritual. At the same time, in the work, the author delicately emphasizes the issues of nepotism in official relations between teachers, nepotism towards management (by the way, the short story "Who is Nina Better" is also on this topic). Turning to the artistic content of the work, its essence can be briefly described: the teacher of the extended day group, rather inconspicuous in her knowledge, "...who disappeared more for chatter than for the children..." is listed on the district Honor Board, because she has a husband - they are seen more often in the headmaster and in the district. Teachers and students, of course, are outraged that she will represent all teachers in the district on the honor board. But Maria Tarasivna is not too worried about it, she doesn't care. Drawing conclusions from what has been read, it should be noted that at the moment, local education departments play an insufficient role in education management. The employees of these institutions have little insight into the life of the school itself. If we take the human factor specifically, then, in our opinion, the author seems to pose a question to the reader: aren't you the same, and is there a place for such people in school? Stepan Pavlenko wrote not only works about negativity, which concerns the relationship between teachers among themselves, there are enough of his works that talk about teachers who treat their duties with dignity and about the fact that teachers are ordinary people. The story "Between Lessons" is just such a work. Here the story is about the fact that the teaching profession is so absorbed in a person that you can recognize a teacher anywhere, under any circumstances. Speech, gestures, clothes, and everything in the world express it. But every teacher definitely has a need from time to time to throw off the difficult robes of his profession, because if he does not do it, he will eventually cease to be a teacher. Therefore, being serious and respectful, they can at the same time turn into cheerful and uncompromising, capable of jokes, into ordinary people.

An equally relevant theme in Stepan Pavlenko's work is the worldview of the teachers themselves. In the story "Why is it so?" it tells about a teacher who excelled in public education and is a labor veteran. Olga Overkivna taught mathematics, she replaced physics for a while, she tried, but it probably didn't work out in the best way. The students noticed this and told her that in mathematics she is a she, and in physics she is as if she is not her. Therefore, the teacher never forgot that she had to work so that the children saw that she was in her place, that she was still her. Among the many tasks entrusted to teachers is the task of expanding children's worldview. However, before teaching someone, it is necessary to know well what you are teaching, because children have such a property to "very" notice the flaws and shortcomings of adults, especially teachers. In order to reduce this danger to a minimum, teachers themselves need to expand their worldview and constantly learn: as they say, a teacher must know everything. Separately, I would like to say about the cycle of sketches united under the common name "Word on the Palm". Just as doctors hold a human heart in the palm of their hand, so do lexicographers hold the Word in the palm of their hand. It is not enough to know the value of the Word, one must be able to see and feel its beauty. The powerlessness of words is a sign of the teacher's defeat. Stepan Pavlenko reflects on why there is no full-blooded image of the Mother in the literature studied at school ("In our paradise on earth"); why is there no happy literature, but all tragic , sad ("That which does not die"). "Our classic, - notes the author of the sketch "That which does not die", - overworked, worked up like Malanka Volyk, in an old scroll, but in a clean shirt, she gets up to work today, as she got up yesterday and the day before yesterday".

What keeps the village teacher on the surface of life and prevents him from sinking to the very bottom? The solution is both complex and simple at the same time: only that he lives with children and literature. We are once again convinced of how careful and sensitive Stepan Pavlenko is to his words. He is not only a subtle psychologist, but also a wise teacher.

Continuing this topic, it should be noted that, using psychological techniques in literature, Stepan Pavlenko turned to such a genre as an essay. The essays include the following works: "Hotlieb", "That's the story", "Pity", "Autograph of Peter Panch", etc.

It is interesting to read the essay "This is the story", in which the author, combining scientific and artistic styles, explores the origin of the word "furious" and its derivatives. The subtext of this work is the author's desire to show the complexity of the work of vocabulary teachers. And they themselves do not always know everything, even in their profession. After all, even dictionaries do not give answers to some questions. In addition, he emphasizes that you need to improve yourself, raise your professional level, and look for something new. Studying the Word, Stepan Onisymovych found out its meaning, namely: glassy (glassy) - mad, craz. It turns out that there is also "native" in the word. And vitreousness (madness), and vitreous (madness), and stektsya (madness)... [S. Pavlenko, P. 192].

Conclusions

In his work, Stepan Pavlenko could not ignore the issue of satire in literary journalism. His feuilleton-parody "How to become a humorous poet" is not just a satirical work, but also ironically teaches the reader to create small humorous miniatures by adding rhymes to them. As an example, the author cites the anecdote "I bragged":

Once a gentleman was driving from the city and picked up a peasant on the road. The gentleman wanted to brag about his learning. And he proudly said to the peasant:

"I studied for 30 years!" The peasant thought for a while and then said: "Are you, young lady, so stupid that you were taught for so long?" [S. Pavlenko, P. 202].

The hero, using rhymes, changes what is written as follows:

Bragged

Mister liar of liars

He boasted to the peasant:

- I did not sit idle.

I studied at school for thirty years!

- Oh! - said the peasant. -

Thirty years?! But that's a lot...

Apparently, Mr. is neither in the tin nor in the mill -

Born stupid [ I. Kovaliv, P. 202 ] .

It has already been mentioned many times that Stepan Onysimovich wrote a lot for children. Fairy tales written by the author take pride of place in the "Word on the Palm" section. These are "Adjective passions", "Psychology", "Monsieur from France", "Oh, this is NU!", "Healthy spirit", "Bad people", "Relatives". Interesting, bright, impressive with their wit, philological skill. Since the author of the fairy tales is a teacher-linguist, most of the heroes of these works are members of the sentence, but they act in the role of living people, that is, the technique of personification is used. We suggest you consider one of the fairy tales called "Monsieur from France". It is to

ld in a fairy tale about how Monsieur Palto, while traveling, found himself on the banks of the Dnieper and settled here. Monsieur admired the Dnieper scenery, but he did not want to get close to his neighbors, he did not change his habits. It is much more decent to be constant, and in general, local nouns will not get tired of chasing cases.

However, Monsieur Coat saves his prepositional neighbor from the cold, after that Coat made friends with prepositions, established relationships with all cases. And soon the Coat was solemnly accepted as a full member of the Second Declension of Nouns. Thus, the use of this and similar fairy tales proposed by the author develops the game of imagination, arouses interest in individual creativity, helps children to learn more deeply and better about the topics under consideration.

Concluding the examination of the problems of Stepan Pavlenko's prose works, we will also analyze the scientific and journalistic article on the border of pedagogy and philology "A fairy tale looks through the window...", in which the author, as a teacher and educator, emphasizes the importance of fairy tales in the education of children.

The content of this work boils down to the fact that a child should be introduced to artistic creativity from a young age, in which fairy tales occupy the leading place, and for the youngest, perhaps the first. I would like to quote a few lines from the article: "... isn't a fairy tale one of the most accessible and effective means of adult influence on a child's inner world? [ Ilnytskyi M., P. 217].

But it already depends only on us, on adults. Therefore, we can say with confidence that fairy tales are of great importance in the consciousness and development of a child, because a child's world begins with fairy tales, he reads, dreams from fairy tales. Fairy tales help to bring up positive human qualities in children, which people lack so much in our difficult times.

So, after analyzing the prose sections of the collection, we found out that in them the author touches on the following topics: Word and Literature, Love, Good and Evil, Children, Family, School, Art, Nature.

And also - addresses the following genres: short stories, short stories, ballads, feuilletons, essays, essays, fairy tales.

References

1. Pavlenko Stepan Onisymovych. Eternity is so short: Poetry. Prose. Satire. Translations. Uman: ALMI, 2017, 304 p.

2. V. P. Ageeva Women's Space: Feminist Discourse of Ukrainian Modernism. Kyiv: Fakt, 2008. 360 p.

3. P. V. Bilous History of Ukrainian literature of the 11th-12th centuries: teaching. manual Kyiv: Academy, 2012. P. 14 - 42.

4. Gundorova T. Post-Chernobyl library: Ukrainian literary postmodernism. Kyiv: Krytyka, 2013. 341 p.

5. Gundorova T. Kitsch and literature: travesties. Kyiv: Fakt, 2008. 280 p.

6. Ilnytskyi M. Signs of the times and facets of talent. Kyiv: Klio Publishing House, 2014. 432 p.

7. Ilnytskyi M. Ukrainian literary thought of the 20th century. Western Ukraine, emigration: study guide. Lviv: LNU named after Ivan Franko, 2015. 352 p.

8. Yu. I. Kovaliv Literary encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Kyiv: Academy, 2007. 608 p. https://doi.org/10.52058/2695-1592-2023-10(29)-63-73

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